Over the last few decades, there has been a dispute regarding the ability of colloidal dispersion gels (CDG) to improve sweep efficiency more than polymer flooding. In this study, a numerical model was built using the CMG-STARS simulator to investigate the behavior of injecting 0.1 PV of CDG slug into one quarter of inverted nine-spot pattern. This slug was composed of 0.1 wt. % HPAM polymer solution with a polymer-to-crosslinker ratio (P/X) of 50/1. The model was represented by a thick heterogeneous reservoir with high water cut caused by high heterogeneity and adverse mobility ratio. Different experimental results from published literatures have been implemented in the numerical model to study the effect of these parameters on the propagation of the CDG. The results confirmed that CDG could propagate deep into the thief zones and reduce their permeability more than polymer solution. Moreover, the results showed that the shear-thinning behavior of CDG could assist the selective penetration into the high-permeability streaks only, thus reducing the cost of isolating the thief zones by mechanical methods. In addition, the results showed that the wettability had tremendous effects on the treatment. Therefore, the water-wet system yielded higher results with less damage to the low-permeability layers compared to the oil-wet system. The results showed an overestimation of the performance of post-treatment water when considering irreversible adsorption of CDG. However, the prolonged injection of post-treatment water would not remove the permeability reduction caused by CDG flooding, even with reversible adsorption. The results revealed that the higher the degradation of the CDG, the lower the recovery factor. The results showed the importance of considering a combination injection of polymer and CDG. The results also revealed that the higher the salinity of the reservoir brine and/or the makeup water, the lower the recovery factor. In addition, as the polymer/crosslinker ratio increases, the recovery factor decreases, while as the polymer hydrolysis increases, the recovery factor and residual resistance factor increases.
| Published in | American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (Volume 4, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajset.20190401.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-17 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Colloidal Dispersion Gel, Heterogeneous Reservoirs, Numerical Simulation, In-Depth Treatment
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APA Style
Tariq Khamees, Ralph Flori. (2019). Investigating the Propagation of the Colloidal Dispersion Gel (CDG) in Thick Heterogeneous Reservoirs Using Numerical Simulation. American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20190401.11
ACS Style
Tariq Khamees; Ralph Flori. Investigating the Propagation of the Colloidal Dispersion Gel (CDG) in Thick Heterogeneous Reservoirs Using Numerical Simulation. Am. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2019, 4(1), 1-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20190401.11
AMA Style
Tariq Khamees, Ralph Flori. Investigating the Propagation of the Colloidal Dispersion Gel (CDG) in Thick Heterogeneous Reservoirs Using Numerical Simulation. Am J Sci Eng Technol. 2019;4(1):1-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20190401.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajset.20190401.11,
author = {Tariq Khamees and Ralph Flori},
title = {Investigating the Propagation of the Colloidal Dispersion Gel (CDG) in Thick Heterogeneous Reservoirs Using Numerical Simulation},
journal = {American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajset.20190401.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20190401.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajset.20190401.11},
abstract = {Over the last few decades, there has been a dispute regarding the ability of colloidal dispersion gels (CDG) to improve sweep efficiency more than polymer flooding. In this study, a numerical model was built using the CMG-STARS simulator to investigate the behavior of injecting 0.1 PV of CDG slug into one quarter of inverted nine-spot pattern. This slug was composed of 0.1 wt. % HPAM polymer solution with a polymer-to-crosslinker ratio (P/X) of 50/1. The model was represented by a thick heterogeneous reservoir with high water cut caused by high heterogeneity and adverse mobility ratio. Different experimental results from published literatures have been implemented in the numerical model to study the effect of these parameters on the propagation of the CDG. The results confirmed that CDG could propagate deep into the thief zones and reduce their permeability more than polymer solution. Moreover, the results showed that the shear-thinning behavior of CDG could assist the selective penetration into the high-permeability streaks only, thus reducing the cost of isolating the thief zones by mechanical methods. In addition, the results showed that the wettability had tremendous effects on the treatment. Therefore, the water-wet system yielded higher results with less damage to the low-permeability layers compared to the oil-wet system. The results showed an overestimation of the performance of post-treatment water when considering irreversible adsorption of CDG. However, the prolonged injection of post-treatment water would not remove the permeability reduction caused by CDG flooding, even with reversible adsorption. The results revealed that the higher the degradation of the CDG, the lower the recovery factor. The results showed the importance of considering a combination injection of polymer and CDG. The results also revealed that the higher the salinity of the reservoir brine and/or the makeup water, the lower the recovery factor. In addition, as the polymer/crosslinker ratio increases, the recovery factor decreases, while as the polymer hydrolysis increases, the recovery factor and residual resistance factor increases.},
year = {2019}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Investigating the Propagation of the Colloidal Dispersion Gel (CDG) in Thick Heterogeneous Reservoirs Using Numerical Simulation AU - Tariq Khamees AU - Ralph Flori Y1 - 2019/03/16 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20190401.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajset.20190401.11 T2 - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology JF - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology JO - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-8353 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20190401.11 AB - Over the last few decades, there has been a dispute regarding the ability of colloidal dispersion gels (CDG) to improve sweep efficiency more than polymer flooding. In this study, a numerical model was built using the CMG-STARS simulator to investigate the behavior of injecting 0.1 PV of CDG slug into one quarter of inverted nine-spot pattern. This slug was composed of 0.1 wt. % HPAM polymer solution with a polymer-to-crosslinker ratio (P/X) of 50/1. The model was represented by a thick heterogeneous reservoir with high water cut caused by high heterogeneity and adverse mobility ratio. Different experimental results from published literatures have been implemented in the numerical model to study the effect of these parameters on the propagation of the CDG. The results confirmed that CDG could propagate deep into the thief zones and reduce their permeability more than polymer solution. Moreover, the results showed that the shear-thinning behavior of CDG could assist the selective penetration into the high-permeability streaks only, thus reducing the cost of isolating the thief zones by mechanical methods. In addition, the results showed that the wettability had tremendous effects on the treatment. Therefore, the water-wet system yielded higher results with less damage to the low-permeability layers compared to the oil-wet system. The results showed an overestimation of the performance of post-treatment water when considering irreversible adsorption of CDG. However, the prolonged injection of post-treatment water would not remove the permeability reduction caused by CDG flooding, even with reversible adsorption. The results revealed that the higher the degradation of the CDG, the lower the recovery factor. The results showed the importance of considering a combination injection of polymer and CDG. The results also revealed that the higher the salinity of the reservoir brine and/or the makeup water, the lower the recovery factor. In addition, as the polymer/crosslinker ratio increases, the recovery factor decreases, while as the polymer hydrolysis increases, the recovery factor and residual resistance factor increases. VL - 4 IS - 1 ER -
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