Newton’s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy provided the foundation of classical physics. This paper reviews several of his critical definitions, his three axioms, key corollaries, and concept of inertial frames. Newton’s first axiom or law requires the vector addition of velocities by Corollary I to translate the equation of motion of a constantly moving body from one inertial frame to another inertial frame. His relativity principle in Corollary V is often expanded to mean that any equation retains the same form in all inertial frames. This is true if the equations involve only Newtonian forces, but equations that specify velocity need to include the mutual velocity between moving inertial frames to fully transform the results between all reference frames. The speed of light parameter must correctly incorporate the mutual velocity between moving inertial frames. It is assumed the speed of light is a constant in all directions only in absolutely stationary, nongravitated reference frames, which is less restrictive than the assumption of universal speed of light in all inertial frames. A test is outlined with suggested equipment to measure the one-way speed of light simultaneously in three dimensions. Equations are provided to convert the results into the instantaneous directional velocity of the laboratory frame. It may take a few years to collect data to separate the Earth’s rotation, precession, nutation, polar wobble, Earth’s orbital velocity around the Earth-Sun and Earth-Moon barycenters, and the solar system’s movement due to the Milky Way’s rotation and translational velocity within the universe.
| Published in | International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (Volume 3, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.13 |
| Page(s) | 56-60 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Simultaneity, Relativity, Timing, Speed of Light
| [1] | Motte, A., and Cajori, F., 1934 translation of Isaac Newton’s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, Encyclopædia Britannica (copyright 1952), University of California Press, twenty-first printing, 1977. |
| [2] | Shortley, G., and Williams, D., Elements of Physics, 4th edition, Prentice-Hall, Inc. (1965). |
| [3] | Serway, R. A. and Jewett Jr., J. W., Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 9th ed., Cengage Learning (2014). |
| [4] | Young, H. D., Adams, P. W. and Chastain, R. J., Sears and Zemansky’s College Physics, Pearson (2016), 10th ed. |
| [5] | Deines, S. D., “Vector Addition of Light Speed Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test”, to be published in IJAMTP (2017). |
| [6] | Deines, S. D., “Generalized Equations for the Collinear Doppler Effect”, to be published in IJAMTP (2017). |
| [7] | Deines, S. D., “Dichotomy between Length Contraction and Null Results from All Interferometer Experiments”, to be published in IJAMTP (2017). |
| [8] | Pound, R. V.; Rebka Jr. G. A., "Gravitational Red-Shift in Nuclear Resonance". Physical Review Letters (November 1, 1959) 3 (9): 439–441. |
| [9] | Fix, J. D., Astronomy: Journey to the Cosmic Frontier, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill Higher Education (2008). |
| [10] | Fix, J. D., Astronomy, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Education (2004). |
APA Style
Steven D. Deines. (2017). Measuring Velocity of Moving Inertial Frames with Light Transmissions. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, 3(3), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.13
ACS Style
Steven D. Deines. Measuring Velocity of Moving Inertial Frames with Light Transmissions. Int. J. Appl. Math. Theor. Phys. 2017, 3(3), 56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.13
AMA Style
Steven D. Deines. Measuring Velocity of Moving Inertial Frames with Light Transmissions. Int J Appl Math Theor Phys. 2017;3(3):56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.13,
author = {Steven D. Deines},
title = {Measuring Velocity of Moving Inertial Frames with Light Transmissions},
journal = {International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {56-60},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijamtp.20170303.13},
abstract = {Newton’s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy provided the foundation of classical physics. This paper reviews several of his critical definitions, his three axioms, key corollaries, and concept of inertial frames. Newton’s first axiom or law requires the vector addition of velocities by Corollary I to translate the equation of motion of a constantly moving body from one inertial frame to another inertial frame. His relativity principle in Corollary V is often expanded to mean that any equation retains the same form in all inertial frames. This is true if the equations involve only Newtonian forces, but equations that specify velocity need to include the mutual velocity between moving inertial frames to fully transform the results between all reference frames. The speed of light parameter must correctly incorporate the mutual velocity between moving inertial frames. It is assumed the speed of light is a constant in all directions only in absolutely stationary, nongravitated reference frames, which is less restrictive than the assumption of universal speed of light in all inertial frames. A test is outlined with suggested equipment to measure the one-way speed of light simultaneously in three dimensions. Equations are provided to convert the results into the instantaneous directional velocity of the laboratory frame. It may take a few years to collect data to separate the Earth’s rotation, precession, nutation, polar wobble, Earth’s orbital velocity around the Earth-Sun and Earth-Moon barycenters, and the solar system’s movement due to the Milky Way’s rotation and translational velocity within the universe.},
year = {2017}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring Velocity of Moving Inertial Frames with Light Transmissions AU - Steven D. Deines Y1 - 2017/05/06 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.13 T2 - International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics JF - International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics JO - International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics SP - 56 EP - 60 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-5927 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.13 AB - Newton’s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy provided the foundation of classical physics. This paper reviews several of his critical definitions, his three axioms, key corollaries, and concept of inertial frames. Newton’s first axiom or law requires the vector addition of velocities by Corollary I to translate the equation of motion of a constantly moving body from one inertial frame to another inertial frame. His relativity principle in Corollary V is often expanded to mean that any equation retains the same form in all inertial frames. This is true if the equations involve only Newtonian forces, but equations that specify velocity need to include the mutual velocity between moving inertial frames to fully transform the results between all reference frames. The speed of light parameter must correctly incorporate the mutual velocity between moving inertial frames. It is assumed the speed of light is a constant in all directions only in absolutely stationary, nongravitated reference frames, which is less restrictive than the assumption of universal speed of light in all inertial frames. A test is outlined with suggested equipment to measure the one-way speed of light simultaneously in three dimensions. Equations are provided to convert the results into the instantaneous directional velocity of the laboratory frame. It may take a few years to collect data to separate the Earth’s rotation, precession, nutation, polar wobble, Earth’s orbital velocity around the Earth-Sun and Earth-Moon barycenters, and the solar system’s movement due to the Milky Way’s rotation and translational velocity within the universe. VL - 3 IS - 3 ER -
Information
Email: