Vector Addition of Light’s Velocity Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test

Steven D. Deines

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12

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Vector Addition of Light’s Velocity Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test

Steven D. Deines

Published in International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 21 August 2016 Accepted: 26 November 2016 Published: 6 May 2017

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Abstract

The equivalence between the constancy of light in all inertial, nongravitated frames and time dilation is derived in this paper. Length contraction is not part of this equivalence and is eliminated by Occam’s razor. The null result of the Mickelson-Morley experiment requires a different explanation for the same intensity of the recombination of split light beams as originally transmitted, especially in the perpendicular component. Vector addition of velocities applies to light’s behavior in both parallel and perpendicular components of the moving Mickelson-Morley and Kennedy-Thorndike experiments. If the one-way speed of light is not a universal constant in all directions for moving inertial frames, then the time dilation formula is incorrect. One must question any time dilation experiments, particularly the claims in the Hafele-Keating report, which contains several inaccuracies and data manipulation. Another time dilation experiment with better atomic clock and rigorous testing is warranted.

Published in	International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12
Page(s)	50-55
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Relativity, Light Speed, Time Dilation, Interferometer, Length Contraction

References

[1]	Deines, S. D., Dichotomy between length contraction and null results from all interferometer experiments, International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, 2, (1), (2016) p?
[2]	Brillet, A. and Hall, J. L. “Improved laser test of the isotropy of space” (1979) Phys. Rev. Lett., 42 (9), p. 549-552, Bibcode 1979PhRvL..42..549B. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 42. 549.
[3]	Herrmann, S., Senger, A., Möhle, K., Nagel, M., Kovalchuk, E. V. and Peters, A., “Rotating optical cavity experiment testing Lorentz invariance at the 10^-17 level” (2009) Phys. Rev. D., 80 (100):105011, arXiv: 1002.1284. Bibcode: 2009PhRvD..80j5011H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.80.105011.
[4]	Serway, R. A. and Jewett Jr., J. W., Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Cengage Learning (2014), p. 1196-1198.
[5]	Euclid, Elements, Book 1, proposition 47.
[6]	Young, H. D., Adams, P. W. and Chastain, R. J., Sears and Zemansky’s College Physics, Pearson (2016), 10^th ed., p. 872.
[7]	Hafele, J. C. and Keating, R. E., “Around-the-World Atomic Clocks: Predicted Relativistic Time Gains”, Science, (1972) 177, p. 166-177.
[8]	Pound, R. V.; Rebka Jr. G. A. "Gravitational Red-Shift in Nuclear Resonance". Physical Review Letters (November 1, 1959) 3 (9), p. 439–441.
[9]	Hafele, J. C., “Performance and Results of Portable Clocks in Aircraft”, Third Annual Department of Defense (DOD) Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Strategic Planning Meeting, 16-18 Nov 1971, Washington, DC, p. 261-288.
[10]	Kelly, A. G., “Hafele and Keating Tests: Did They Prove Anything?”, Physics Essays, (2000) 13, Issue 4, p. 616, DOI: 10.4006/1.3025451.
[11]	Kelly, A. G., Monograph No 3, The Institution of Engineers of Ireland (1996) ISBN 1-898012-22-9.
[12]	Essen, L., Creation Res. Society Quarterly, (1977) 14, p. 46.

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APA Style

Steven D. Deines. (2017). Vector Addition of Light’s Velocity Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, 3(3), 50-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12

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ACS Style

Steven D. Deines. Vector Addition of Light’s Velocity Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test. Int. J. Appl. Math. Theor. Phys. 2017, 3(3), 50-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12

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AMA Style

Steven D. Deines. Vector Addition of Light’s Velocity Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test. Int J Appl Math Theor Phys. 2017;3(3):50-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12,
  author = {Steven D. Deines},
  title = {Vector Addition of Light’s Velocity Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {50-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijamtp.20170303.12},
  abstract = {The equivalence between the constancy of light in all inertial, nongravitated frames and time dilation is derived in this paper. Length contraction is not part of this equivalence and is eliminated by Occam’s razor. The null result of the Mickelson-Morley experiment requires a different explanation for the same intensity of the recombination of split light beams as originally transmitted, especially in the perpendicular component. Vector addition of velocities applies to light’s behavior in both parallel and perpendicular components of the moving Mickelson-Morley and Kennedy-Thorndike experiments. If the one-way speed of light is not a universal constant in all directions for moving inertial frames, then the time dilation formula is incorrect. One must question any time dilation experiments, particularly the claims in the Hafele-Keating report, which contains several inaccuracies and data manipulation. Another time dilation experiment with better atomic clock and rigorous testing is warranted.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Vector Addition of Light’s Velocity Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test
AU  - Steven D. Deines
Y1  - 2017/05/06
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12
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AB  - The equivalence between the constancy of light in all inertial, nongravitated frames and time dilation is derived in this paper. Length contraction is not part of this equivalence and is eliminated by Occam’s razor. The null result of the Mickelson-Morley experiment requires a different explanation for the same intensity of the recombination of split light beams as originally transmitted, especially in the perpendicular component. Vector addition of velocities applies to light’s behavior in both parallel and perpendicular components of the moving Mickelson-Morley and Kennedy-Thorndike experiments. If the one-way speed of light is not a universal constant in all directions for moving inertial frames, then the time dilation formula is incorrect. One must question any time dilation experiments, particularly the claims in the Hafele-Keating report, which contains several inaccuracies and data manipulation. Another time dilation experiment with better atomic clock and rigorous testing is warranted.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Steven D. Deines

Donatech Corporation, Inc., Fairfield, USA

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APA Style

Steven D. Deines. (2017). Vector Addition of Light’s Velocity Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, 3(3), 50-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12

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ACS Style

Steven D. Deines. Vector Addition of Light’s Velocity Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test. Int. J. Appl. Math. Theor. Phys. 2017, 3(3), 50-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12

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AMA Style

Steven D. Deines. Vector Addition of Light’s Velocity Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test. Int J Appl Math Theor Phys. 2017;3(3):50-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12,
  author = {Steven D. Deines},
  title = {Vector Addition of Light’s Velocity Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {50-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijamtp.20170303.12},
  abstract = {The equivalence between the constancy of light in all inertial, nongravitated frames and time dilation is derived in this paper. Length contraction is not part of this equivalence and is eliminated by Occam’s razor. The null result of the Mickelson-Morley experiment requires a different explanation for the same intensity of the recombination of split light beams as originally transmitted, especially in the perpendicular component. Vector addition of velocities applies to light’s behavior in both parallel and perpendicular components of the moving Mickelson-Morley and Kennedy-Thorndike experiments. If the one-way speed of light is not a universal constant in all directions for moving inertial frames, then the time dilation formula is incorrect. One must question any time dilation experiments, particularly the claims in the Hafele-Keating report, which contains several inaccuracies and data manipulation. Another time dilation experiment with better atomic clock and rigorous testing is warranted.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Vector Addition of Light’s Velocity Versus the Hafele-Keating Time Dilation Test
AU  - Steven D. Deines
Y1  - 2017/05/06
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12
T2  - International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics
JF  - International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics
JO  - International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics
SP  - 50
EP  - 55
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijamtp.20170303.12
AB  - The equivalence between the constancy of light in all inertial, nongravitated frames and time dilation is derived in this paper. Length contraction is not part of this equivalence and is eliminated by Occam’s razor. The null result of the Mickelson-Morley experiment requires a different explanation for the same intensity of the recombination of split light beams as originally transmitted, especially in the perpendicular component. Vector addition of velocities applies to light’s behavior in both parallel and perpendicular components of the moving Mickelson-Morley and Kennedy-Thorndike experiments. If the one-way speed of light is not a universal constant in all directions for moving inertial frames, then the time dilation formula is incorrect. One must question any time dilation experiments, particularly the claims in the Hafele-Keating report, which contains several inaccuracies and data manipulation. Another time dilation experiment with better atomic clock and rigorous testing is warranted.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download