The Effects of <i>Sida corymbosa</i> Leaf Extract Against Abnormal Bilirubin and Total Protein in Albino Rats by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>)

Dike Charles Chijioke; Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka; Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima; Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso; Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika; Oguazu Chinenye Enoch; Eyeghre Onoriode Akpoghene; Asebioyo Sunday Jacob

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12

The Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf Extract Against Abnormal Bilirubin and Total Protein in Albino Rats by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄)

Dike Charles Chijioke, Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka, Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima, Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso, Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika, Oguazu Chinenye Enoch, Eyeghre Onoriode Akpoghene, Asebioyo Sunday Jacob

Published in Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 30 January 2020 Accepted: 13 February 2020 Published: 15 June 2020

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Abstract

The Sida corymbosa plant has been used for centuries in traditional medicine in different countries for prevention and treatment of different diseases such as liver and cardiac diseases. This work aimed at investigating if Sida corymbosa ethanolic leaf extract has preventive and therapeutic effects against abnormal serum bilirubin and total protein in Albino rats by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). This study took place at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State. The rats were grouped into those given 5000, 3000 and 1000 mg/kgbw of the extract before and after CCl₄ administration from 7 d to 28 d, those injected CCl₄ only which stayed from 7 d to 28 d and those without CCl₄ and extract. Male Albino rats weighing 170-190 g were used. Injection of CCl₄ (0.4 ml/kgbw i.p) was done using olive as vector before and after oral administration of the Sida corymbosa extract. Serum bilirubin was estimated using Powel’s method while serum total protein was estimated using the Biuret method. Results were analyzed statistically using SPSS statistical software version 21. Analysis done so far revealed that serum bilirubin of rats injected CCl₄ without extract administration (negative control) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than other groups, those administered 5000, 3000 and 1000 mg/kgbw of extract before and after CCl₄ injection and those without CCl₄ nor extract (positive control). The reverse was the case for serum total protein, suggesting protective and therapeutic potentials of the extract. Sida corymbosa ethanolic leaf extract may, therefore, has some protective and therapeutic effects against abnormal serum bilirubin and total protein synthesis in Albino rats by CCl₄ thereby improving the liver function.

Published in	Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12
Page(s)	39-44
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bilirubin level, Total Protein Determination, Administration of Sida corymbosa, Carbon Tetrachloride Administration

References

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[2]	Dike, C C., F. C. Ezeonu, H. C. C. Maduka, E. N. Ezeokafor C. E. Oguazu (2018). Hepatoprotective potentials of Sida corymbosa (Broom weed) ethanolic leaf extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in male Albino wistar rats. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7, 2166-2177.
[3]	Dike, C C, F. C. Ezeonu, H. C. C. Maduka, E. N. Ezeokafor (2018). Phytochemical and elemental analysis of Sida corymbosa (Broom weed or Wire weed) leaf and root extract. Chemical Science Journal 24, 1-9.
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[5]	Jamilar, M. H. (2014). Hibiscus sabdarriffa calyx extract alleviate hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride on male Albino rats. Nature Science 12, 111-120.
[6]	Nasir, A, M., G. R. A. Abubakar, A. Shehu, B. K (2018). Toge Hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Andrographics paniculat against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 21, 45-54.
[7]	Okonkwo, O. J. O., H. C. C. Maduka, C. C. Dike, S. O. Maduka, V. Oguaka, C. M. Iketuonye (2018). The effect of Dacroydes edulis (African Pear) pulp oil extract on serum lipid parameters in male Albino Wistar rats. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International 17, 1-8.
[8]	Kebe, E. O., U. Gabriel, C. Kelechi, O. I. Anozeng (2015). The effect of Sida acuta on glycogen profile of adult Wistar rat. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Sciences 4, 52-55.
[9]	Kelechi, C. U., E. O. Kebe, O. A. Amabe, U. Gabriel (2014). Extract of Sesamum indicum seeds on the glycogen profile of the liver of adult Wistar rats. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 4, 174-178.
[10]	Arici, O. F. and N. Cetin (2011). Protective role of ghrelin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- induced coagulation disturbances in rats. Regul Pept 166, 139-142.
[11]	Maduka, H. C. C., A. A. Maduka, C. U. Aguoru, A. Myke-Mbata, J. O. Ikwue, A. N. Okpogba, C. E. Ugwu, C. C. Dike, P. N. Ogueche, D. O. Ochalefu, U. Nath, J. Yakubu, E. Shatu (2017a). Phytochemical screening, spectrophtoometric determination of total carotenoids, chlorophyll a and b components of Crateva adansonii (Three-leaf Plant). Journal of Advances in.
[12]	Maduka, H. C. C., Ugwu C. E., Dike, C. C., Okpogba, A. N., Ogueche, P. N., Ali, M. S., Bakare, S. S. and Tino, J. (2017b). In vitro free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of Cateva adansonii (Three leaf plant). Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 15 (4): 1-8.
[13]	H. C. C. Maduka, E. I. Akubugwo, O. Olorunipe, Okpogba, A. N., Maduka, A. A., Ayuru, C. U., Ugwu, C. E., Dike, C. C. and Ogueche, P. N. (2016). Elemental composition and phytochemical screening of aqueous leaf extract and stem bark extract of Crateva adansonii. International Journal of Biochemistry Research and Review 10, 1-7.
[14]	H. C. C., Maduka, A. N. Okpogba, C. E. Ugwu, C. C. Dike, P. N. Ogueche, D. T. Onwuzurike, D. C. Ibe (2014). Phytochemical, antioxidant and microbial inhibitory effects of Spondias mombin leaf and stem bark extracts. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciencess 9, 14–17.
[15]	D. K. Pradhan, A. K. Panda, R. K. Behera, S. Jha, M. R. Mishra, A. Mishra, S. Chondhary (2013). Ethno medicinal and therapeutic potential of Sida acuta. International Research Journal of Pharmacy 4, 88-92.

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APA Style

Dike Charles Chijioke, Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka, Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima, Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso, Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika, et al. (2020). The Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf Extract Against Abnormal Bilirubin and Total Protein in Albino Rats by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4). Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants, 6(2), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12

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ACS Style

Dike Charles Chijioke; Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka; Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima; Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso; Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika, et al. The Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf Extract Against Abnormal Bilirubin and Total Protein in Albino Rats by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4). J. Dis. Med. Plants 2020, 6(2), 39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12

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AMA Style

Dike Charles Chijioke, Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka, Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima, Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso, Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika, et al. The Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf Extract Against Abnormal Bilirubin and Total Protein in Albino Rats by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4). J Dis Med Plants. 2020;6(2):39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12,
  author = {Dike Charles Chijioke and Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka and Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima and Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso and Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika and Oguazu Chinenye Enoch and Eyeghre Onoriode Akpoghene and Asebioyo Sunday Jacob},
  title = {The Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf Extract Against Abnormal Bilirubin and Total Protein in Albino Rats by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)},
  journal = {Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jdmp.20200602.12},
  abstract = {The Sida corymbosa plant has been used for centuries in traditional medicine in different countries for prevention and treatment of different diseases such as liver and cardiac diseases. This work aimed at investigating if Sida corymbosa ethanolic leaf extract has preventive and therapeutic effects against abnormal serum bilirubin and total protein in Albino rats by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This study took place at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State. The rats were grouped into those given 5000, 3000 and 1000 mg/kgbw of the extract before and after CCl4 administration from 7 d to 28 d, those injected CCl4 only which stayed from 7 d to 28 d and those without CCl4 and extract. Male Albino rats weighing 170-190 g were used. Injection of CCl4 (0.4 ml/kgbw i.p) was done using olive as vector before and after oral administration of the Sida corymbosa extract. Serum bilirubin was estimated using Powel’s method while serum total protein was estimated using the Biuret method. Results were analyzed statistically using SPSS statistical software version 21. Analysis done so far revealed that serum bilirubin of rats injected CCl4 without extract administration (negative control) was significantly higher (P4 injection and those without CCl4 nor extract (positive control). The reverse was the case for serum total protein, suggesting protective and therapeutic potentials of the extract. Sida corymbosa ethanolic leaf extract may, therefore, has some protective and therapeutic effects against abnormal serum bilirubin and total protein synthesis in Albino rats by CCl4 thereby improving the liver function.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf Extract Against Abnormal Bilirubin and Total Protein in Albino Rats by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)
AU  - Dike Charles Chijioke
AU  - Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka
AU  - Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima
AU  - Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso
AU  - Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika
AU  - Oguazu Chinenye Enoch
AU  - Eyeghre Onoriode Akpoghene
AU  - Asebioyo Sunday Jacob
Y1  - 2020/06/15
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12
T2  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JF  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JO  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
SP  - 39
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8210
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12
AB  - The Sida corymbosa plant has been used for centuries in traditional medicine in different countries for prevention and treatment of different diseases such as liver and cardiac diseases. This work aimed at investigating if Sida corymbosa ethanolic leaf extract has preventive and therapeutic effects against abnormal serum bilirubin and total protein in Albino rats by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This study took place at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State. The rats were grouped into those given 5000, 3000 and 1000 mg/kgbw of the extract before and after CCl4 administration from 7 d to 28 d, those injected CCl4 only which stayed from 7 d to 28 d and those without CCl4 and extract. Male Albino rats weighing 170-190 g were used. Injection of CCl4 (0.4 ml/kgbw i.p) was done using olive as vector before and after oral administration of the Sida corymbosa extract. Serum bilirubin was estimated using Powel’s method while serum total protein was estimated using the Biuret method. Results were analyzed statistically using SPSS statistical software version 21. Analysis done so far revealed that serum bilirubin of rats injected CCl4 without extract administration (negative control) was significantly higher (P4 injection and those without CCl4 nor extract (positive control). The reverse was the case for serum total protein, suggesting protective and therapeutic potentials of the extract. Sida corymbosa ethanolic leaf extract may, therefore, has some protective and therapeutic effects against abnormal serum bilirubin and total protein synthesis in Albino rats by CCl4 thereby improving the liver function.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Dike Charles Chijioke

Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka

Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima

Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso

Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika

Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Oguazu Chinenye Enoch

Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Eyeghre Onoriode Akpoghene

Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Asebioyo Sunday Jacob

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria

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APA Style

Dike Charles Chijioke, Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka, Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima, Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso, Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika, et al. (2020). The Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf Extract Against Abnormal Bilirubin and Total Protein in Albino Rats by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4). Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants, 6(2), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12

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ACS Style

Dike Charles Chijioke; Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka; Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima; Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso; Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika, et al. The Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf Extract Against Abnormal Bilirubin and Total Protein in Albino Rats by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4). J. Dis. Med. Plants 2020, 6(2), 39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12

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AMA Style

Dike Charles Chijioke, Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka, Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima, Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso, Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika, et al. The Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf Extract Against Abnormal Bilirubin and Total Protein in Albino Rats by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4). J Dis Med Plants. 2020;6(2):39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12,
  author = {Dike Charles Chijioke and Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka and Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima and Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso and Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika and Oguazu Chinenye Enoch and Eyeghre Onoriode Akpoghene and Asebioyo Sunday Jacob},
  title = {The Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf Extract Against Abnormal Bilirubin and Total Protein in Albino Rats by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)},
  journal = {Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {39-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jdmp.20200602.12},
  abstract = {The Sida corymbosa plant has been used for centuries in traditional medicine in different countries for prevention and treatment of different diseases such as liver and cardiac diseases. This work aimed at investigating if Sida corymbosa ethanolic leaf extract has preventive and therapeutic effects against abnormal serum bilirubin and total protein in Albino rats by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This study took place at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State. The rats were grouped into those given 5000, 3000 and 1000 mg/kgbw of the extract before and after CCl4 administration from 7 d to 28 d, those injected CCl4 only which stayed from 7 d to 28 d and those without CCl4 and extract. Male Albino rats weighing 170-190 g were used. Injection of CCl4 (0.4 ml/kgbw i.p) was done using olive as vector before and after oral administration of the Sida corymbosa extract. Serum bilirubin was estimated using Powel’s method while serum total protein was estimated using the Biuret method. Results were analyzed statistically using SPSS statistical software version 21. Analysis done so far revealed that serum bilirubin of rats injected CCl4 without extract administration (negative control) was significantly higher (P4 injection and those without CCl4 nor extract (positive control). The reverse was the case for serum total protein, suggesting protective and therapeutic potentials of the extract. Sida corymbosa ethanolic leaf extract may, therefore, has some protective and therapeutic effects against abnormal serum bilirubin and total protein synthesis in Albino rats by CCl4 thereby improving the liver function.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effects of Sida corymbosa Leaf Extract Against Abnormal Bilirubin and Total Protein in Albino Rats by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)
AU  - Dike Charles Chijioke
AU  - Ezeonu Francis Chukwuemeka
AU  - Maduka Hugh Clifford Chima
AU  - Ezeokafor Emmanuel Nonso
AU  - Okpogba Aloysius Ngozika
AU  - Oguazu Chinenye Enoch
AU  - Eyeghre Onoriode Akpoghene
AU  - Asebioyo Sunday Jacob
Y1  - 2020/06/15
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12
T2  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JF  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
JO  - Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants
SP  - 39
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8210
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jdmp.20200602.12
AB  - The Sida corymbosa plant has been used for centuries in traditional medicine in different countries for prevention and treatment of different diseases such as liver and cardiac diseases. This work aimed at investigating if Sida corymbosa ethanolic leaf extract has preventive and therapeutic effects against abnormal serum bilirubin and total protein in Albino rats by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This study took place at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State. The rats were grouped into those given 5000, 3000 and 1000 mg/kgbw of the extract before and after CCl4 administration from 7 d to 28 d, those injected CCl4 only which stayed from 7 d to 28 d and those without CCl4 and extract. Male Albino rats weighing 170-190 g were used. Injection of CCl4 (0.4 ml/kgbw i.p) was done using olive as vector before and after oral administration of the Sida corymbosa extract. Serum bilirubin was estimated using Powel’s method while serum total protein was estimated using the Biuret method. Results were analyzed statistically using SPSS statistical software version 21. Analysis done so far revealed that serum bilirubin of rats injected CCl4 without extract administration (negative control) was significantly higher (P4 injection and those without CCl4 nor extract (positive control). The reverse was the case for serum total protein, suggesting protective and therapeutic potentials of the extract. Sida corymbosa ethanolic leaf extract may, therefore, has some protective and therapeutic effects against abnormal serum bilirubin and total protein synthesis in Albino rats by CCl4 thereby improving the liver function.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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