American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology

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Effects of Coconut Husk and Corn Cob as Fillers in Flexible Polyurethane Foam

Received: 01 May 2017    Accepted: 28 June 2017    Published: 25 July 2017
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Abstract

The effects of local materials as fillers incorporated into the flexible polyether foam recipes were investigated. The fillers; coconut husk and corn cob of mesh sizes of 150 µm respectively were mixed in the ratio of 50:50. Varying percentages of the mixed fillers, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% were mixed with polyether foam recipes in the appropriate formulations and physico-mechanical tests were carried out on the samples. Density and compression set showed an increasing trend with increase in the filler. Elongation at break and tensile strength showed a decrease in the value as the filler load was increasing. Hardness showed a slight random variation in the value as the filler load increased. Thermal conductivity also showed a decrease in its value as the filler load increased that means it can serve as a fire retardant. All these properties were compared to a controlled sample (sample without filler). These fillers can be used in the production of polyurethane foams since they are organic materials, thus they can enhance the biodegradability of polyurethane products and be use also as flame retardants.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.12
Published in American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology (Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2017)
Page(s) 64-69
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Coconut Husk, Corn Cob, Polyether Foam, Mechanical Properties

References
[1] Noah B. (2007) “Foam Polyurethane Technology: Paper presented at Lagos State University (Epe-campus) Nigeria, Pp 61-184.
[2] Billmeyer, Jnr. F. W. (2005); Textbook of Polymer Science; 3rd edition, John Wiley andSons, Toronto, p.447.
[3] Saliba CC, Oréfice RL, Carneiro JRG, Duarte AK, Schneider WT, Fernandes MRF. Effect of the incorporation of a novel natural inorganic short fiber on the properties of polyurethane composites. Polym. Test. 2005; 24 (7): 819-824.
[4] Bartczak Z, Argon AS, Cohen RE, Weinberg M. Toughness mechanism in semi- crystalline polymer blends: II. High-density polyethylene toughened with calcium carbonate filler particles. Polymer 1999; 40 9): 2347-2365.
[5] Callister WD. Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction. 5th edition New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2000.
[6] Nunes RCR, Fonseca JLC, Pereira MR. Polymer-filler interactions and mechanical properties of a polyurethane elastomer. Polym. Test. 2000; 19 (1): 93-103.
[7] Barma P, Rhodes MB, Salovey R. Mechanical properties of particulate-filled polyurethane foams. J. Appl. Phys. 1978; 49 (10): 4985-4991.
[8] Yeh, S. K. and Gupta, R. K. (2008); Improved Wood Plastic Composites through better processing. Composites: Part A. 39, 1694-1699.
[9] Bhatnager M. S. (2011); Text Book of Polymers; Chand Company Ltd., Ramnagar, New Delhi, Pp. 61-107, 96-201.
[10] Onuegbu T. U., Obianuko, N., Mbachu G. U. and Iloamaeke, I. M. (2010); The Effect of Animal Waste (Goat femur) as Filler in Flexible Polyether Foam. Journal of Basic Physical Research 1 (1): 5-8.
[11] Brain, J. (2009); “Polyurethane chemical and calculation” Inter-bur Publishers. London, Pp. 20-57.
[12] R. Gayathri, R., Vasanthakumari, R. and Padmanabhan, C. (2013); Sound absorption, Thermal and Mechanical behavior of Polyurethane foam modified with Nano silica, Nano clay and Crumb rubber fillers. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 4 (5): 301-308.
[13] Dalen, N. B., Ibrahim, A. Q., Adamu, H. M. and Nurudeen, A. A. (2014); Effects of CaC03 and Kaolin Filler Loadings on Curing Rates of Polyurethane Foams, International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Diamond Print, Lagos.4 (6): Pp 691-709.
[14] Ruijun, G. Mohini, M. S and Samir, K. K. (2013); A Feasibility Study of Polyurethane Composite Foam with Added Hardwood Pulp, Industrial Crops and Products. Checkmate Press, New York; 42 (2). Pp 273-279.
[15] Marcelo, A., Alvaro, C. and Jose, I. V. (2011); Esparto Wool as Reinforcement in Hybrid Polyurethane Composite Foams Industrial Crops and Products. Dove Publishers. Texas. 34 (3): 1641-1648.
Author Information
  • Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry, Federal College of Education Technical, Umunze, Nigeria

  • Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

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    Pauline Uchechukwu Chris-Okafor, Arinze Rose Mary Uchechukwu, Joy Nwando Nwokoye, Ernest Umar Ukpai. (2017). Effects of Coconut Husk and Corn Cob as Fillers in Flexible Polyurethane Foam. American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 3(4), 64-69. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.12

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    Pauline Uchechukwu Chris-Okafor; Arinze Rose Mary Uchechukwu; Joy Nwando Nwokoye; Ernest Umar Ukpai. Effects of Coconut Husk and Corn Cob as Fillers in Flexible Polyurethane Foam. Am. J. Polym. Sci. Technol. 2017, 3(4), 64-69. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.12

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    AMA Style

    Pauline Uchechukwu Chris-Okafor, Arinze Rose Mary Uchechukwu, Joy Nwando Nwokoye, Ernest Umar Ukpai. Effects of Coconut Husk and Corn Cob as Fillers in Flexible Polyurethane Foam. Am J Polym Sci Technol. 2017;3(4):64-69. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.12,
      author = {Pauline Uchechukwu Chris-Okafor and Arinze Rose Mary Uchechukwu and Joy Nwando Nwokoye and Ernest Umar Ukpai},
      title = {Effects of Coconut Husk and Corn Cob as Fillers in Flexible Polyurethane Foam},
      journal = {American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology},
      volume = {3},
      number = {4},
      pages = {64-69},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpst.20170304.12},
      abstract = {The effects of local materials as fillers incorporated into the flexible polyether foam recipes were investigated. The fillers; coconut husk and corn cob of mesh sizes of 150 µm respectively were mixed in the ratio of 50:50. Varying percentages of the mixed fillers, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% were mixed with polyether foam recipes in the appropriate formulations and physico-mechanical tests were carried out on the samples. Density and compression set showed an increasing trend with increase in the filler. Elongation at break and tensile strength showed a decrease in the value as the filler load was increasing. Hardness showed a slight random variation in the value as the filler load increased. Thermal conductivity also showed a decrease in its value as the filler load increased that means it can serve as a fire retardant. All these properties were compared to a controlled sample (sample without filler). These fillers can be used in the production of polyurethane foams since they are organic materials, thus they can enhance the biodegradability of polyurethane products and be use also as flame retardants.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effects of Coconut Husk and Corn Cob as Fillers in Flexible Polyurethane Foam
    AU  - Pauline Uchechukwu Chris-Okafor
    AU  - Arinze Rose Mary Uchechukwu
    AU  - Joy Nwando Nwokoye
    AU  - Ernest Umar Ukpai
    Y1  - 2017/07/25
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.12
    T2  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
    JF  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
    JO  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
    SP  - 64
    EP  - 69
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5986
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.12
    AB  - The effects of local materials as fillers incorporated into the flexible polyether foam recipes were investigated. The fillers; coconut husk and corn cob of mesh sizes of 150 µm respectively were mixed in the ratio of 50:50. Varying percentages of the mixed fillers, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% were mixed with polyether foam recipes in the appropriate formulations and physico-mechanical tests were carried out on the samples. Density and compression set showed an increasing trend with increase in the filler. Elongation at break and tensile strength showed a decrease in the value as the filler load was increasing. Hardness showed a slight random variation in the value as the filler load increased. Thermal conductivity also showed a decrease in its value as the filler load increased that means it can serve as a fire retardant. All these properties were compared to a controlled sample (sample without filler). These fillers can be used in the production of polyurethane foams since they are organic materials, thus they can enhance the biodegradability of polyurethane products and be use also as flame retardants.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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