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Effect of Untreated Water Flow Rate at Certain Temperature on the Discharge of Treated Water

Received: 22 November 2018    Accepted: 19 March 2019    Published: 26 April 2019
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Abstract

The origin and continuation of mankind is based on water. Water is one of the most abundant resources on earth, covering three-fourths of the planet’s surface. Water is one of the earth’s most abundant resources, covering about three-quarters of the planet’s surface. The reason for this apparent contradiction is, of course, that - 97.5% of the earth’s water is salt water in the oceans and only 2.5% is fresh water in ground water, lakes and rivers and this supplies most human and animal needs. It would be feasible to address the water-shortage problem with seawater desalination; however, the separation of salts from seawater requires large amounts of energy which, when produced from fossil fuels, can cause harm to the environment. The discharge from desalination plants is almost entirely water, and .01 percent is salt. Desalination is a process that extracts minerals from saline water. Solar-powered desalination technologies can be used to treat non-traditional water sources to increase water supplies in rural, arid areas. Water is the basis of life, the origin of human endurance, and the prime material base to guarantee the economy significant development of a country. This solar desalination technique explains the diminutive and extensive-period feasibility of via solar energy as a system to influence desalination. Seawater and briny water were considered, as well as liquid waste. This protocol summarizes that solar desalination expenditure remains lower to exchange saline water into clean water. Water scarceness is a rising dilemma for large regions of the world. Access to safe, fresh and pure clean drinking water is one of the most important and prime troubles in different parts of the world. Among many of water cleansing technologies solar desalination/distillation/purification is one of the most sustainable and striking method engaged to congregate the supply of clean and pure drinkable water in remote areas at a very sound cost. Six types of dripper having discharge 3 - 8 lh-1 were installed one by one and measured discharge and volume of clean water indicated that at 6 lh-1 untreated water discharge have maximum evaporation and volume of clean water was 19.2 lh-1 at same temperature and radiations. Now strategy was developed that when increased the temperature the intake discharge of untreated water must be increased and salt drained water two times more than treated water.

Published in International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20190501.12
Page(s) 8-11
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Solar Desalination Panels, Reverse Osmosis, Brackish Water and Desalinized Water

References
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[5] Kulkarni H., Mihir S., Shankar P. S. V., 2015. Shaping the contours of groundwater governance in India. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 4; 172-192.
[6] Sinton LW, CH Hall, PA Lynch, RJ Davies Colley, 2002. Sunlight inactivation of fecal indicator bacteria and bacteriophages from waste stabilization pond effluent in fresh and saline waters. Appl Environ Microbiol 68: 1122-1131.
[7] Hal Crow, 2007. Supporting Public Resource Management in Balochistan. Basin-wide Water Resources Availability and use. Asian Development Bank: Supporting Public Resource Management in Balochistan.
[8] Li Y. and K. Tian, 2009. Application of vacuum membrane distillation in water treatment. Journal of Sustainable Development 2 (3): 183–186.
[9] Abraham T. and A. Luthra, 2011. Socio-economic and technical assessment of photovoltaic powered membrane desalination processes for India. Desalination. 268 (1–3): 238–248.
[10] Pangarkar B. L., P. V. Thorat, S. B. Parjane, and R. M. Abhang, 2010. Performance evaluation of vacuum membrane distillation for desalination by using a flat sheet membrane. Desalination and Water Treatment 21 (1-3): 328–334.
[11] Brutsaert, 2005. Wilfried, Hydrology: An Introduction. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. Print.
[12] Mackun, P. J., S. Wilson, T. R. Fischetti, and J. Goworowska, 2011. Population Distribution and Change: 2000 to 2010. Washington, D. C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, Print.
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[15] Bouchekima, 2003. Solar desalination plant for small size use in remote arid areas of South Algeria for the production of drinking water. Desalination 156 (1-3); 353-354.
[16] Saidur, R., Elcevvadi, E. T., Mekhilef, S., Safari, A. and Mohammed, H. A. 2011. An overview of different distillation methods for small scale applications. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 15: 4756–4764.
[17] Muhammad A. U., A. Ali., M. Aslam. and Khizer H. K. 2018. Brackish water desalination using solar desalinationpannel. Curr. Inves. Agri. Curr. Res. 3 (1); 1-5.
[18] Dev Rahul and Tiwari GN, 2009. Characteristic equation of a passive solar still. Desalination 245 (1-3): 246-265.
[19] Ullah M. A., A.. Ali, M. Aslam and Khizer H. K, 2018. Effect of Temperature and Intake Flow Rate on the discharge of treated water during whole year. Int. J. of Res. Studies in Biosci. 6 (4); 14-17.
[20] Ullah M. A., A. Ali, M. Aslam A. Ullah and B. Lal, 2018. Reclamation of saline water through solar desalinization process under Arid/Semi-Arid of Thar at Umerkot District, Sindh, Pakistan. Int. J. of Advanced Res. in Chemical Sci. 5 (5); 1-7.
[21] Ullah M. A., A. Ali, M. Aslam A. Ullah and S. H. Ullah, 2018. Conversion of brackish water with solar desalinization technique in coastal belt of Lasbella Gadhani, Balochistan, Pakistan”. Acta Scientific Nutritional Health 2 (7); 64-68.
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  • APA Style

    Muhammad Arshad Ullah, Muhammad Aslam, Raheel Babar. (2019). Effect of Untreated Water Flow Rate at Certain Temperature on the Discharge of Treated Water. International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines, 5(1), 8-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20190501.12

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    ACS Style

    Muhammad Arshad Ullah; Muhammad Aslam; Raheel Babar. Effect of Untreated Water Flow Rate at Certain Temperature on the Discharge of Treated Water. Int. J. Homeopathy Nat. Med. 2019, 5(1), 8-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20190501.12

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    AMA Style

    Muhammad Arshad Ullah, Muhammad Aslam, Raheel Babar. Effect of Untreated Water Flow Rate at Certain Temperature on the Discharge of Treated Water. Int J Homeopathy Nat Med. 2019;5(1):8-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20190501.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijhnm.20190501.12,
      author = {Muhammad Arshad Ullah and Muhammad Aslam and Raheel Babar},
      title = {Effect of Untreated Water Flow Rate at Certain Temperature on the Discharge of Treated Water},
      journal = {International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines},
      volume = {5},
      number = {1},
      pages = {8-11},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijhnm.20190501.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20190501.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhnm.20190501.12},
      abstract = {The origin and continuation of mankind is based on water. Water is one of the most abundant resources on earth, covering three-fourths of the planet’s surface. Water is one of the earth’s most abundant resources, covering about three-quarters of the planet’s surface. The reason for this apparent contradiction is, of course, that - 97.5% of the earth’s water is salt water in the oceans and only 2.5% is fresh water in ground water, lakes and rivers and this supplies most human and animal needs. It would be feasible to address the water-shortage problem with seawater desalination; however, the separation of salts from seawater requires large amounts of energy which, when produced from fossil fuels, can cause harm to the environment. The discharge from desalination plants is almost entirely water, and .01 percent is salt. Desalination is a process that extracts minerals from saline water. Solar-powered desalination technologies can be used to treat non-traditional water sources to increase water supplies in rural, arid areas. Water is the basis of life, the origin of human endurance, and the prime material base to guarantee the economy significant development of a country. This solar desalination technique explains the diminutive and extensive-period feasibility of via solar energy as a system to influence desalination. Seawater and briny water were considered, as well as liquid waste. This protocol summarizes that solar desalination expenditure remains lower to exchange saline water into clean water. Water scarceness is a rising dilemma for large regions of the world. Access to safe, fresh and pure clean drinking water is one of the most important and prime troubles in different parts of the world. Among many of water cleansing technologies solar desalination/distillation/purification is one of the most sustainable and striking method engaged to congregate the supply of clean and pure drinkable water in remote areas at a very sound cost. Six types of dripper having discharge 3 - 8 lh-1 were installed one by one and measured discharge and volume of clean water indicated that at 6 lh-1 untreated water discharge have maximum evaporation and volume of clean water was 19.2 lh-1 at same temperature and radiations. Now strategy was developed that when increased the temperature the intake discharge of untreated water must be increased and salt drained water two times more than treated water.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effect of Untreated Water Flow Rate at Certain Temperature on the Discharge of Treated Water
    AU  - Muhammad Arshad Ullah
    AU  - Muhammad Aslam
    AU  - Raheel Babar
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20190501.12
    T2  - International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines
    JF  - International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines
    JO  - International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2472-2316
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20190501.12
    AB  - The origin and continuation of mankind is based on water. Water is one of the most abundant resources on earth, covering three-fourths of the planet’s surface. Water is one of the earth’s most abundant resources, covering about three-quarters of the planet’s surface. The reason for this apparent contradiction is, of course, that - 97.5% of the earth’s water is salt water in the oceans and only 2.5% is fresh water in ground water, lakes and rivers and this supplies most human and animal needs. It would be feasible to address the water-shortage problem with seawater desalination; however, the separation of salts from seawater requires large amounts of energy which, when produced from fossil fuels, can cause harm to the environment. The discharge from desalination plants is almost entirely water, and .01 percent is salt. Desalination is a process that extracts minerals from saline water. Solar-powered desalination technologies can be used to treat non-traditional water sources to increase water supplies in rural, arid areas. Water is the basis of life, the origin of human endurance, and the prime material base to guarantee the economy significant development of a country. This solar desalination technique explains the diminutive and extensive-period feasibility of via solar energy as a system to influence desalination. Seawater and briny water were considered, as well as liquid waste. This protocol summarizes that solar desalination expenditure remains lower to exchange saline water into clean water. Water scarceness is a rising dilemma for large regions of the world. Access to safe, fresh and pure clean drinking water is one of the most important and prime troubles in different parts of the world. Among many of water cleansing technologies solar desalination/distillation/purification is one of the most sustainable and striking method engaged to congregate the supply of clean and pure drinkable water in remote areas at a very sound cost. Six types of dripper having discharge 3 - 8 lh-1 were installed one by one and measured discharge and volume of clean water indicated that at 6 lh-1 untreated water discharge have maximum evaporation and volume of clean water was 19.2 lh-1 at same temperature and radiations. Now strategy was developed that when increased the temperature the intake discharge of untreated water must be increased and salt drained water two times more than treated water.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan

  • Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan

  • Forestry, Range, Watershed and Wildlife Management, Baluchistan Agriculture College, Quetta, Pakistan

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