Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction of a Bus Model

Eyad Amen Mohamed; Muhammad Naeem Radhwi; Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16

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Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction of a Bus Model

Eyad Amen Mohamed, Muhammad Naeem Radhwi, Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad

Received: 29 September 2014 Accepted: 5 October 2014 Published: 16 October 2014

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Abstract

It is well-known that buses comprise an important part of mass transportation and that there are many types of buses. At present, the bus transportation is cheaper and easier to use than other means of transportation. However, buses have some disadvantages such as air pollution due to engine exhaust. This study is an attempt to reduce the gas emissions from buses by reducing the aerodynamic drag. Several ideas were applied to achieve this goal including slight modification of the outer shape of the bus. Thus, six different cases were investigated. A computational model was developed to conduct this study. It was found that reduction in aerodynamic drag up to 14% can be reached, which corresponds to 8.4 % reduction in fuel consumption. Also, Neuro-Fuzzy technique was used to predict the aerodynamic drag of the bus in different cases.

DOI	10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16
Published in	American Journal of Aerospace Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 1-1, January 2015) This article belongs to the Special Issue Hands-on Learning Technique for Multidisciplinary Engineering Education
Page(s)	64-73
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Computational Investigation, Aerodynamic Characteristics, Drag Reduction, Bus Model

References

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[3]	C. Diebler and M. Smith, ""A Ground-Based Research Vehicle for Base Drag Studies at Subsonic Speeds"", Technical Report: NASA/TM-2002-210737, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, November 2002.
[4]	A. K. M. Yamin, ""Aerodynamic Study of a Coach Using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Technique"", M.Sc. in Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Coventry University, August 2006.
[5]	A. A. Abdel Aziz, and A. F. Abdel Gawad, “Aerodynamic and Heat Transfer Characteristics around Vehicles with Different Front Shapes in Driving Tunnels,” Proceedings of Eighth International Congress of Fluid Dynamics & Propulsion (ICFDP 8), December 14-17, 2006, Sharm El-Shiekh, Sinai, Egypt.
[6]	D. G. François, J. S. Delnero, J. Colman, Di Leo J. Marañón and M. E. Camocardi, ""Experimental determination of Stationary Aerodynamics loads on a double deck Bus"", 11th Americas Conference on Wind Engineering, San Juan, Puerto Rico, June 22-26, 2009.
[7]	M. M. Yelmule and S. R. Kale, ’’Aerodynamics of a Bus with Open Windows’’, Int. J. Heavy Vehicle Systems, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2009.
[8]	Z. Mohamed-Kassim, A. Filippone, ""Fuel savings on a heavy vehicle via aerodynamic drag reduction"", Transportation Research Part D 15, 275-284, 2010.
[9]	C. N. Patil, K.S. Shashishekar, A. K. Balasubramanian, and S. V. Subbaramaiah, ""Aerodynamic Study and Drag Coefficient Optimization of Passenger Vehicle"", International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 1, Issue 7, September-2012.
[10]	Bob Lloyd, ""Dissecting the Basic Fuel Consumption Equation into Its Components to Improve Adaptability to Changing Vehicle Characteristics"", 25th ARRB Conference-Shaping the Future: Linking Policy, Research and Outcomes, Perth, Australia, 2012.
[11]	I. M. Berry, ""The Effects of Driving Style and Vehicle Performance on the Real-World Fuel Consumption of U.S. Light-Duty Vehicles"", M.Sc. Mechanical Engineering and M.Sc. Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2010.
[12]	Fluent guide manual, (2011).
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[15]	J. Patten, B. McAuliffe, W. Mayda, and B. Tanguay, ‘’Review of Aerodynamic Drag Reduction Devices for Heavy Trucks and Buses’’ NRC-CNRC Technical Report, Canada, 2012.
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[17]	A. F. Abdel Gawad, “Computational and Neuro-Fuzzy Study of the Effect of Small Objects on the Flow and Thermal Fields of Bluff Bodies,” Proceedings of 8th Biennial ASME conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis (ESDA2006), July 4-7, 2006, Torino, Italy. "

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APA Style

Eyad Amen Mohamed, Muhammad Naeem Radhwi, Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad. (2014). Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction of a Bus Model. American Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2(1-1), 64-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16

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ACS Style

Eyad Amen Mohamed; Muhammad Naeem Radhwi; Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad. Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction of a Bus Model. Am. J. Aerosp. Eng. 2014, 2(1-1), 64-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16

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AMA Style

Eyad Amen Mohamed, Muhammad Naeem Radhwi, Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad. Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction of a Bus Model. Am J Aerosp Eng. 2014;2(1-1):64-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16,
  author = {Eyad Amen Mohamed and Muhammad Naeem Radhwi and Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad},
  title = {Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction of a Bus Model},
  journal = {American Journal of Aerospace Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1-1},
  pages = {64-73},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajae.s.2015020101.16},
  abstract = {It is well-known that buses comprise an important part of mass transportation and that there are many types of buses. At present, the bus transportation is cheaper and easier to use than other means of transportation. However, buses have some disadvantages such as air pollution due to engine exhaust. This study is an attempt to reduce the gas emissions from buses by reducing the aerodynamic drag. Several ideas were applied to achieve this goal including slight modification of the outer shape of the bus. Thus, six different cases were investigated. A computational model was developed to conduct this study. It was found that reduction in aerodynamic drag up to 14% can be reached, which corresponds to 8.4 % reduction in fuel consumption. Also, Neuro-Fuzzy technique was used to predict the aerodynamic drag of the bus in different cases.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction of a Bus Model
AU  - Eyad Amen Mohamed
AU  - Muhammad Naeem Radhwi
AU  - Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad
Y1  - 2014/10/16
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16
T2  - American Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Aerospace Engineering
SP  - 64
EP  - 73
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-4821
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16
AB  - It is well-known that buses comprise an important part of mass transportation and that there are many types of buses. At present, the bus transportation is cheaper and easier to use than other means of transportation. However, buses have some disadvantages such as air pollution due to engine exhaust. This study is an attempt to reduce the gas emissions from buses by reducing the aerodynamic drag. Several ideas were applied to achieve this goal including slight modification of the outer shape of the bus. Thus, six different cases were investigated. A computational model was developed to conduct this study. It was found that reduction in aerodynamic drag up to 14% can be reached, which corresponds to 8.4 % reduction in fuel consumption. Also, Neuro-Fuzzy technique was used to predict the aerodynamic drag of the bus in different cases.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1-1
ER  -

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Author Information

Eyad Amen Mohamed

Mech. Eng. Dept., College of Eng. & Islamic Archit., Umm Al-Qura Univ., Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Naeem Radhwi

Mech. Eng. Dept., College of Eng. & Islamic Archit., Umm Al-Qura Univ., Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad

Mech. Eng. Dept., College of Eng. & Islamic Archit., Umm Al-Qura Univ., Makkah, Saudi Arabia

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APA Style

Eyad Amen Mohamed, Muhammad Naeem Radhwi, Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad. (2014). Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction of a Bus Model. American Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2(1-1), 64-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16

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ACS Style

Eyad Amen Mohamed; Muhammad Naeem Radhwi; Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad. Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction of a Bus Model. Am. J. Aerosp. Eng. 2014, 2(1-1), 64-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16

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AMA Style

Eyad Amen Mohamed, Muhammad Naeem Radhwi, Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad. Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction of a Bus Model. Am J Aerosp Eng. 2014;2(1-1):64-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16,
  author = {Eyad Amen Mohamed and Muhammad Naeem Radhwi and Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad},
  title = {Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction of a Bus Model},
  journal = {American Journal of Aerospace Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1-1},
  pages = {64-73},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajae.s.2015020101.16},
  abstract = {It is well-known that buses comprise an important part of mass transportation and that there are many types of buses. At present, the bus transportation is cheaper and easier to use than other means of transportation. However, buses have some disadvantages such as air pollution due to engine exhaust. This study is an attempt to reduce the gas emissions from buses by reducing the aerodynamic drag. Several ideas were applied to achieve this goal including slight modification of the outer shape of the bus. Thus, six different cases were investigated. A computational model was developed to conduct this study. It was found that reduction in aerodynamic drag up to 14% can be reached, which corresponds to 8.4 % reduction in fuel consumption. Also, Neuro-Fuzzy technique was used to predict the aerodynamic drag of the bus in different cases.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Computational Investigation of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction of a Bus Model
AU  - Eyad Amen Mohamed
AU  - Muhammad Naeem Radhwi
AU  - Ahmed Farouk AbdelGawad
Y1  - 2014/10/16
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16
T2  - American Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Aerospace Engineering
SP  - 64
EP  - 73
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-4821
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajae.s.2015020101.16
AB  - It is well-known that buses comprise an important part of mass transportation and that there are many types of buses. At present, the bus transportation is cheaper and easier to use than other means of transportation. However, buses have some disadvantages such as air pollution due to engine exhaust. This study is an attempt to reduce the gas emissions from buses by reducing the aerodynamic drag. Several ideas were applied to achieve this goal including slight modification of the outer shape of the bus. Thus, six different cases were investigated. A computational model was developed to conduct this study. It was found that reduction in aerodynamic drag up to 14% can be reached, which corresponds to 8.4 % reduction in fuel consumption. Also, Neuro-Fuzzy technique was used to predict the aerodynamic drag of the bus in different cases.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1-1
ER  -

Copy | Download