American Journal of Aerospace Engineering

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Effect of Red Mud Particles on Scratch Resistance of Aluminum Based Metal Matrix Composites

Received: 19 January 2018    Accepted: 03 February 2018    Published: 28 February 2018
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Abstract

Light weight structures reflect the most predictable aspects which are correlated with commercial usage in various applications where enhancing strength with lesser weight makes them measurable. Metals like aluminum with variety of grades acts as matrix to access the minute particles exhibits huge benefits once made by most convenient techniques to term them as metal matrix conjugates. Red mud emerges as the major waste material during production of alumina from bauxite by the Bayer’s process. It comprises of oxides of iron, titanium, aluminium and silica long with some other minor constituents. Based on economics as well as environmental related issues, enormous efforts have been directed worldwide towards red mud management issues i.e. of utilization, storage and disposal. Different avenues of red mud utilization are more or less known but none of them have so far proved to be economically viable. Hardness property is improved remarkably by introducing hard intermetallic compound into the aluminium matrix. Thereinforcing materials are generally contain Silicon carbide, alumina as constituents which are costly to inculcate as a major part so that introducing this composition in aluminium matrix leads to property enhancement for the prepared metal matrix composites. Keeping this aspect in mind the present research aim is to explore the use of red mud as a reinforcing material which contains the above said composition as well as low cost option when used with aluminium. Samples are prepared by stir casting technique. Castings are cut, turned and shaped into the required size to prepare the specimens for evaluation of hardness number of samples. It is observed that the inclusion of the red mud is drastically affecting the hardness factor of the composites. The increase of the red mud composite weight percentage has decreased the hardness indicating the formability of the material.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajae.20180501.14
Published in American Journal of Aerospace Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 1, June 2018)
Page(s) 24-29
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Red-mud Composites, Al2O3/Al Light Weight Structures, Advanced MMC’s

References
[1] Karl Ulrich Kainer., "Basic of Metal Matrix Composites", Copyright © 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
[2] Mr. Saravanan, C., Mr. Subramanian, K., Mr. Ananda K., V. And Mr. Sankara N., R. "Effect Of Particulate Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite –A Review", Mechanics And Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 1 (2015), pp 23.
[3] Mr. Shaikshavali G., Dr. VenugopalGoud E., Mr. Murali Mohan M. "Mechanical Properties Of Al6061 Based Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced With Ceramic Particulates And Effect Of Age Hardening On Its Tensile Characteristics" International Journal Of Engineering Research And General Science Volume 4, Issue 2, (March- April, 2016).
[4] Mr. Jay P. Shirsat, Mr. A. K. Virkunwar., "Study Of Metal Matrix Composites of Automobile Brakes", International Journal On Recent And Innovation Trends in Computing And Communication, Volume: 4 Issue: 4., pp 100-104.
[5] Lokesh KS et al, "Influence of Graphene on Hardness Number of Aluminium-7075 Based Metal Matrix Composites", Volume. 2 Issue. 12, December- 2017, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT), www.ijisrt.com, ISSN - 2456-2165, PP:-285-289.
[6] Jithin Jose, P. Muthu., "Studies On Mechanical And Tribological Properties Of Aluminum Based Metal Matrix Composites – A Review", International Journal Of Advance Engineering And Research Development, Volume 2, Issue 11, Nov-2015.
[7] Dr. P. V. Krupakara, H. R. Ravikumar, "Corrosion Characterization Of Aluminium 6061 / Red Mud Metal Matrix Composites In Sea Water" International Journal Of Advanced Research In Chemical Science (IJARCS), Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2015, PP 52-55.
[8] P. V. Krupakara,"CorrosionCharacterization of Al6061/Red MudMetalMatrix Composites" PortugaliaeElectrochimicaActa 2013, 31(3), 157-164.
[9] Neelima Devi Chinta, N. Selvaraj, V. Mahesh., "Characterization Of Aluminium-Red Mud Tungsten Carbide Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite", International Conference On Electrical, Electronics, And Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT)-2016.
[10] KS Lokesh, T Pinto, SM Ravi - Evaluation, 2017, Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Wear Characterization of Polymer Composites under Varying Temperature Conditions: A Review, International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems (IJEAIS) ISSN: 2000-000X, Vol. 1 Issue 4, June– 2017, Pages: 64-68.
Author Information
  • Mechanical Department, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru, India

  • Mechanical Department, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru, India

  • Mechanical Department, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru, India

  • Mechanical Department, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru, India

  • Mechanical Department, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru, India

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  • APA Style

    Lokesh K. S., Bandu Ummaji, Gururaj P., K. Rayappa, Yashavantha J. (2018). Effect of Red Mud Particles on Scratch Resistance of Aluminum Based Metal Matrix Composites. American Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 5(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajae.20180501.14

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    ACS Style

    Lokesh K. S.; Bandu Ummaji; Gururaj P.; K. Rayappa; Yashavantha J. Effect of Red Mud Particles on Scratch Resistance of Aluminum Based Metal Matrix Composites. Am. J. Aerosp. Eng. 2018, 5(1), 24-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ajae.20180501.14

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    AMA Style

    Lokesh K. S., Bandu Ummaji, Gururaj P., K. Rayappa, Yashavantha J. Effect of Red Mud Particles on Scratch Resistance of Aluminum Based Metal Matrix Composites. Am J Aerosp Eng. 2018;5(1):24-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ajae.20180501.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajae.20180501.14,
      author = {Lokesh K. S. and Bandu Ummaji and Gururaj P. and K. Rayappa and Yashavantha J.},
      title = {Effect of Red Mud Particles on Scratch Resistance of Aluminum Based Metal Matrix Composites},
      journal = {American Journal of Aerospace Engineering},
      volume = {5},
      number = {1},
      pages = {24-29},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajae.20180501.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajae.20180501.14},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajae.20180501.14},
      abstract = {Light weight structures reflect the most predictable aspects which are correlated with commercial usage in various applications where enhancing strength with lesser weight makes them measurable. Metals like aluminum with variety of grades acts as matrix to access the minute particles exhibits huge benefits once made by most convenient techniques to term them as metal matrix conjugates. Red mud emerges as the major waste material during production of alumina from bauxite by the Bayer’s process. It comprises of oxides of iron, titanium, aluminium and silica long with some other minor constituents. Based on economics as well as environmental related issues, enormous efforts have been directed worldwide towards red mud management issues i.e. of utilization, storage and disposal. Different avenues of red mud utilization are more or less known but none of them have so far proved to be economically viable. Hardness property is improved remarkably by introducing hard intermetallic compound into the aluminium matrix. Thereinforcing materials are generally contain Silicon carbide, alumina as constituents which are costly to inculcate as a major part so that introducing this composition in aluminium matrix leads to property enhancement for the prepared metal matrix composites. Keeping this aspect in mind the present research aim is to explore the use of red mud as a reinforcing material which contains the above said composition as well as low cost option when used with aluminium. Samples are prepared by stir casting technique. Castings are cut, turned and shaped into the required size to prepare the specimens for evaluation of hardness number of samples. It is observed that the inclusion of the red mud is drastically affecting the hardness factor of the composites. The increase of the red mud composite weight percentage has decreased the hardness indicating the formability of the material.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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    T1  - Effect of Red Mud Particles on Scratch Resistance of Aluminum Based Metal Matrix Composites
    AU  - Lokesh K. S.
    AU  - Bandu Ummaji
    AU  - Gururaj P.
    AU  - K. Rayappa
    AU  - Yashavantha J.
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajae.20180501.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajae.20180501.14
    T2  - American Journal of Aerospace Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Aerospace Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Aerospace Engineering
    SP  - 24
    EP  - 29
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-4821
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajae.20180501.14
    AB  - Light weight structures reflect the most predictable aspects which are correlated with commercial usage in various applications where enhancing strength with lesser weight makes them measurable. Metals like aluminum with variety of grades acts as matrix to access the minute particles exhibits huge benefits once made by most convenient techniques to term them as metal matrix conjugates. Red mud emerges as the major waste material during production of alumina from bauxite by the Bayer’s process. It comprises of oxides of iron, titanium, aluminium and silica long with some other minor constituents. Based on economics as well as environmental related issues, enormous efforts have been directed worldwide towards red mud management issues i.e. of utilization, storage and disposal. Different avenues of red mud utilization are more or less known but none of them have so far proved to be economically viable. Hardness property is improved remarkably by introducing hard intermetallic compound into the aluminium matrix. Thereinforcing materials are generally contain Silicon carbide, alumina as constituents which are costly to inculcate as a major part so that introducing this composition in aluminium matrix leads to property enhancement for the prepared metal matrix composites. Keeping this aspect in mind the present research aim is to explore the use of red mud as a reinforcing material which contains the above said composition as well as low cost option when used with aluminium. Samples are prepared by stir casting technique. Castings are cut, turned and shaped into the required size to prepare the specimens for evaluation of hardness number of samples. It is observed that the inclusion of the red mud is drastically affecting the hardness factor of the composites. The increase of the red mud composite weight percentage has decreased the hardness indicating the formability of the material.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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