Engineering Physics

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Natural Ventilation of Smoke Subject to Wind Pressure Within Fire Safety Engineering Approach

Received: 17 August 2018    Accepted: 03 September 2018    Published: 25 September 2018
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Abstract

This paper presents an analytical model able to explore the design method of natural smoke evacuation through an exhaust vent subject to wind pressure. The proposed model can be used to determine the flow rate of smoke and the optimal section of the exhaust vent according to the geometric parameters of the room, the heat release rate and the pressure exerted by the wind forces at the exhaust vent. The numerical resolutions of the mathematical equations of the model were performed using the dichotomy method. The proposed analytical approach is built progressively by, (i) the examination of interaction forces between buoyancy forces and wind pressure forces, (ii) a numerical validation of the analytical model using the numerical simulation software Fire Dynamics Simulator, and (iii) proposal of a method of approximation of the optimal section of the exhaust vent for a maximum smoke evacuation rate. The results show very satisfactory and provide adequate prediction of the optimal size of the exhaust vent between the theoretical approximation and various configurations of numerical simulation. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach lead to an accurate and reliable analytical model able to analyze the influence of the size of natural smoke evacuation vents subjected to the pressure of wind forces.

DOI 10.11648/j.ep.20180201.15
Published in Engineering Physics (Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2018)
Page(s) 23-31
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fire in Confined Spaces, Natural Ventilation of Smoke, Wind Forces, FDS-6.5.3, CFAST-7.3.0

References
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[6] Wojciech, Węgrzyński and Grzegorz, Krajewski. Combined Wind Engineering, Smoke Flow and Evacuation Analysis for a Design of a Natural Smoke and Heat Ventilation System. Procedia Engineering, 2017, vol. 172, p. 1243-1251.
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[12] Hunt, G. R. and Linden, P. P. The fluid mechanics of natural ventilation-displacement ventilation by buoyancy-driven flows assisted by wind. Building and Environment, 1999, vol. 34, no 6, p. 707-720. MLA.
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[20] Stephen B. Pope. Turbulent Flows. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
[21] R. Rehm, K. McGrattan, H. Baum, and E. Simiu. An Efficient Large Eddy Simulation Algorithm for Computational Wind Engineering: Application to Surface Pressure Computations on a Single Building. NISTIR 6371, National Institute of Standards and Technology, August 1999.
[22] Kevin McGrattan, Simo Hostikka, Randall McDermott, Jason Floyd, Craig Weinschenk, Kristopher Overholt, Fire Dynamics Simulator Technical Reference Guide Volume 3: Validation, NIST Special Publication 1018-3 Sixth Edition, January 18, 2017 FDS Version 6.5.3.
[23] H. Werner and H. Wengle. Large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow over and around a cube in a plate channel. In 8th Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows, pages 155–168, Munich, Germany, 1991. Technische University Munich.
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Author Information
  • Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Quebec at Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada

  • Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Quebec at Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada

  • Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Quebec at Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada

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  • APA Style

    Rachid Fakir, Noureddine Barka, Jean Brousseau. (2018). Natural Ventilation of Smoke Subject to Wind Pressure Within Fire Safety Engineering Approach. Engineering Physics, 2(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ep.20180201.15

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    ACS Style

    Rachid Fakir; Noureddine Barka; Jean Brousseau. Natural Ventilation of Smoke Subject to Wind Pressure Within Fire Safety Engineering Approach. Eng. Phys. 2018, 2(1), 23-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ep.20180201.15

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    AMA Style

    Rachid Fakir, Noureddine Barka, Jean Brousseau. Natural Ventilation of Smoke Subject to Wind Pressure Within Fire Safety Engineering Approach. Eng Phys. 2018;2(1):23-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ep.20180201.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ep.20180201.15,
      author = {Rachid Fakir and Noureddine Barka and Jean Brousseau},
      title = {Natural Ventilation of Smoke Subject to Wind Pressure Within Fire Safety Engineering Approach},
      journal = {Engineering Physics},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {23-31},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ep.20180201.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ep.20180201.15},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ep.20180201.15},
      abstract = {This paper presents an analytical model able to explore the design method of natural smoke evacuation through an exhaust vent subject to wind pressure. The proposed model can be used to determine the flow rate of smoke and the optimal section of the exhaust vent according to the geometric parameters of the room, the heat release rate and the pressure exerted by the wind forces at the exhaust vent. The numerical resolutions of the mathematical equations of the model were performed using the dichotomy method. The proposed analytical approach is built progressively by, (i) the examination of interaction forces between buoyancy forces and wind pressure forces, (ii) a numerical validation of the analytical model using the numerical simulation software Fire Dynamics Simulator, and (iii) proposal of a method of approximation of the optimal section of the exhaust vent for a maximum smoke evacuation rate. The results show very satisfactory and provide adequate prediction of the optimal size of the exhaust vent between the theoretical approximation and various configurations of numerical simulation. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach lead to an accurate and reliable analytical model able to analyze the influence of the size of natural smoke evacuation vents subjected to the pressure of wind forces.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Natural Ventilation of Smoke Subject to Wind Pressure Within Fire Safety Engineering Approach
    AU  - Rachid Fakir
    AU  - Noureddine Barka
    AU  - Jean Brousseau
    Y1  - 2018/09/25
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ep.20180201.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ep.20180201.15
    T2  - Engineering Physics
    JF  - Engineering Physics
    JO  - Engineering Physics
    SP  - 23
    EP  - 31
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1029
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ep.20180201.15
    AB  - This paper presents an analytical model able to explore the design method of natural smoke evacuation through an exhaust vent subject to wind pressure. The proposed model can be used to determine the flow rate of smoke and the optimal section of the exhaust vent according to the geometric parameters of the room, the heat release rate and the pressure exerted by the wind forces at the exhaust vent. The numerical resolutions of the mathematical equations of the model were performed using the dichotomy method. The proposed analytical approach is built progressively by, (i) the examination of interaction forces between buoyancy forces and wind pressure forces, (ii) a numerical validation of the analytical model using the numerical simulation software Fire Dynamics Simulator, and (iii) proposal of a method of approximation of the optimal section of the exhaust vent for a maximum smoke evacuation rate. The results show very satisfactory and provide adequate prediction of the optimal size of the exhaust vent between the theoretical approximation and various configurations of numerical simulation. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach lead to an accurate and reliable analytical model able to analyze the influence of the size of natural smoke evacuation vents subjected to the pressure of wind forces.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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