Engineering Physics

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Empirical Validation of Frequency Scaling Factor for Fresnel-Kirchoff Diffraction Parameter

Received: 25 October 2016    Accepted: 29 December 2016    Published: 04 February 2017
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Abstract

In this paper, topographic data for line-of-sight (LOS) communication link between Eket and Akwa Ibom state University are used to validate the frequency scaling factors for computing the radius of the Fresnel zone, Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction parameter and the number of Fresnel zones that are partially or fully blocked by single knife edge obstruction in the signal path. The topographic data are obtained using Geocontext online topographic profile tool. In this paper, three microwave frequencies are considered, namely; 4 GHz for the C-band, 16 GHz for the Ku-band and 28 GHz for the Ka-band. The results confirmed that the frequency scaling factor between any two frequencies, f1 and f2 is for the Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction parameter; for the radius of the Fresnel zone and for the number of Fresnel zones that are blocked by obstruction in the signal path. Consequently, if the value of any of the three parameters is known at frequency, f1, then the corresponding value of the same parameter at another frequency, f2 can be obtained by multiplying the parameter value at f1 with the frequency scaling factor for the parameter.

DOI 10.11648/j.ep.20170102.11
Published in Engineering Physics (Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2017)
Page(s) 33-39
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fresnel Zone, Knife Edge Obstruction, Frequency Scaling Factor, Line-of-Sight (LOS) Communication, Topographic Profile

References
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[2] Neskovic, A., Neskovic, N., & Paunovic, G. (2000). Modern Approaches in Modeling of Mobile Radio Systems Propagation Environment. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 3 (3), 2-12.
[3] Rappaport, T. S. (1996). Wireless communications: principles and practice (Vol. 2). New Jersey: Prentice Hall PTR.
[4] Tyson, R. K. (2015). Principles of adaptive optics. CRC press.
[5] Tang, K., Qiu, C., Lu, J., Ke, M., & Liu, Z. (2015). Focusing and directional beaming effects of airborne sound through a planar lens with zigzag slits. Journal of Applied Physics, 117 (2), 024503.
[6] Aime, C., Aristidi, E., & Rabbia, Y. (2013). The Fresnel diffraction: A story of light and darkness. EAS Publications Series, 59, 37-58.
[7] Gálvez, M. A. (2010). Calculation of the coverage area of mobile broadband communications. Focus on land.
[8] Visser, S. W. J. (2004). Data capturing system using cellular phone, verified against propagation models (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch).
[9] Yin, H. (2001). A Statistical Study of Signal Fading on a Microwave Link. National Library of Canada=Bibliothèque nationale du Canada.
[10] Kapusuz, K. Y., & Kara, A. (2014). Determination of scattering center of multipath signals using geometric optics and Fresnel zone concepts. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 17 (2), 50-57.
[11] Guerrero-Ojeda, L. G., Vila-Burguete, C., Alarcón-Aquino, V., & Baez-Lopez, D. (2005) Simulator of Fresnel Zones. Technical Paper Electrical Engineering Department University of the Americas, Puebla. Available at: http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lem/vila_b_ca/apendiceA.pdf.
[12] Sesia, S., Toufik, I., & Baker, M. (2015). LTE-the UMTS long term evolution. John Wiley.
[13] Haykin, S. S., Moher, M., & Koilpillai, D. (2011). Modern wireless communications. Pearson Education India.
[14] Jayaram, M. N. (2016). Modeling of underground communication channel for mobile application and it s use in improving the quality of mobile signal reception.
[15] Baldassaro, P. M. (2001). RF and GIS: Field Strength Prediction for Frequencies between 900 MHz and 28 GHz.
Author Information
  • Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

  • Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

  • Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

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  • APA Style

    Wali Samuel, Constance Kalu, Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo. (2017). Empirical Validation of Frequency Scaling Factor for Fresnel-Kirchoff Diffraction Parameter. Engineering Physics, 1(2), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ep.20170102.11

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    ACS Style

    Wali Samuel; Constance Kalu; Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo. Empirical Validation of Frequency Scaling Factor for Fresnel-Kirchoff Diffraction Parameter. Eng. Phys. 2017, 1(2), 33-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ep.20170102.11

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    AMA Style

    Wali Samuel, Constance Kalu, Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo. Empirical Validation of Frequency Scaling Factor for Fresnel-Kirchoff Diffraction Parameter. Eng Phys. 2017;1(2):33-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ep.20170102.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ep.20170102.11,
      author = {Wali Samuel and Constance Kalu and Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo},
      title = {Empirical Validation of Frequency Scaling Factor for Fresnel-Kirchoff Diffraction Parameter},
      journal = {Engineering Physics},
      volume = {1},
      number = {2},
      pages = {33-39},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ep.20170102.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ep.20170102.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ep.20170102.11},
      abstract = {In this paper, topographic data for line-of-sight (LOS) communication link between Eket and Akwa Ibom state University are used to validate the frequency scaling factors for computing the radius of the Fresnel zone, Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction parameter and the number of Fresnel zones that are partially or fully blocked by single knife edge obstruction in the signal path. The topographic data are obtained using Geocontext online topographic profile tool. In this paper, three microwave frequencies are considered, namely; 4 GHz for the C-band, 16 GHz for the Ku-band and 28 GHz for the Ka-band. The results confirmed that the frequency scaling factor between any two frequencies, f1 and f2 is  for the Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction parameter;  for the radius of the Fresnel zone and  for the number of Fresnel zones that are blocked by obstruction in the signal path. Consequently, if the value of any of the three parameters is known at frequency, f1, then the corresponding value of the same parameter at another frequency, f2 can be obtained by multiplying the parameter value at f1 with the frequency scaling factor for the parameter.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Empirical Validation of Frequency Scaling Factor for Fresnel-Kirchoff Diffraction Parameter
    AU  - Wali Samuel
    AU  - Constance Kalu
    AU  - Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo
    Y1  - 2017/02/04
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ep.20170102.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ep.20170102.11
    T2  - Engineering Physics
    JF  - Engineering Physics
    JO  - Engineering Physics
    SP  - 33
    EP  - 39
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1029
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ep.20170102.11
    AB  - In this paper, topographic data for line-of-sight (LOS) communication link between Eket and Akwa Ibom state University are used to validate the frequency scaling factors for computing the radius of the Fresnel zone, Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction parameter and the number of Fresnel zones that are partially or fully blocked by single knife edge obstruction in the signal path. The topographic data are obtained using Geocontext online topographic profile tool. In this paper, three microwave frequencies are considered, namely; 4 GHz for the C-band, 16 GHz for the Ku-band and 28 GHz for the Ka-band. The results confirmed that the frequency scaling factor between any two frequencies, f1 and f2 is  for the Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction parameter;  for the radius of the Fresnel zone and  for the number of Fresnel zones that are blocked by obstruction in the signal path. Consequently, if the value of any of the three parameters is known at frequency, f1, then the corresponding value of the same parameter at another frequency, f2 can be obtained by multiplying the parameter value at f1 with the frequency scaling factor for the parameter.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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