Factors Affecting the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health Services at the Primary Health Centers in El-Damazin locality at Blue Nile State, Sudan 2015-2016

Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid; Samia Yousif Idris Habani; Nada Jafar Osman; Malaz Elbashir Ahmed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15

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Factors Affecting the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health Services at the Primary Health Centers in El-Damazin locality at Blue Nile State, Sudan 2015-2016

Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid, Samia Yousif Idris Habani, Nada Jafar Osman, Malaz Elbashir Ahmed

Published in World Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 21 May 2018 Accepted: 6 June 2018 Published: 12 July 2018

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Abstract

Sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) constitute a public health problem, especially in developing countries and among poor people, women and adolescent. In Sudan, despite the endorsement of STIs health services in 2004, within the primary health care (PHC) service package, the uptake of STIs by those in need remains limited. This study aimed at exploring the factors affecting the utilization of STIs health services at the PHC in El-Damazin locality in Blue Nile State (BNS) in Sudan, 2015 -2016. The Specific objectives of this study were: Assessing the capacity of PHC and care providers, in El-Damazin locality in (BNS), in providing quality STIs health services. The study was descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional health facility based study. The study investigated eight PHC and ten care providers during the study period. The study findings indicated that while 62.5% of the investigated PHC centers provide the STIs health services behind closed door, yet 75% of the investigated PHC centers do not abide by the necessary confidentiality measures in maintaining the records of the patients, as well as lacking some medical equipment. All the investigated eight PHCs centers lack management protocol of the STIs. Female health care providers (CPs) are only 30%. While medical doctors represent 80% of the care providers, only 20% of them received training in STIs syndromic case management. Eighty percent of health CPs specified the lack of protocols and guidelines affects the quality of service to STIs patients. The study concluded that the lack of STIs management protocols and guidelines, lack of specific capacity in STIs syndromic case management, limited numbers of female care providers, insufficient medical equipment adversely affect the quality STIs services.

Published in	World Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15
Page(s)	61-68
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sexually Transmitted Infections, STIs Health Service Provision, STIs Syndromic Case Management, PHC Capacities, Care Providers’ Capacities, Confidentiality of STIs Service Provision, Quality of STIs Service Provision

References

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[3]	WHO. Global Health Sector Strategy on Sexually Transmitted Infections 2016–2021. June 2016. Page, 12.
[4]	WHO. Guidelines for the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections. Essential Medicines and Health Products Information Portal. WHO:2001, page 88, Updated 2006.
[5]	UNAIDS-Sudan. Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2012 –2013.
[6]	Sudan. National AIDS Control Programme Report on ANC: HIV Sentinel Sero-Survey 2009. Khartoum: SNAP surveillance unit. 2010.
[7]	WHO, Global prevalence of selected available sexually transmitted infections. WHO; 2001 Nov.
[8]	UNAIDS. 2010 UNGASS Report, North Sudan [internet]. SNAP; 2010 March 31.
[9]	FMOH: The National Strategy for Reproductive Health 2006-2010. page12.
[10]	FMOH- SNAP: Distributed in the 15 northern States [Internet]. page10; 2010.
[11]	WHO, Programme areas, WHO's interventions in Blue Nile. WHO EMRO; 2015 Aug 7 [updated 2015Feb 12].
[12]	Sudan. National AIDS Control Programme Report on ANC: HIV Sentinel Sero-Survey 2009. Khartoum: SNAP surveillance unit. 2012.
[13]	World Health Organization, 10 Facts on Sexually Transmitted Infections, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013.
[14]	World Health Organization and National AIDS Commission. Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections Using Syndromic Management Approach; Guidelines for Service Providers. Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi, 3rd edition, 2007.
[15]	Addisu. A, Wanzahun. G. Knowledge and Practice of Clinicians regarding Syndromic Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Public Health Facilities of Gamo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia. Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Volume 2015 (2015), Article ID 310409, 6 pages.
[16]	Sameena Kausar, Caroline S Bradbeer. Risk management Patient confidentiality in STIs: current guidance and legal issues. The Obstetrician & Gynecologists. 240 Risk management 2006; 8:240–244. 10.1576/toag.8.4.240.27274.
[17]	Ali. M. M. Factors influencing healthcare service quality. International journal of health policy and management. Received 2012 Apr 26. Accepted 2012 Jul 21.
[18]	World Health Organization, 10 Facts on Sexually Transmitted Infections, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013.
[19]	R. Bitera, M. Alary, B. Mâsse et al., “Quality of disease management of sexually transmitted diseases: investigation of care in six countries in West Africa,” Cahiers Sante, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 233–239, 2009.
[20]	White. R. G. “Curable sexually transmitted infection treatment interventions to prevent HIV transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa,” The Open Infectious Diseases Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 128–155, 2009.
[21]	Peterman. A. Effective Interventions to Reduce Sexually Transmitted Disease: Introduction to the Special Issue. Sexually Transmitted Diseases: February 2016 - Volume 43 - Issue 2S - p S1–S2. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000373. Editorial.
[22]	S. N. Iipinge and L. Pretorius, “The delivery and quality of sexually transmitted infections treatment by private general practitioners in Windhoek Namibia,” Global Journal of Health Science, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 156–171, 2012. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus.
[23]	Zanakis. SH, Alvarez. C, Li V. Socio-economic determinants of HIV/AIDS pandemic and nation’s efficiencies. European Journal for Operational Research, 2007; 176:1811–38. Received 26 August 2004; accepted 3 October 2005.
[24]	Hussain. MF1, Khanani. MR, Siddiqui. SE, Manzar. N, Raza. S, Qamar SM. F. A. Knowledge, attitudes & practices (KAP) of general practitioners (GPs) regarding sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV/ AIDS in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 202–205, 2011.
[25]	FHI - Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, A Handbook for the Design and Management of Programs.

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APA Style

Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid, Samia Yousif Idris Habani, Nada Jafar Osman, Malaz Elbashir Ahmed. (2018). Factors Affecting the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health Services at the Primary Health Centers in El-Damazin locality at Blue Nile State, Sudan 2015-2016. World Journal of Public Health, 3(2), 61-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15

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ACS Style

Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid; Samia Yousif Idris Habani; Nada Jafar Osman; Malaz Elbashir Ahmed. Factors Affecting the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health Services at the Primary Health Centers in El-Damazin locality at Blue Nile State, Sudan 2015-2016. World J. Public Health 2018, 3(2), 61-68. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15

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AMA Style

Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid, Samia Yousif Idris Habani, Nada Jafar Osman, Malaz Elbashir Ahmed. Factors Affecting the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health Services at the Primary Health Centers in El-Damazin locality at Blue Nile State, Sudan 2015-2016. World J Public Health. 2018;3(2):61-68. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15

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@article{10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15,
  author = {Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid and Samia Yousif Idris Habani and Nada Jafar Osman and Malaz Elbashir Ahmed},
  title = {Factors Affecting the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health Services at the Primary Health Centers in El-Damazin locality at Blue Nile State, Sudan 2015-2016},
  journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {61-68},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20180302.15},
  abstract = {Sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) constitute a public health problem, especially in developing countries and among poor people, women and adolescent. In Sudan, despite the endorsement of STIs health services in 2004, within the primary health care (PHC) service package, the uptake of STIs by those in need remains limited. This study aimed at exploring the factors affecting the utilization of STIs health services at the PHC in El-Damazin locality in Blue Nile State (BNS) in Sudan, 2015 -2016. The Specific objectives of this study were: Assessing the capacity of PHC and care providers, in El-Damazin locality in (BNS), in providing quality STIs health services. The study was descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional health facility based study. The study investigated eight PHC and ten care providers during the study period. The study findings indicated that while 62.5% of the investigated PHC centers provide the STIs health services behind closed door, yet 75% of the investigated PHC centers do not abide by the necessary confidentiality measures in maintaining the records of the patients, as well as lacking some medical equipment. All the investigated eight PHCs centers lack management protocol of the STIs. Female health care providers (CPs) are only 30%. While medical doctors represent 80% of the care providers, only 20% of them received training in STIs syndromic case management. Eighty percent of health CPs specified the lack of protocols and guidelines affects the quality of service to STIs patients. The study concluded that the lack of STIs management protocols and guidelines, lack of specific capacity in STIs syndromic case management, limited numbers of female care providers, insufficient medical equipment adversely affect the quality STIs services.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Affecting the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health Services at the Primary Health Centers in El-Damazin locality at Blue Nile State, Sudan 2015-2016
AU  - Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid
AU  - Samia Yousif Idris Habani
AU  - Nada Jafar Osman
AU  - Malaz Elbashir Ahmed
Y1  - 2018/07/12
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15
T2  - World Journal of Public Health
JF  - World Journal of Public Health
JO  - World Journal of Public Health
SP  - 61
EP  - 68
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-6059
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15
AB  - Sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) constitute a public health problem, especially in developing countries and among poor people, women and adolescent. In Sudan, despite the endorsement of STIs health services in 2004, within the primary health care (PHC) service package, the uptake of STIs by those in need remains limited. This study aimed at exploring the factors affecting the utilization of STIs health services at the PHC in El-Damazin locality in Blue Nile State (BNS) in Sudan, 2015 -2016. The Specific objectives of this study were: Assessing the capacity of PHC and care providers, in El-Damazin locality in (BNS), in providing quality STIs health services. The study was descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional health facility based study. The study investigated eight PHC and ten care providers during the study period. The study findings indicated that while 62.5% of the investigated PHC centers provide the STIs health services behind closed door, yet 75% of the investigated PHC centers do not abide by the necessary confidentiality measures in maintaining the records of the patients, as well as lacking some medical equipment. All the investigated eight PHCs centers lack management protocol of the STIs. Female health care providers (CPs) are only 30%. While medical doctors represent 80% of the care providers, only 20% of them received training in STIs syndromic case management. Eighty percent of health CPs specified the lack of protocols and guidelines affects the quality of service to STIs patients. The study concluded that the lack of STIs management protocols and guidelines, lack of specific capacity in STIs syndromic case management, limited numbers of female care providers, insufficient medical equipment adversely affect the quality STIs services.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid

HIV Prevention Program, United Nations Population Fund, Khartoum, Sudan
Samia Yousif Idris Habani

Free Lance Community Medicine Consultant, Khartoum, Sudan
Nada Jafar Osman

Directorate General of Primary Health Care, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan
Malaz Elbashir Ahmed

HIV Prevention Program, United Nations Population Fund, Khartoum, Sudan

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APA Style

Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid, Samia Yousif Idris Habani, Nada Jafar Osman, Malaz Elbashir Ahmed. (2018). Factors Affecting the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health Services at the Primary Health Centers in El-Damazin locality at Blue Nile State, Sudan 2015-2016. World Journal of Public Health, 3(2), 61-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15

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ACS Style

Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid; Samia Yousif Idris Habani; Nada Jafar Osman; Malaz Elbashir Ahmed. Factors Affecting the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health Services at the Primary Health Centers in El-Damazin locality at Blue Nile State, Sudan 2015-2016. World J. Public Health 2018, 3(2), 61-68. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15

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AMA Style

Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid, Samia Yousif Idris Habani, Nada Jafar Osman, Malaz Elbashir Ahmed. Factors Affecting the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health Services at the Primary Health Centers in El-Damazin locality at Blue Nile State, Sudan 2015-2016. World J Public Health. 2018;3(2):61-68. doi: 10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15

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@article{10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15,
  author = {Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid and Samia Yousif Idris Habani and Nada Jafar Osman and Malaz Elbashir Ahmed},
  title = {Factors Affecting the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health Services at the Primary Health Centers in El-Damazin locality at Blue Nile State, Sudan 2015-2016},
  journal = {World Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {61-68},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjph.20180302.15},
  abstract = {Sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) constitute a public health problem, especially in developing countries and among poor people, women and adolescent. In Sudan, despite the endorsement of STIs health services in 2004, within the primary health care (PHC) service package, the uptake of STIs by those in need remains limited. This study aimed at exploring the factors affecting the utilization of STIs health services at the PHC in El-Damazin locality in Blue Nile State (BNS) in Sudan, 2015 -2016. The Specific objectives of this study were: Assessing the capacity of PHC and care providers, in El-Damazin locality in (BNS), in providing quality STIs health services. The study was descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional health facility based study. The study investigated eight PHC and ten care providers during the study period. The study findings indicated that while 62.5% of the investigated PHC centers provide the STIs health services behind closed door, yet 75% of the investigated PHC centers do not abide by the necessary confidentiality measures in maintaining the records of the patients, as well as lacking some medical equipment. All the investigated eight PHCs centers lack management protocol of the STIs. Female health care providers (CPs) are only 30%. While medical doctors represent 80% of the care providers, only 20% of them received training in STIs syndromic case management. Eighty percent of health CPs specified the lack of protocols and guidelines affects the quality of service to STIs patients. The study concluded that the lack of STIs management protocols and guidelines, lack of specific capacity in STIs syndromic case management, limited numbers of female care providers, insufficient medical equipment adversely affect the quality STIs services.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Affecting the Utilization of Sexually Transmitted Infections Health Services at the Primary Health Centers in El-Damazin locality at Blue Nile State, Sudan 2015-2016
AU  - Khalid Fadl Alla Khalid
AU  - Samia Yousif Idris Habani
AU  - Nada Jafar Osman
AU  - Malaz Elbashir Ahmed
Y1  - 2018/07/12
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15
T2  - World Journal of Public Health
JF  - World Journal of Public Health
JO  - World Journal of Public Health
SP  - 61
EP  - 68
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-6059
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjph.20180302.15
AB  - Sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) constitute a public health problem, especially in developing countries and among poor people, women and adolescent. In Sudan, despite the endorsement of STIs health services in 2004, within the primary health care (PHC) service package, the uptake of STIs by those in need remains limited. This study aimed at exploring the factors affecting the utilization of STIs health services at the PHC in El-Damazin locality in Blue Nile State (BNS) in Sudan, 2015 -2016. The Specific objectives of this study were: Assessing the capacity of PHC and care providers, in El-Damazin locality in (BNS), in providing quality STIs health services. The study was descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional health facility based study. The study investigated eight PHC and ten care providers during the study period. The study findings indicated that while 62.5% of the investigated PHC centers provide the STIs health services behind closed door, yet 75% of the investigated PHC centers do not abide by the necessary confidentiality measures in maintaining the records of the patients, as well as lacking some medical equipment. All the investigated eight PHCs centers lack management protocol of the STIs. Female health care providers (CPs) are only 30%. While medical doctors represent 80% of the care providers, only 20% of them received training in STIs syndromic case management. Eighty percent of health CPs specified the lack of protocols and guidelines affects the quality of service to STIs patients. The study concluded that the lack of STIs management protocols and guidelines, lack of specific capacity in STIs syndromic case management, limited numbers of female care providers, insufficient medical equipment adversely affect the quality STIs services.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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