Cholera remains the major public health problem in the world. Cholera is endemic in DRC especially in its east part. In the Kasai Oriental province, cholera is epidemic area which registered major epidemic cyclically with high case fatality rate. The last one in 2018 started in Mbuji-Mayi city but later affected the whole province during 45 weeks with 5854 total suspected cases registered including 277 deaths (CFR: 4.7%). Our main objective was to describe this outbreak focusing on its higher CFR. We conducted quantitative descriptive study using data from the provincial line listing. Cholera was defined according to national and WHO case definition. Analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Epi-info7. Men were more affected (contracting or dying of) by cholera in the province. The proportion of men affected in rural area as well as the proportion of death was higher than in Mbuji-Mayi city. The outbreak started in Mbuji-Mayi with around CFR: 27.3% as well as in the rural area with CFR: 23.5% after three weeks. CFR was also high among men in Rural area as well as among persons aged 15years and above. The remote health zone situated in rural area registered the highest CFR. These were Cilundu and Kabeya-Kamwanga.
| DOI | 10.11648/j.sjph.20200801.12 |
| Published in | Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2020) |
| Page(s) | 8-18 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Cholera, Outbreak, Case Fatality Rate, Kasai Oriental, Democratic Republic of Congo
| [1] | WHO: World Health Organization, 2004, Cholera Outbreak: Assessing the Outbreak Response and improving preparedness, Global Task Force for cholera control. Retrieved in December 2, 2019 from https://www.who.int/cholera/publications/final%20outbreak%20booklet%20260105-OMS.pdf. |
| [2] | Ali M, Nelson AR, Lopez AL, Sack D., 2015, Updated Global Burden of Cholera in Endemic Countries; PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9 (6): e0003832. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003832. |
| [3] | WHO: World Health Organization, 2017, Vaccins anticholériques: note de synthèse de l’OMS –Août 2017. |
| [4] | GTFCC: Global Task Force on Cholera Control, 2017, Ending Cholera - A Global Roadmap to 2030. 32p Retrieved in December, 2, 2019 from https://www.who.int/cholera/publications/global-roadmap.pdf?ua=1. |
| [5] | WHO: World Health Organization, 2018, Le cholera: Norme de Surveillance des maladies évitables par la vaccination. dernière mise à jour le 5 septembre 2018, Online https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/WHO_SurveillanceVaccinePreventable_02_Cholera_French_R1.pdf?ua=1. |
| [6] | Bompangue D., 2009, Dynamique des épidémies de choléra dans la région des grands lacs africains: cas de la République Démocratique du Congo, Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences de la vie et de la santé, Université de Franche-Comté, France, 265pp. |
| [7] | Bompangue Nkoko, D., Giraudoux, P., Plisnier, P., Tunda, A. M., Piarroux, M., Sudre, B., Horian, S., Tamfum, J. M., Ilunga, B. K., Piarroux, R., 2011, «Dynamics of cholera outbreaks in Great Lakes Region of Africa, 1978-2008,» Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 17, n° 11. |
| [8] | CDC: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, nd, Cholera Vibrio cholarea infection, consulted on the November 20 2019 online https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/diagnosis.html. |
| [9] | MSF: Médecins Sans Frontières, 2018, Management of an cholera epidemiie, Practical guide for doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, health auxiliaries, health technicians and logisticians; 2018 Edition, Retrieved in December 2, 2019 from https://medicalguidelines.msf.org/msf-books-hosting/23444436-Francais.pdf. |
| [10] | WHO: World Health Organization, nd, Prevention and control of cholera outbreaks: WHO policy and recommendations, Global Task Force on Cholera Control, consulted on September, 12, 2019 Online http://www.who.int/cholera/technical/prevention/control/en/index.html. |
| [11] | Congo Profond, 2018, Présentation de la province du Kasaï Oriental, Zoom sur l’autre Congo oublié, consulté le 12/12/2019 Online https://congoprofond.net/presentation-de-la-province-du-kasai-oriental/. |
| [12] | DPS: Division Provinciale de la Santé du Kasaï Oriental, 2018, Annual Report of the PDH of Kasai Oriental Province, Mbuji-Mayi, DRC 2017 Exercise, 35p. |
| [13] | DPS: Division Provinciale de la Santé du Kasaï Oriental, 2019, Epidemic Emergency Preparedness Plan: 2019, Mbuji-Mayi, DRC; 25p. |
| [14] | PNUD: Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement Unité de lutte contre la pauvreté, Mars (2009), Unité de lutte contre la pauvreté, Province du KOR, Profil résume, Pauvrete et conditions de vie des menages. May, 22, 2019 online http://www.ipamec.be/Documents/Profil_kasai%20oriental_final.pdf. |
| [15] | Shomba K. S. and Olela N. N., 2015, Monograph of the city of Mbuji-Mayi, CRDI, Ed. MES. 104P. Retrieved on December, 7 2019 from https://www.idrc.ca/sites/default/files/sp/Documents%20EN/Monographie.pdf. |
| [16] | Shapiro RL, Otieno MR, Adcock PM et al., 1999. Transmission of epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 in rural western Kenya associated with drinking water from Lake Victoria: an environmental reservoir for cholera? Am J Trop Med Hyg. 60 (2): 271-276. PubMed | Google Scholar. |
| [17] | Onyango D., Karambu S., Abade A., Amwayi S., and Omolo J., (2012), High case fatality cholera outbreak in Western Kenya, August 2010; The Pan African Medical Journal., retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3828060/. |
| [18] | Unicef; 2013, Guide pratique de lutte contre le choléra de l’UNICEF, Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/french/cholera_toolkit/Document_principal_guide_pratique_de_lutte_contre_le_cholera.pdf. |
| [19] | Nsagha DS., Atashili J., Fon NP., Tanue EA., AyimaCW and Kibu OD; (2015), Assessing the risk factors of cholera epidemic in the Buea Health District of Cameroon, BMC Public Health, 15: 1128. DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-2485-8. |
| [20] | Kazaji DK. (2016), Factors contributing to the prevalence of cholera during 2008 to 2009 in Vhembe District of Limpopo province, south Africa, Master of Public Health, University of Limpopo, South Africa, Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5f76/ca905aa568c8b87d4d3a3e3a3c5448db0fcf.pdf. |
| [21] | Gbary AR., Roch Sossou A., Dossou JP., Mongbo V. & Massougbodji A., (2011), Les déterminants de la faible létalité de l'épidémie de choléra dans le littoral au bénin en 2008, S. F. S. P, 23 (5): 345-358. Retrieved on December, 10, 2018 from https://www.cairn.info/revue-sante-publique-2011-5-page-345.htm. |
| [22] | Adagbada AO., Adesida SA., Nwaokorie FO., Niemogha MT., Coker AO., 2012, Cholera Epidemiology in Nigeria: an overview, Pan Afr Med J. 2012; 12: 59. Online https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428179/. |
| [23] | Dubois A. E., Sinkala M., Kalluri P., Makasa-Chikoya3 M. and Quick E., 2006, Epidemic cholera in urban Zambia: hand soap and dried fish as protective factors, Epidemiol. Infect. 134, 1226–1230. On May 2018 doi: 10.1017/S0950268806006273. |
| [24] | Morof D., Cookson ST., Laver S., Chirundu D., Desai S., Mathenge P., Shambare D., Charimari L., Midzi S., Blanton C., and Handzel T., (2013), Community Mortality from Cholera: Urban and Rural Districts in Zimbabwe, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 88 (4): 645–650 Doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.11-0696. |
| [25] | Page A-L, Ciglenecki I, Jasmin ER, Desvignes L, Grandesso F, Polonsky J, et al., (2015), Geographic Distribution and Mortality Risk Factors during the Cholera Outbreak in a Rural Region of Haiti, 2010-2011. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9 (3): e0003605. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003605. |
APA Style
Norbert Tanke Dongmo, Barry Mutombo, Jerome Ateudjieu, Gervais Folefack Tengomo, Mavard Kwengani, et al. (2020). Cholera Outbreak in the Kasaï Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 2018: The Case Fatality Rate in Mbuji-Mayi City and in the Rural Area. Science Journal of Public Health, 8(1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20200801.12
ACS Style
Norbert Tanke Dongmo; Barry Mutombo; Jerome Ateudjieu; Gervais Folefack Tengomo; Mavard Kwengani, et al. Cholera Outbreak in the Kasaï Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 2018: The Case Fatality Rate in Mbuji-Mayi City and in the Rural Area. Sci. J. Public Health 2020, 8(1), 8-18. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20200801.12
AMA Style
Norbert Tanke Dongmo, Barry Mutombo, Jerome Ateudjieu, Gervais Folefack Tengomo, Mavard Kwengani, et al. Cholera Outbreak in the Kasaï Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 2018: The Case Fatality Rate in Mbuji-Mayi City and in the Rural Area. Sci J Public Health. 2020;8(1):8-18. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20200801.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.sjph.20200801.12,
author = {Norbert Tanke Dongmo and Barry Mutombo and Jerome Ateudjieu and Gervais Folefack Tengomo and Mavard Kwengani and Paulin Gabo and Marie Claire Georgette Diwampovesa and Laurent Akilimali and Berthe Miwanda and Armand Nkwesheu and Mamie Bangonda and Michel Noubom and François-Xavier Mbopi-Keou},
title = {Cholera Outbreak in the Kasaï Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 2018: The Case Fatality Rate in Mbuji-Mayi City and in the Rural Area},
journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {8-18},
doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20200801.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20200801.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20200801.12},
abstract = {Cholera remains the major public health problem in the world. Cholera is endemic in DRC especially in its east part. In the Kasai Oriental province, cholera is epidemic area which registered major epidemic cyclically with high case fatality rate. The last one in 2018 started in Mbuji-Mayi city but later affected the whole province during 45 weeks with 5854 total suspected cases registered including 277 deaths (CFR: 4.7%). Our main objective was to describe this outbreak focusing on its higher CFR. We conducted quantitative descriptive study using data from the provincial line listing. Cholera was defined according to national and WHO case definition. Analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Epi-info7. Men were more affected (contracting or dying of) by cholera in the province. The proportion of men affected in rural area as well as the proportion of death was higher than in Mbuji-Mayi city. The outbreak started in Mbuji-Mayi with around CFR: 27.3% as well as in the rural area with CFR: 23.5% after three weeks. CFR was also high among men in Rural area as well as among persons aged 15years and above. The remote health zone situated in rural area registered the highest CFR. These were Cilundu and Kabeya-Kamwanga.},
year = {2020}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Cholera Outbreak in the Kasaï Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 2018: The Case Fatality Rate in Mbuji-Mayi City and in the Rural Area AU - Norbert Tanke Dongmo AU - Barry Mutombo AU - Jerome Ateudjieu AU - Gervais Folefack Tengomo AU - Mavard Kwengani AU - Paulin Gabo AU - Marie Claire Georgette Diwampovesa AU - Laurent Akilimali AU - Berthe Miwanda AU - Armand Nkwesheu AU - Mamie Bangonda AU - Michel Noubom AU - François-Xavier Mbopi-Keou Y1 - 2020/03/02 PY - 2020 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20200801.12 DO - 10.11648/j.sjph.20200801.12 T2 - Science Journal of Public Health JF - Science Journal of Public Health JO - Science Journal of Public Health SP - 8 EP - 18 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7950 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20200801.12 AB - Cholera remains the major public health problem in the world. Cholera is endemic in DRC especially in its east part. In the Kasai Oriental province, cholera is epidemic area which registered major epidemic cyclically with high case fatality rate. The last one in 2018 started in Mbuji-Mayi city but later affected the whole province during 45 weeks with 5854 total suspected cases registered including 277 deaths (CFR: 4.7%). Our main objective was to describe this outbreak focusing on its higher CFR. We conducted quantitative descriptive study using data from the provincial line listing. Cholera was defined according to national and WHO case definition. Analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Epi-info7. Men were more affected (contracting or dying of) by cholera in the province. The proportion of men affected in rural area as well as the proportion of death was higher than in Mbuji-Mayi city. The outbreak started in Mbuji-Mayi with around CFR: 27.3% as well as in the rural area with CFR: 23.5% after three weeks. CFR was also high among men in Rural area as well as among persons aged 15years and above. The remote health zone situated in rural area registered the highest CFR. These were Cilundu and Kabeya-Kamwanga. VL - 8 IS - 1 ER -
Information
Email: