Science Journal of Public Health

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Regional Differences in the Optimal Utilisation of Antenatal Care in Nigeria

Received: 16 December 2015    Accepted: 27 December 2015    Published: 01 February 2016
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Abstract

Many maternal deaths in Nigeria are as a result of pregnancy related complications that are preventable through utilisation of antenatal care facility. The World Health Organisation recommends at least four visits to an antenatal care facility to attain full life saving potentials for pregnant women and their unborn babies. As the deadline for the Millennium Development Goals (MDG 5), which focuses on maternal health and access to health facilities) approaches, it is important to evaluate the optimal utilisation of ANC and impact of regional differences. This study determined factors that affect optimal utilisation of ANC visits. The National Demographic and Health Survey, 2013 dataset on women aged 15-49 years who had their most recent birth in the last 5 years prior the survey was used for the analysis. Optimal utilisation of ANC was defined as four or more visits. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and binary logistic regression models (α=0.05). Mean age of women was 29±7 years and 53% achieved optimal utilisation. The identified predictors of optimal use of ANC were age, wealth index, number of children alive, and region among others. Women in the South-West were about 7 (OR=6.73, 955% CI=5.843, 7.758; p<0.001) times more likely to have had optimal utilisation of ANC than those in the North Central zone. This strength of relationship was retained after other socio-demographic factors were included in the regression model as control. Respondents aged 34-39 years were 2 times more likely to attain optimal utilisation of ANC facility compared to those aged 15-19 years (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.152, 1.946). Respondents who belong to the richest wealth quintile were about 3 times more likely to attain optimal utilisation of ANC visits (OR=2.86, 95% CI: 2.162, 3.775) compared to respondents in the poorest quintile. Optimal utilisation of ANC in Nigeria is still poor and differentials exist across the regions. Therefore, regional specific programmes targeting better utilisation of ANC visits among women should be provided particularly in the Northern part of Nigeria.

DOI 10.11648/j.sjph.20160401.16
Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2016)
Page(s) 43-48
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Optimal Utilisation, Maternal Health, Maternal Mortality, Focused Antenatal Care (FANC), Health Regional Differences

References
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[2] World Health Organisation, World Health Report - Make every Mother and Child count, 2005. Available at: http://www.who.int/whr/2005/en/.
[3] World Health Organisation, “Maternal Mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)”. Health Statistics and Health Information Systems, 2013 pp. 1. Available at: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/indmaternalmortality.
[4] K. R. Adewoye, I. O. Musah, O. A. Atoyebi and O. A. Babatunde, “Knowledge and utilisation of antenatal care services by women of child bearing age in Ilorin-East local government area, North Central Nigeria,” International Journal of Science and Technology 2013 vol. 3pp. 188–193.
[5] O. A. Onasoga, J. A. Afolayan and B. D. Oladimeji, “Factors influencing utilisation of antenatal care services among pregnant women in Ife Central Lga, Osun State and National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria,” Advances in Applied Science Research, 2012 vol. 3 pp. 1309–1315.
[6] O. A. Onasoga, T. A. Osaji, O. A. Alade and M. C. Egbuniwe, “Awaresness and Barriers to Utilisation of Maternal Healthcare Services among Reproductive Women in Amassoma Community, Bayelsa State,” Inernational Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 2014 vol. 6 pp. 10-15.
[7] R. Onoh, O. Umerora, U. Agwu, H. Ezegwui, P. Ezeonu and A. K. Onyebuchi, “Pattern and determinants of antenatal booking at Abakaliki southeast Nigeria”. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 2012 vol. 2, pp. 169–75.
[8] O. U. J. Umeora, B. N. Ejikeme, S. I. Adeoye and R. N. Ogu, “Implementing the new WHO antenatal care model: voices from end users in a rural Nigerian community,” Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 2008 vol. 3 pp. 260.
[9] U. W. Ibor, O. A. Anjorin, A. E. Ita, M. A. Out and T. I. Bassey, “Utilisation of antenatal care in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo state, Nigeria,” Trends in Medical Research 2011 vol. 6 pp. 273-280.
[10] M. D. Dairo and K. E. Owoyokun, “Factors affecting the utilisation of antenatal care services in Ibadan, Nigeria,” Benin Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 2010 vol. 12 pp. 3–13.
[11] V. Awusi, E. Anyanwu and V. Okeleke, “Determinants of Antenatal Care Services UtilisationInEmevor Village, Nigeria,” Benin Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 2009 vol. 11.
[12] D. A. Adekanle and A. I Isawumi, “Late Antenatal Care Booking and Its Predictors among Pregnant Women in South Western Nigeria,” Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 2008 vol. 7 pp. 1–6.
[13] A. M. Amosu, A. M. Degun, A. M. Thomas, M. F. Olanrewaju, A. O. Babalola, P. E. Omeonu, et al. “A Study on the Acceptance and Practice of Focused Antenatal Care by Healthcare Providers in the South-West Zone of Nigeria,” Archieves of Applied Science research, 2011 vol. 3 pp. 484–491.
[14] M. N Sambo, G. A Abdulrazaq, A. F. Shamang and A. A. Ibrahim, “Household cost of antenatal care and delivery services in a rural community of Kaduna state, Northwestern Nigeria,” Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 2013 vol. 54 pp. 87–91.
[15] E. O. Nwosu, N. E Urama and C. Uruakpa, “Determinants of Antenatal Care Services Utilisation in Nigeria,” IISTE - Journal of Developing Country Studies, 2012 vol. 2 pp. 41–52.
[16] S. H. Adamu, Utilisation of Maternal Health Care Services in Nigeria : An Analysis of Regional Differences in the Patterns and Determinants of Maternal Health Care Use, 2011. Available at: http://mph/MPH_Quantitative_Dissertation_.
[17] D. N. Ononokpono and C. O. Odimegwu, “Determinants of Maternal Health Care Utilisation in Nigeria: a multilevel approach,” Pan African Medical Journal, 2013 vol. 17.
[18] C. A. Brown, B. S. Sohani, K. Khan, R. Lilford and W. Mukhwana.,“Antenatal Care and Perinatal Outcomes in Kwale District, Kenya,” BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2008 vol. 8 pp. 2.
[19] J. Ekabua, K. Ekabua and C. Njoku, “Proposed Framework for Making Focused Antenatal Care Services Accessible: A Review of the Nigerian Setting,” Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2011 pp. 1–5.
[20] L. Melhado, “The Physical Accessibility of Health Facilities Strongly Affects Haitian Women’s Use of Prenatal, Delivery Care,” International Family Planning Perspectives, 2007 vol. 33 pp. 38-43.
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Author Information
  • Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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    Linda Ochuole Ugalahi, Oyindamola Bidemi Yusuf, Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi, Ayo Stephen Adebowale. (2016). Regional Differences in the Optimal Utilisation of Antenatal Care in Nigeria. Science Journal of Public Health, 4(1), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160401.16

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    Linda Ochuole Ugalahi; Oyindamola Bidemi Yusuf; Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi; Ayo Stephen Adebowale. Regional Differences in the Optimal Utilisation of Antenatal Care in Nigeria. Sci. J. Public Health 2016, 4(1), 43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160401.16

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    AMA Style

    Linda Ochuole Ugalahi, Oyindamola Bidemi Yusuf, Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi, Ayo Stephen Adebowale. Regional Differences in the Optimal Utilisation of Antenatal Care in Nigeria. Sci J Public Health. 2016;4(1):43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160401.16

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjph.20160401.16,
      author = {Linda Ochuole Ugalahi and Oyindamola Bidemi Yusuf and Joshua Odunayo Akinyemi and Ayo Stephen Adebowale},
      title = {Regional Differences in the Optimal Utilisation of Antenatal Care in Nigeria},
      journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {43-48},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20160401.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20160401.16},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20160401.16},
      abstract = {Many maternal deaths in Nigeria are as a result of pregnancy related complications that are preventable through utilisation of antenatal care facility. The World Health Organisation recommends at least four visits to an antenatal care facility to attain full life saving potentials for pregnant women and their unborn babies. As the deadline for the Millennium Development Goals (MDG 5), which focuses on maternal health and access to health facilities) approaches, it is important to evaluate the optimal utilisation of ANC and impact of regional differences. This study determined factors that affect optimal utilisation of ANC visits. The National Demographic and Health Survey, 2013 dataset on women aged 15-49 years who had their most recent birth in the last 5 years prior the survey was used for the analysis. Optimal utilisation of ANC was defined as four or more visits. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and binary logistic regression models (α=0.05). Mean age of women was 29±7 years and 53% achieved optimal utilisation. The identified predictors of optimal use of ANC were age, wealth index, number of children alive, and region among others. Women in the South-West were about 7 (OR=6.73, 955% CI=5.843, 7.758; p<0.001) times more likely to have had optimal utilisation of ANC than those in the North Central zone. This strength of relationship was retained after other socio-demographic factors were included in the regression model as control. Respondents aged 34-39 years were 2 times more likely to attain optimal utilisation of ANC facility compared to those aged 15-19 years (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.152, 1.946). Respondents who belong to the richest wealth quintile were about 3 times more likely to attain optimal utilisation of ANC visits (OR=2.86, 95% CI: 2.162, 3.775) compared to respondents in the poorest quintile. Optimal utilisation of ANC in Nigeria is still poor and differentials exist across the regions. Therefore, regional specific programmes targeting better utilisation of ANC visits among women should be provided particularly in the Northern part of Nigeria.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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