Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Determination of Minimum Antenna Mast Height for Terrestrial Line of Sight Microwave Link with Zero Path Inclination

Wali Samuel; Steve Worgu; Elsie Chidinma Anderson

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15

| Peer-Reviewed

Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Determination of Minimum Antenna Mast Height for Terrestrial Line of Sight Microwave Link with Zero Path Inclination

Wali Samuel, Steve Worgu, Elsie Chidinma Anderson

Published in International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 31 October 2016 Accepted: 4 January 2017 Published: 31 January 2017

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

In this paper, mathematical model and algorithm for determination of minimum antenna mast height for terrestrial line of sight microwave link with zero path inclination is presented. The mathematical expressions developed are used for computing relevant link parameters while the algorithm gives the procedure for using the mathematical expressions for computing the minimum antenna mast heights. Sample 40km 10GHz Ku-band microwave link is used to demonstrate the application of the model and algorithm; in this case, the transmitter is located at longitude 7.711747 and latitude 5.178536 and the receiver is located at longitude 8.039903and latitude 5.055223. The link is required to make a minimum of 100% clearance with respect to the Fresnel zone 1. The results show that the transmitter and receiver antenna are at the same line of sight height of 158.7 m whereas the transmitter antenna mast height is 68.8 m while the receiver antenna mast height is 109.7m. Also, the maximum obstruction height of 128.58m occurred at a distance of 14306.98m from the transmitter with percentage clearance of 100% in respect of Fresnel zone 1. The result shows that the model can be used to ensure that the specified percentage clearance is achieved through the application of the models presented in this paper.

Published in	International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15
Page(s)	36-41
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antenna Mast Height, Path Inclination, Microwave Link, Line Of Sight Communication, Percentage Clearance

References

[1]	Al Mahmud, M. R. (2009). Analysis and planning microwave link to established efficient wireless communications (Doctoral dissertation, Blekinge Institute of Technology).
[2]	McKown, J. W., & Hamilton, R. L. (1991). Ray tracing as a design tool for radio networks. IEEE Network, 5(6), 27-30.
[3]	Adler, R. B., Chu, L. J., & Fano, R. M. (1960). Electromagnetic energy transmission and radiation.
[4]	Feuerstein, M. J., Blackard, K. L., Rappaport, T. S., Seidel, S. Y., & Xia, H. H. (1994). Path loss, delay spread, and outage models as functions of antenna height for microcellular system design. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 43(3), 487-498.
[5]	Angulo, I., De La Vega, D., Cascón, I., Cañizo, J., Wu, Y., Guerra, D., & Angueira, P. (2014). Impact analysis of wind farms on telecommunication services. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 32, 84-99.
[6]	Wibling, O. (1998). Terrain Analysis with Radio Link Calculations for a Map Presentation Program. Terrain, 98, 12-08.
[7]	Adediji, A. T., Mandeep, J. S., & Ismail, M. (2014). Meteorological Characterization of Effective Earth Radius Factor (k-Factor) for Wireless Radio Link Over Akure, Nigeria. Mapan, 29 (2), 131-141.
[8]	Serdega, V., & Ivanovs, G. (2015). Refraction seasonal variation and that influence on to GHz range microwaves availability. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, 78 (6), 39-42.
[9]	Mufti, N., Ullah, H., Rehman, S., & Din, I. (2015, January). Analysis of tropospheric radio refractive conditions in Karachi, Pakistan. In 2015 12th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST) (pp. 617-619). IEEE.
[10]	Nyete, A. M., & Afullo, T. J. O. (2013). Seasonal distribution modeling and mapping of the effective earth radius factor for microwave link design in South Africa. Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, 51, 1-32.
[11]	Zaidi, K. S., Jeoti, V., Iqbal, A., & Awang, A. (2014, June). Feasibility of trans-horizon, high-capacity maritime wireless backhaul communication link. In Intelligent and Advanced Systems (ICIAS), 2014 5th International Conference on (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[12]	Dalbakk, L. E. (2014). Antenna System for Tracking of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.
[13]	Mazar, H. (1991, March). LOS radio links, clearance above tall buildings. InElectrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel, 1991. Proceedings., 17th Convention of (pp. 145-148). IEEE.
[14]	Dalbakk, L. E. (2014). Antenna System for Tracking of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.
[15]	Arzubi, A. A., Castro Lechtaler, A., Foti, A., Fusario, R., García Garino, C., & García Guibout, J. (2010). Design of a Trans-Horizon radio link for ultra high and super high frequencies. In XVI Congreso Argentino de Ciencias de la Computación.
[16]	Haykin, S. S., Moher, M., & Koilpillai, D. (2011). Modern wireless communications. Pearson Education India.
[17]	Kraus, H. G. (1989). Huygens–Fresnel–Kirchhoff wave-front diffraction formulation: spherical waves. JOSA A, 6 (8), 1196-1205.
[18]	Beyer, J. (2004). An approximate approach to predict multiple screen diffraction in the case of grazing incidence. Radio science, 39 (4).
[19]	Capon, J. (1976). Multipath parameter computations for the MLS simulation computer program (No. ATC-68). Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Wali Samuel, Steve Worgu, Elsie Chidinma Anderson. (2017). Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Determination of Minimum Antenna Mast Height for Terrestrial Line of Sight Microwave Link with Zero Path Inclination. International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics, 2(1), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Wali Samuel; Steve Worgu; Elsie Chidinma Anderson. Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Determination of Minimum Antenna Mast Height for Terrestrial Line of Sight Microwave Link with Zero Path Inclination. Int. J. Syst. Sci. Appl. Math. 2017, 2(1), 36-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Wali Samuel, Steve Worgu, Elsie Chidinma Anderson. Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Determination of Minimum Antenna Mast Height for Terrestrial Line of Sight Microwave Link with Zero Path Inclination. Int J Syst Sci Appl Math. 2017;2(1):36-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15,
  author = {Wali Samuel and Steve Worgu and Elsie Chidinma Anderson},
  title = {Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Determination of Minimum Antenna Mast Height for Terrestrial Line of Sight Microwave Link with Zero Path Inclination},
  journal = {International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {36-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijssam.20170201.15},
  abstract = {In this paper, mathematical model and algorithm for determination of minimum antenna mast height for terrestrial line of sight microwave link with zero path inclination is presented. The mathematical expressions developed are used for computing relevant link parameters while the algorithm gives the procedure for using the mathematical expressions for computing the minimum antenna mast heights. Sample 40km 10GHz Ku-band microwave link is used to demonstrate the application of the model and algorithm; in this case, the transmitter is located at longitude 7.711747 and latitude 5.178536 and the receiver is located at longitude 8.039903and latitude 5.055223. The link is required to make a minimum of 100% clearance with respect to the Fresnel zone 1. The results show that the transmitter and receiver antenna are at the same line of sight height of 158.7 m whereas the transmitter antenna mast height is 68.8 m while the receiver antenna mast height is 109.7m. Also, the maximum obstruction height of 128.58m occurred at a distance of 14306.98m from the transmitter with percentage clearance of 100% in respect of Fresnel zone 1. The result shows that the model can be used to ensure that the specified percentage clearance is achieved through the application of the models presented in this paper.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Determination of Minimum Antenna Mast Height for Terrestrial Line of Sight Microwave Link with Zero Path Inclination
AU  - Wali Samuel
AU  - Steve Worgu
AU  - Elsie Chidinma Anderson
Y1  - 2017/01/31
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15
T2  - International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics
JF  - International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics
JO  - International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics
SP  - 36
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5803
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15
AB  - In this paper, mathematical model and algorithm for determination of minimum antenna mast height for terrestrial line of sight microwave link with zero path inclination is presented. The mathematical expressions developed are used for computing relevant link parameters while the algorithm gives the procedure for using the mathematical expressions for computing the minimum antenna mast heights. Sample 40km 10GHz Ku-band microwave link is used to demonstrate the application of the model and algorithm; in this case, the transmitter is located at longitude 7.711747 and latitude 5.178536 and the receiver is located at longitude 8.039903and latitude 5.055223. The link is required to make a minimum of 100% clearance with respect to the Fresnel zone 1. The results show that the transmitter and receiver antenna are at the same line of sight height of 158.7 m whereas the transmitter antenna mast height is 68.8 m while the receiver antenna mast height is 109.7m. Also, the maximum obstruction height of 128.58m occurred at a distance of 14306.98m from the transmitter with percentage clearance of 100% in respect of Fresnel zone 1. The result shows that the model can be used to ensure that the specified percentage clearance is achieved through the application of the models presented in this paper.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Wali Samuel

Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Steve Worgu

Department of Electrical/ Computer Engineering, Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rumuola, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Elsie Chidinma Anderson

Department of Electrical/ Computer Engineering, Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rumuola, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Wali Samuel, Steve Worgu, Elsie Chidinma Anderson. (2017). Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Determination of Minimum Antenna Mast Height for Terrestrial Line of Sight Microwave Link with Zero Path Inclination. International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics, 2(1), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Wali Samuel; Steve Worgu; Elsie Chidinma Anderson. Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Determination of Minimum Antenna Mast Height for Terrestrial Line of Sight Microwave Link with Zero Path Inclination. Int. J. Syst. Sci. Appl. Math. 2017, 2(1), 36-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Wali Samuel, Steve Worgu, Elsie Chidinma Anderson. Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Determination of Minimum Antenna Mast Height for Terrestrial Line of Sight Microwave Link with Zero Path Inclination. Int J Syst Sci Appl Math. 2017;2(1):36-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15,
  author = {Wali Samuel and Steve Worgu and Elsie Chidinma Anderson},
  title = {Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Determination of Minimum Antenna Mast Height for Terrestrial Line of Sight Microwave Link with Zero Path Inclination},
  journal = {International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {36-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijssam.20170201.15},
  abstract = {In this paper, mathematical model and algorithm for determination of minimum antenna mast height for terrestrial line of sight microwave link with zero path inclination is presented. The mathematical expressions developed are used for computing relevant link parameters while the algorithm gives the procedure for using the mathematical expressions for computing the minimum antenna mast heights. Sample 40km 10GHz Ku-band microwave link is used to demonstrate the application of the model and algorithm; in this case, the transmitter is located at longitude 7.711747 and latitude 5.178536 and the receiver is located at longitude 8.039903and latitude 5.055223. The link is required to make a minimum of 100% clearance with respect to the Fresnel zone 1. The results show that the transmitter and receiver antenna are at the same line of sight height of 158.7 m whereas the transmitter antenna mast height is 68.8 m while the receiver antenna mast height is 109.7m. Also, the maximum obstruction height of 128.58m occurred at a distance of 14306.98m from the transmitter with percentage clearance of 100% in respect of Fresnel zone 1. The result shows that the model can be used to ensure that the specified percentage clearance is achieved through the application of the models presented in this paper.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mathematical Model and Algorithm for Determination of Minimum Antenna Mast Height for Terrestrial Line of Sight Microwave Link with Zero Path Inclination
AU  - Wali Samuel
AU  - Steve Worgu
AU  - Elsie Chidinma Anderson
Y1  - 2017/01/31
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15
T2  - International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics
JF  - International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics
JO  - International Journal of Systems Science and Applied Mathematics
SP  - 36
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5803
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijssam.20170201.15
AB  - In this paper, mathematical model and algorithm for determination of minimum antenna mast height for terrestrial line of sight microwave link with zero path inclination is presented. The mathematical expressions developed are used for computing relevant link parameters while the algorithm gives the procedure for using the mathematical expressions for computing the minimum antenna mast heights. Sample 40km 10GHz Ku-band microwave link is used to demonstrate the application of the model and algorithm; in this case, the transmitter is located at longitude 7.711747 and latitude 5.178536 and the receiver is located at longitude 8.039903and latitude 5.055223. The link is required to make a minimum of 100% clearance with respect to the Fresnel zone 1. The results show that the transmitter and receiver antenna are at the same line of sight height of 158.7 m whereas the transmitter antenna mast height is 68.8 m while the receiver antenna mast height is 109.7m. Also, the maximum obstruction height of 128.58m occurred at a distance of 14306.98m from the transmitter with percentage clearance of 100% in respect of Fresnel zone 1. The result shows that the model can be used to ensure that the specified percentage clearance is achieved through the application of the models presented in this paper.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download