American Journal of Laboratory Medicine

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Albumin to Creatinine Ratio Is Fairly Correlated with Albumin Excretion Rate in Chronic Kidney Disease

Received: 30 October 2018    Accepted: 27 November 2018    Published: 24 December 2018
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Abstract

Measurement of urine albumin excretion rate (AER) over a 24-h period is considered the gold standard technique for detecting albuminuria. However, the procedure is highly inconvenient for most patients. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of albumin to creatinine ratio in spot urine (UACR) as a surrogate to 24-h urine AER in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional study included 92 patients with CKD (51 men and 41 women) admitted to Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital from January to October 2014. The 24-h AER was obtained using 24-h urine samples and the UACR was determined from a morning-void urine sample. Serum creatinine level was determined and general urine examination was performed using standard methods. Patients were divided into three groups according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR; ≥60, 30–59, and 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2). Pearson’s correlation coefficients for ACR vs. 24-h AER were 0.609 (P < 0.0001) and 0.532 (P < 0.0001) for men and women, respectively. In the GFR groups, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were, in the order listed above, 0.681 (P = 0.0001), 0.820 (P = < 0.001), 0.865 (P = 0.002) in men, and 0.721 (P = 0.01), 0.865 (P = 0.002), and 0.756 (P = 0.04) in women. In conclusion UACR determined using morning urine samples is fairley correlated with 24-h urine AER and is more practical and convenient for both the patient and the physician.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajlm.20180306.11
Published in American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2018)
Page(s) 48-52
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Albuminuria, Chronic Kidney Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Nephropathy, Urine Sample

References
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[3] Côté AM, Firoz T, Mattman A, Lam EM, von Dadelszen P, Magee LA (2008) The 24-hour urine collection: Gold standard or historical practice? Am J Obstet Gynecol 199: 625. e1-6.
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[5] Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium, Matsushita K, van der Velde M, Astor BC, Woodward M, Levey AS, de Jong PE, Coresh J, Gansevoort RT (2010) Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: A collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet 375: 2073–2081.
[6] Hemmelgarn BR, Manns BJ, Lloyd A, James MT, Klarenbach S, Quinn RR, Wiebe N, Tonelli M; Alberta Kidney Disease Network (2010) Relation between kidney function, proteinuria, and adverse outcomes. JAMA 303: 423–429.
[7] Ruggenenti P, Gaspari F, Perna A, Remuzzi G (1998) Cross sectional longitudinal study of spot morning urine protein: creatinine ratio, 24-hour urine protein excretion rate, glomerular filtration rate, and end stage renal failure in chronic renal disease in patients with diabetes. BMJ 316: 504–509.
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Author Information
  • Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

  • Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq

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  • APA Style

    Safauldeen Ahmed Alhajim, Ahmed Aubed Sherhan. (2018). Albumin to Creatinine Ratio Is Fairly Correlated with Albumin Excretion Rate in Chronic Kidney Disease. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 3(6), 48-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20180306.11

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    Safauldeen Ahmed Alhajim; Ahmed Aubed Sherhan. Albumin to Creatinine Ratio Is Fairly Correlated with Albumin Excretion Rate in Chronic Kidney Disease. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2018, 3(6), 48-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20180306.11

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    AMA Style

    Safauldeen Ahmed Alhajim, Ahmed Aubed Sherhan. Albumin to Creatinine Ratio Is Fairly Correlated with Albumin Excretion Rate in Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Lab Med. 2018;3(6):48-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20180306.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20180306.11,
      author = {Safauldeen Ahmed Alhajim and Ahmed Aubed Sherhan},
      title = {Albumin to Creatinine Ratio Is Fairly Correlated with Albumin Excretion Rate in Chronic Kidney Disease},
      journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
      volume = {3},
      number = {6},
      pages = {48-52},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20180306.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20180306.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20180306.11},
      abstract = {Measurement of urine albumin excretion rate (AER) over a 24-h period is considered the gold standard technique for detecting albuminuria. However, the procedure is highly inconvenient for most patients. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of albumin to creatinine ratio in spot urine (UACR) as a surrogate to 24-h urine AER in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional study included 92 patients with CKD (51 men and 41 women) admitted to Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital from January to October 2014. The 24-h AER was obtained using 24-h urine samples and the UACR was determined from a morning-void urine sample. Serum creatinine level was determined and general urine examination was performed using standard methods. Patients were divided into three groups according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR; ≥60, 30–59, and 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2). Pearson’s correlation coefficients for ACR vs. 24-h AER were 0.609 (P < 0.0001) and 0.532 (P < 0.0001) for men and women, respectively. In the GFR groups, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were, in the order listed above, 0.681 (P = 0.0001), 0.820 (P = < 0.001), 0.865 (P = 0.002) in men, and 0.721 (P = 0.01), 0.865 (P = 0.002), and 0.756 (P = 0.04) in women. In conclusion UACR determined using morning urine samples is fairley correlated with 24-h urine AER and is more practical and convenient for both the patient and the physician.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Albumin to Creatinine Ratio Is Fairly Correlated with Albumin Excretion Rate in Chronic Kidney Disease
    AU  - Safauldeen Ahmed Alhajim
    AU  - Ahmed Aubed Sherhan
    Y1  - 2018/12/24
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    T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
    JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
    JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20180306.11
    AB  - Measurement of urine albumin excretion rate (AER) over a 24-h period is considered the gold standard technique for detecting albuminuria. However, the procedure is highly inconvenient for most patients. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of albumin to creatinine ratio in spot urine (UACR) as a surrogate to 24-h urine AER in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional study included 92 patients with CKD (51 men and 41 women) admitted to Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital from January to October 2014. The 24-h AER was obtained using 24-h urine samples and the UACR was determined from a morning-void urine sample. Serum creatinine level was determined and general urine examination was performed using standard methods. Patients were divided into three groups according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR; ≥60, 30–59, and 15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2). Pearson’s correlation coefficients for ACR vs. 24-h AER were 0.609 (P < 0.0001) and 0.532 (P < 0.0001) for men and women, respectively. In the GFR groups, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were, in the order listed above, 0.681 (P = 0.0001), 0.820 (P = < 0.001), 0.865 (P = 0.002) in men, and 0.721 (P = 0.01), 0.865 (P = 0.002), and 0.756 (P = 0.04) in women. In conclusion UACR determined using morning urine samples is fairley correlated with 24-h urine AER and is more practical and convenient for both the patient and the physician.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 6
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