| Peer-Reviewed

Frequency of Serological Markers of Chlamydia trachomatis in Cases of Ectopic Pregnancy in Antananarivo Madagascar

Received: 5 July 2017    Accepted: 4 August 2017    Published: 24 October 2017
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacteria responsible of the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease worldwide, causing severe tubal damage responsible of ectopic pregnancy. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of chlamydia in women with ectopic pregnancy ruptured in a reference hospital of capital town of Madagascar. Patients and methods: This is a transversal and descriptive study of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis IgG cases among ectopic pregnancy seen at the University Hospital of Obstetrics Gynecology Befelatanana (CHUGOB) from 01 February to 30 May 2015. Results: During the study period, we recorded 41 cases with a overall rate of ectopic pregnancy of 2.04% when reported to the total number of deliveries. (n: 2347)The average age of patients was 30.50 years with predominance in primiparous (66%). More than half of the patients had at least one risk factor and 90% had a history of abortion induced and spontaneous miscarriage. The frequency of positive Chlamydia trachomatis IgG is 20.83% (n: 10) among which 7 presented pathological fallopian tube. Conclusion: The best way to avoid complications is precocious screening, but the cost of the screening tests remains an obstacle in developing countries like Madagascar.

Published in American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.14
Page(s) 99-103
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chlamydia trachomatis, Ectopic Pregnancy, Madagascar

References
[1] Price, M. J., Ades, A. E., Soldan, K., Welton, N. J., Macleod, J., Simms, I., & Horner, P. J. (2016). The natural history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women: a multi-parameter evidence synthesis.
[2] Butts S, Sammel M, Hummel A, Chittams J, & Barnhart K. Risk factors and clinical features of recurrent ectopic pregnancy: a case control study. Fertility and sterility 2003; 80(6), 1340-1344.
[3] Shaw JLV, Dey SK, Critchley HOD, & Horne AW. Current knowledge of the aetiology of human tubal ectopic pregnancy. Human reproduction update 2010; dmp057.
[4] Harijaona V, Ramambason JD, Morisset R, Rasamindrakotroka A & Ravaoarinoro M. Prevalence of and risk factors for sexually-transmitted infections in hidden female sex workers. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 2009; 39, 909–913.
[5] Behets FM, Rasolofomanana JR, Van Damme K et al. Evidence-based treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted infections developed with and for female sex workers. Tropical Medicine & International Health 2003, 8(3), 251-258.
[6] Ratinahirana S, Razanamparany PV, Radaniarison H, Ratsimanohatra E, & Rakotozafy G. Aspects actuels de la grossesse extra-utérine à Nosy Be (Madagascar), de novembre 1993 à février 1995. Cahiers d'études et de recherches francophones/Santé 1997, 7(1), 19-23.
[7] Ness R, Randall H, Richter H, et al. Condom use and the risk of recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, or infertility following an episode of pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Public Health. 2004; 94(8):1327–1329.
[8] Bachmann L, Richey C, Waites K, Schwebke J, Hook III WE. Patterns of Chlamydia trachomatis testing and follow-up at a University Hospital Medical Center. Sex Transm Dis. 1999; 26 (9):496–509.
[9] Ness R, Smith K, Chang C, Schisterman E, Bass D. Prediction of pelvic inflammatory disease among young, single, sexually active women. Sex Transm Dis. 2006; 33 (3):137–142.
[10] Taylor B D, Haggerty, C L. Management of Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection: screening and treatment challenges. Infect Drug Resist 2011, 4(1), 19-29.
[11] World Health Organization Global prevalence and incidence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections: Overview and estimates. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2001/WHO_HIV_AIDS_2001.02.pdf. Accessed Jul 15, 2010.
[12] Imai H, Nakao H, Shinohara H, et al. Population-based study of asymptomatic infection with Chlamydia trachomatis among female and male students. Int J STD AIDS. 2010; 21(5): 362–366.
[13] Miller W, Ford C, Morris M, et al. Prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections among young adults in the United States. JAMA. 2004; 291(18): 2229–2236.
[14] Oakeshott P, Kerry S, Aghaizu A et al. Randomised controlled trial of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease: the POPI (prevention of pelvic infection) trial. BMJ 2010; 340: c1642.
[15] Machado ACS, Guimarães EMB, Sakurai E, Fioravante FCR., Amaral W N, Alves, MFC. High titers of Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies in Brazilian women with tubal occlusion or previous ectopic pregnancy. Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, 2007.
[16] Kihlstrom, R. Lindgren, and G. Ryden, Antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in women with infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy, European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 1990; vol. 35, no. 2-3, pp. 199–204,.
[17] Leclerc A, Frost E, Collet M, Goeman J, Bedjabaga L. Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis in Gabon: an unrecognised epidemic. Genitourinary medicine 1998, 64(5), 308-311.
[18] Ville Y, Leruez M, Glowaczower E, Robertson JN, Ward ME. The role of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the aetiology of ectopic pregnancy in Gabon. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 1991, 98(12), 1260-1266.
[19] Wallace, L. A., Scoular, A., Hart, G., Reid, M., Wilson, P., & Goldberg, D. J. (2008). What is the excess risk of infertility in women after genital chlamydia infection? A systematic review of the evidence. Sexually transmitted infections, 84(3), 171-175.
[20] Hornung, S., Thuong, B. C., Gyger, J., Kebbi-Beghdadi, C., Vasilevsky, S., Greub, G., & Baud, D. (2015). Role of Chlamydia trachomatis and emerging Chlamydia-related bacteria in ectopic pregnancy in Vietnam. Epidemiology & Infection, 143(12), 2635-2638.
[21] Land JA, Van Bergen JEAM, Morre SA, Postma, MJ. Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women and the cost-effectiveness of screening. Human reproduction update 2010, 16(2), 189-204.
[22] Akande VA, Hunt LP, Cahill DJ, Caul EO, Ford WCL, Jenkins JM. Tubal damage in infertile women: prediction using chlamydia serology. Hum Reprod 2003; 18:1841–1847.
[23] Gijsen AP, Land JA, Goossens VJ, Slobbe MEP, Bruggeman CA. Chlamydia antibody testing in screening for tubal factor subfertility: the significance of IgG antibody decline over time. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:699–703.
[24] Stephens AJ, Aubuchon M, Schust DJ. Antichlamydial antibodies, human fertility and pregnancy wastage. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2011.
[25] Van Valkengoed IGM, Morre´ SM, van den Brule AJC, Meijer CJLM, Bouter LM, Boeke AJP. Overestimation of complication rates in evaluations of Chlamydia trachomatis screening programmes implications for cost-effectiveness analyses. Int J Epidemiol 2004; 33:416–425.
[26] Evans C, Das C, Kinghorn G. A retrospective study of recurrent chlamydia infection in men and women: Is there a role for targeted screening for those at risk? Int J STD AIDS. 2009; 20(3):188–192.
[27] Abdelsamed H, Peters J, Byrne GI. Genetic variation in Chla-mydia trachomatis and their hosts: impact on disease severity and tissue tropism. Future Microbiol 2013; 8:1129—46.
[28] Rank RG, Dascher C, Bowlin AK, Bavoil PM. Systemic immunization with Hsp60 alters the development of chlamydial ocular disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1995; 36:1344–1351.
[29] Peeling RW, Kimani J, Plummer F, Maclean I, Cheang M, Bwayo J, et al. Antibody to chlamydial hsp60 predicts an increased risk for chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease. J Infect Dis 1997; 175:1153—8.
[30] Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Wölner-Hanssen P, Money DM, Peeling RW, Brunham RC et al. Prevalence and correlates of antibody to chlamydial heat shock protein in women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics and women with confirmed pelvic inflammatory disease. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1997, 175(6), 1453-1458.
[31] De Barbeyrac B, Obeniche F, Peuchant O, Bébéar C. Méthodes de diagnostic des infections à Chlamydiae: directes et/ou sérodiagnostic? Que choisir?. Journal des Anti-infectieux 2014, 16(4), 185-191.
[32] Bakken I, Ghaderi S. Incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease in a large cohort of women tested for Chlamydia trachomatis: A historical follow-up study. BMC Infect Dis. 2009; 9: 130.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Randriamahazo Rakotomalala Toky, Anjaharisoniaina Narindra Tatiana, Razafindraibe Andriatompoina Felanarivo, Andrianampanalinarivo Rakotovao Hery, Rasamindrakotroka Andry. (2017). Frequency of Serological Markers of Chlamydia trachomatis in Cases of Ectopic Pregnancy in Antananarivo Madagascar. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2(5), 99-103. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Randriamahazo Rakotomalala Toky; Anjaharisoniaina Narindra Tatiana; Razafindraibe Andriatompoina Felanarivo; Andrianampanalinarivo Rakotovao Hery; Rasamindrakotroka Andry. Frequency of Serological Markers of Chlamydia trachomatis in Cases of Ectopic Pregnancy in Antananarivo Madagascar. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2017, 2(5), 99-103. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Randriamahazo Rakotomalala Toky, Anjaharisoniaina Narindra Tatiana, Razafindraibe Andriatompoina Felanarivo, Andrianampanalinarivo Rakotovao Hery, Rasamindrakotroka Andry. Frequency of Serological Markers of Chlamydia trachomatis in Cases of Ectopic Pregnancy in Antananarivo Madagascar. Am J Lab Med. 2017;2(5):99-103. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.14,
      author = {Randriamahazo Rakotomalala Toky and Anjaharisoniaina Narindra Tatiana and Razafindraibe Andriatompoina Felanarivo and Andrianampanalinarivo Rakotovao Hery and Rasamindrakotroka Andry},
      title = {Frequency of Serological Markers of Chlamydia trachomatis in Cases of Ectopic Pregnancy in Antananarivo Madagascar},
      journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
      volume = {2},
      number = {5},
      pages = {99-103},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20170205.14},
      abstract = {Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacteria responsible of the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease worldwide, causing severe tubal damage responsible of ectopic pregnancy. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of chlamydia in women with ectopic pregnancy ruptured in a reference hospital of capital town of Madagascar. Patients and methods: This is a transversal and descriptive study of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis IgG cases among ectopic pregnancy seen at the University Hospital of Obstetrics Gynecology Befelatanana (CHUGOB) from 01 February to 30 May 2015. Results: During the study period, we recorded 41 cases with a overall rate of ectopic pregnancy of 2.04% when reported to the total number of deliveries. (n: 2347)The average age of patients was 30.50 years with predominance in primiparous (66%). More than half of the patients had at least one risk factor and 90% had a history of abortion induced and spontaneous miscarriage. The frequency of positive Chlamydia trachomatis IgG is 20.83% (n: 10) among which 7 presented pathological fallopian tube. Conclusion: The best way to avoid complications is precocious screening, but the cost of the screening tests remains an obstacle in developing countries like Madagascar.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Frequency of Serological Markers of Chlamydia trachomatis in Cases of Ectopic Pregnancy in Antananarivo Madagascar
    AU  - Randriamahazo Rakotomalala Toky
    AU  - Anjaharisoniaina Narindra Tatiana
    AU  - Razafindraibe Andriatompoina Felanarivo
    AU  - Andrianampanalinarivo Rakotovao Hery
    AU  - Rasamindrakotroka Andry
    Y1  - 2017/10/24
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.14
    T2  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
    JF  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
    JO  - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine
    SP  - 99
    EP  - 103
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-386X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20170205.14
    AB  - Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacteria responsible of the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease worldwide, causing severe tubal damage responsible of ectopic pregnancy. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of chlamydia in women with ectopic pregnancy ruptured in a reference hospital of capital town of Madagascar. Patients and methods: This is a transversal and descriptive study of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis IgG cases among ectopic pregnancy seen at the University Hospital of Obstetrics Gynecology Befelatanana (CHUGOB) from 01 February to 30 May 2015. Results: During the study period, we recorded 41 cases with a overall rate of ectopic pregnancy of 2.04% when reported to the total number of deliveries. (n: 2347)The average age of patients was 30.50 years with predominance in primiparous (66%). More than half of the patients had at least one risk factor and 90% had a history of abortion induced and spontaneous miscarriage. The frequency of positive Chlamydia trachomatis IgG is 20.83% (n: 10) among which 7 presented pathological fallopian tube. Conclusion: The best way to avoid complications is precocious screening, but the cost of the screening tests remains an obstacle in developing countries like Madagascar.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Laboratory of medical biology, Befelatanana Obstetric Gynecological University Hospital (BOGUH), Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Gynecology service, Befelatanana Obstetric Gynecological University Hospital (BOGUH), Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Gynecology service, Befelatanana Obstetric Gynecological University Hospital (BOGUH), Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Gynecology service, Befelatanana Obstetric Gynecological University Hospital (BOGUH), Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Laboratory of medical biology, Befelatanana Obstetric Gynecological University Hospital (BOGUH), Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Sections