Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused mainly by bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and it remains a major public health problem. Globally, 9.6 Million people were ill and 1.5 million were died of Tuberculosis in 2014. In resource limited settings, tuberculosis diagnosis relies on sputum smear microscopy: with low and variable sensitivities, in adequately trained personnel, erratic reagent supplies, and poorly verified equipment. Thus there is a critical need for investment in laboratory capacity building and quality assured service. The objective of this study is to assess the performance and trend of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy external quality assessment program in Addis Ababa city Government. For this study a retrospective record review study was carried out among the participated AFB smear microscopy laboratories in Addis Ababa. The data was collected and summarized from 12 Jan. 2014 to March 20, 2015 in Addis Ababa Health research laboratory. The data entered in to EPI data V.3 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Percentage of agreement for smear positive and negative results between periphery diagnostic health facilities and the regional laboratory was 95% and 99%, respectively. They have an observed agreement (Po) of 0.9918 and an expected agreement (Pe) of 0.8290. Moreover, Calculated kappa value was 0.95 which is almost perfect agreement. The trend of discordant slides decreases as participation in Regional External Quality Assurance System (REQAS) increases. This study concludes with evidences from the result that, Quality assured laboratory is the cornerstone for effective tuberculosis control programme. Continuous participation in REQAS and drilling of laboratory personnel accordingly at regular intervals plays an important role for improving the quality of TB laboratory services.
| Published in | American Journal of Laboratory Medicine (Volume 1, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.12 |
| Page(s) | 9-15 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
EQA, Blinded Rechecking, AFB, Laboratory
| [1] | Global Tuberculosis Report 2012, World Health Organization, WHO/HTM/TB/2012.6, ISBN 978 92 4 156450. |
| [2] | World Health Organization. The Stop TB strategy. Available http:// www. who.int/tb/ strategy/stop_tb_strategy/en/print.html. Last accessed 2013 October 30. |
| [3] | federal democratic republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health (FMOH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; AFB microscopy EQA implementation Guideline 2013 (unpublished). |
| [4] | FMOH, guidelines for clinical and programmatic management of TB, TB/HIV and Leprosy in Ethiopia fifth edition, march, 2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. |
| [5] | Tuberculosis Global Emergency; advanced courses on Quality Assurance of Sputum Microscopy for AFS, May 2013, Module 10A. |
| [6] | Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute Infectious and Non Infectious Disease Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Document Number: CM- TP-01; Origin date: 19/7/10 Revision: Current Section: TB. |
| [7] | Quality assurance network in sputum smear microscopy under RNTCP. Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme. Central Tuberculosis Division. Directorate General of Health Services. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, 2001. |
| [8] | External Quality Assessment for AFB smear microscopy. PHL, CDC, IUATLD, KNCV, RIT. Association of Public Health Laboratories, Washington DC, 2002.). |
| [9] | Stop TB Partnership and WHO Global plan to stop TB 2006-2011, Geneva: WHO; 2006 (WHO/HTM/STB/2006.35). |
| [10] | The WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance. Anti-tuberculosis resistance in the world: fourth global report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008. WHO/HTM/TB/2008.394. |
| [11] | WHO Stop TB Strategy, Building on and enhancing DOTS to meet the TB-related Millennium Development Goals. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2006 (WHO/HTM/TB/2006.368). |
| [12] | International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Technical Guide Sputum Examination for Tuberculosis by Direct Microscopy in Low Income Countries Fifth edition 2000 68 boulevard Saint Michel, 75006 Paris, France. |
| [13] | Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Federal Ministry of Health. Guidelines for quality assurance of smear microscopy for tuberculosis diagnosis. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2009. |
| [14] | Yao K, McKinney B, Murphy A et al. Improving quality management systems of laboratories in developing countries. An innovative training approach to accelerate laboratory accreditation. Am J Clin Path. 2010; 134: 401-409. |
| [15] | Central Statistics Agency. Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. Central Statistical Agency, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, Dec. 2008. |
| [16] | Addis Ababa Health bureau, operational manual for regional HIV/AIDS care and treatment catchment team activities, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2011. |
| [17] | Abay Sisay, Tedla Mindaye, Abrham Tesfaye, EyobAbera, Adino Desale, Assessing the outcome of Strengthening Laboratory Management Towards Accreditation (SLMTA) on laboratory quality management system in city government of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The pan African Medical Journal. 2015; 20: 314. |
| [18] | Selvakumar N, et al. Proficiency to Read Sputum AFB Smears By Senior Tuberculosis Laboratory Supervisors Under Training at A Reference Laboratory In India, Indian J Tuberc 2005; 52: 11-14. |
| [19] | A. Van Rie; Sputum Smear Microscopy: Evaluation of Impact of Training, Microscope Distribution, and Use of External Quality Assessment Guidelines for Resource-Poor Settings. J ClinMicrobiol. 2008 March; 46 (3): 897–901. |
| [20] | G. S. MFINANGA et al, The quality of sputum smear microscopy diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Tanzania Health Research Bulletin (2007), Vol. 9, No. 3. |
| [21] | Mundy CJ, Harries AD, Banerjee A, Salaniponi FM, Gilks CF, Squire SB. Quality assessment of sputum transportation, smear preparation and AFB microscopy in a rural district in Malawi. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002 Jan; 6 (1): 47-54. |
| [22] | Estifanos B, Mohammed A, Bernt L. Quality control of sputum microscopic examinations for acid-fast bacilli in Southern Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2005; 19 (2): 104-108. |
APA Style
Abay Sisay Misganaw, Mulugeta Tsegaye Abebe, Adino Desale Lulie, Abrham Tesfaye Bika. (2016). External Quality Assessment (EQA) of Randomly Blinded Rechecking Slides on TB AFB Microscopy Laboratories: A Retrospective Study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. American Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 1(2), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.12
ACS Style
Abay Sisay Misganaw; Mulugeta Tsegaye Abebe; Adino Desale Lulie; Abrham Tesfaye Bika. External Quality Assessment (EQA) of Randomly Blinded Rechecking Slides on TB AFB Microscopy Laboratories: A Retrospective Study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Am. J. Lab. Med. 2016, 1(2), 9-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.12
AMA Style
Abay Sisay Misganaw, Mulugeta Tsegaye Abebe, Adino Desale Lulie, Abrham Tesfaye Bika. External Quality Assessment (EQA) of Randomly Blinded Rechecking Slides on TB AFB Microscopy Laboratories: A Retrospective Study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Am J Lab Med. 2016;1(2):9-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.12,
author = {Abay Sisay Misganaw and Mulugeta Tsegaye Abebe and Adino Desale Lulie and Abrham Tesfaye Bika},
title = {External Quality Assessment (EQA) of Randomly Blinded Rechecking Slides on TB AFB Microscopy Laboratories: A Retrospective Study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia},
journal = {American Journal of Laboratory Medicine},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {9-15},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajlm.20160102.12},
abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused mainly by bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and it remains a major public health problem. Globally, 9.6 Million people were ill and 1.5 million were died of Tuberculosis in 2014. In resource limited settings, tuberculosis diagnosis relies on sputum smear microscopy: with low and variable sensitivities, in adequately trained personnel, erratic reagent supplies, and poorly verified equipment. Thus there is a critical need for investment in laboratory capacity building and quality assured service. The objective of this study is to assess the performance and trend of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy external quality assessment program in Addis Ababa city Government. For this study a retrospective record review study was carried out among the participated AFB smear microscopy laboratories in Addis Ababa. The data was collected and summarized from 12 Jan. 2014 to March 20, 2015 in Addis Ababa Health research laboratory. The data entered in to EPI data V.3 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Percentage of agreement for smear positive and negative results between periphery diagnostic health facilities and the regional laboratory was 95% and 99%, respectively. They have an observed agreement (Po) of 0.9918 and an expected agreement (Pe) of 0.8290. Moreover, Calculated kappa value was 0.95 which is almost perfect agreement. The trend of discordant slides decreases as participation in Regional External Quality Assurance System (REQAS) increases. This study concludes with evidences from the result that, Quality assured laboratory is the cornerstone for effective tuberculosis control programme. Continuous participation in REQAS and drilling of laboratory personnel accordingly at regular intervals plays an important role for improving the quality of TB laboratory services.},
year = {2016}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - External Quality Assessment (EQA) of Randomly Blinded Rechecking Slides on TB AFB Microscopy Laboratories: A Retrospective Study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia AU - Abay Sisay Misganaw AU - Mulugeta Tsegaye Abebe AU - Adino Desale Lulie AU - Abrham Tesfaye Bika Y1 - 2016/09/12 PY - 2016 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.12 T2 - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine JF - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine JO - American Journal of Laboratory Medicine SP - 9 EP - 15 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-386X UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20160102.12 AB - Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused mainly by bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and it remains a major public health problem. Globally, 9.6 Million people were ill and 1.5 million were died of Tuberculosis in 2014. In resource limited settings, tuberculosis diagnosis relies on sputum smear microscopy: with low and variable sensitivities, in adequately trained personnel, erratic reagent supplies, and poorly verified equipment. Thus there is a critical need for investment in laboratory capacity building and quality assured service. The objective of this study is to assess the performance and trend of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy external quality assessment program in Addis Ababa city Government. For this study a retrospective record review study was carried out among the participated AFB smear microscopy laboratories in Addis Ababa. The data was collected and summarized from 12 Jan. 2014 to March 20, 2015 in Addis Ababa Health research laboratory. The data entered in to EPI data V.3 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Percentage of agreement for smear positive and negative results between periphery diagnostic health facilities and the regional laboratory was 95% and 99%, respectively. They have an observed agreement (Po) of 0.9918 and an expected agreement (Pe) of 0.8290. Moreover, Calculated kappa value was 0.95 which is almost perfect agreement. The trend of discordant slides decreases as participation in Regional External Quality Assurance System (REQAS) increases. This study concludes with evidences from the result that, Quality assured laboratory is the cornerstone for effective tuberculosis control programme. Continuous participation in REQAS and drilling of laboratory personnel accordingly at regular intervals plays an important role for improving the quality of TB laboratory services. VL - 1 IS - 2 ER -
Information
Email: