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Cost and Return of Selling Processed Sunflower Versus Unprocessed Sunflower by Smallholder Farmers in Dodoma Region, Tanzania

Received: 11 August 2020     Accepted: 22 August 2020     Published: 24 September 2020
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Abstract

This research assessed the motivation of farmers to sell sunflower oil and in seed form and its effects on profitability. Data was collected through survey of 194 smallholder farmers in Dodoma region. The gross margin model was used to analyze profitability and was compared using the difference of mean test between households that sell oil and those who sell in seed form. Tobit Regression Model was used to analyze the factors that affect the proportion of sunflower sold as seeds. Results show that, higher variable costs were observed to farmers who processing sunflower; but higher gross margins were observed to farmers who process sunflower. This implied that farmers selling sunflower oil are more profitable than those farmers selling in seed form. Sunflower oil price, amount of sunflower harvested, size of household, farmer groups have significant and positive relationships with the proportion of sunflower sold as seed. The distance to the nearest machine is negatively and significantly associated with the proportion of sunflower sold as seed. Farmers should be encouraged to process sunflower before sale through training and extension. Access to yield-enhancing inputs, marketing or processing in groups, private entrepreneurs set up processing plants closer to farmers, invest mobile processing through improvement of the rural road network are some interventions proposed in this study to help farmers reduce transactions costs of processing.

Published in International Journal of Agricultural Economics (Volume 5, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijae.20200505.15
Page(s) 181-186
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Smallholder Farmers, Processing, Sunflower, Profitability, Markets, Livelihoods

References
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[2] United Republic of Tanzania (URT) (2016). Sunflower Sector Development Strategy: 2016-2020.
[3] Match Maker Associates Limited (2016). Value Chain Analysis of Sunflower for the Regions of Ahuja, V., Deininger, U. D., and Haan, D. C. (2003). Market structure and the demand for veterinary services in India, Agricultural Economics 29 (2003) 27–42.
[4] TEOSA (2012). Assessment of the Potential of Edible Oilseeds Produced in Tanzania: The Case of the Sunflower and Sesame. [www.best-dialogue.org] visited on 25/08/2016.
[5] Match Maker Associates Limited (2015). Mapping Exercise for Food Processing and Marketing SMEs in Tanzania. A Report for Commissioned by SME Competitiveness Facility (SCF). 63 pp.
[6] USDA, 2016. Agricultural Marketing Service – Cotton and Tobacco Program, Cotton Varieties Planted 2014 Crop Report, Memphis, TN, 10 pp.
[7] Malk, M. A. and Sain, C. S. (2016). Engineering Properties of Sunflower Seed. Effects of Dehullling and Moisture Content. Cogent Food and Agriculture 3 (2): 1-11.
[8] Iringo, R. (2013). Sunflower Subsector. Collaboration between Sunflower Oil Processors and RLDC for Improved Sunflower Sector in Tanzania. A Power Point presentation. 12 pp.
[9] Salisali, B. M. (2015). Brief on Project Implementation Sunflower Sector. A Report for Rural Livelihood Development Programme (RLDP). 9 pp.
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[14] Astewel, T. (2016). Analysis of rice profitability and marketing chain: The case of Fogera Woreda, South Gondar zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Published Msc thesis of Hamaraya University, Ethiopia.
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[17] Banta, A. L., Kudi, T. M., and Ghartey, W. (2008). Analysis of profitability of transplanted rice in Fadamas of Zango Kataf Local government area of Kaduna state, Nigeria, Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences, Vol 6 No 2 (ISSN: 1597-0906).
[18] Manus, P. A., and Halim, A. (2010). Profitability of smallholder rice production in selected Agro-ecological zones of Papua New Guinea. Niugini Agrisaiens Vol 2 (1), 9-16.
[19] Bellemare, F. M., and Barrett, B. C. (2014). An Ordered Tobit: Model of Market Evidence from Kenya and Ethiopia.
[20] Komarek, A. (2010). The determinants of banana market commercialization in Western Uganda. African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 5 (9), pp. 775-784. Morogoro, Iringa, Mbeya and Rukwa. A study for ACT-Tanzania Agricultural Partnership. 17 pp.
[21] Otieno, J. D., Omiti, J., Nyanamba, T., and McCullough, E. (2009). Market participation by vegetable farmers in Kenya: A comparison of rural and peri-urban areas. African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 4 (5), 451-460.
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  • APA Style

    William George. (2020). Cost and Return of Selling Processed Sunflower Versus Unprocessed Sunflower by Smallholder Farmers in Dodoma Region, Tanzania. International Journal of Agricultural Economics, 5(5), 181-186. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20200505.15

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    ACS Style

    William George. Cost and Return of Selling Processed Sunflower Versus Unprocessed Sunflower by Smallholder Farmers in Dodoma Region, Tanzania. Int. J. Agric. Econ. 2020, 5(5), 181-186. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20200505.15

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    AMA Style

    William George. Cost and Return of Selling Processed Sunflower Versus Unprocessed Sunflower by Smallholder Farmers in Dodoma Region, Tanzania. Int J Agric Econ. 2020;5(5):181-186. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20200505.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijae.20200505.15,
      author = {William George},
      title = {Cost and Return of Selling Processed Sunflower Versus Unprocessed Sunflower by Smallholder Farmers in Dodoma Region, Tanzania},
      journal = {International Journal of Agricultural Economics},
      volume = {5},
      number = {5},
      pages = {181-186},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijae.20200505.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20200505.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijae.20200505.15},
      abstract = {This research assessed the motivation of farmers to sell sunflower oil and in seed form and its effects on profitability. Data was collected through survey of 194 smallholder farmers in Dodoma region. The gross margin model was used to analyze profitability and was compared using the difference of mean test between households that sell oil and those who sell in seed form. Tobit Regression Model was used to analyze the factors that affect the proportion of sunflower sold as seeds. Results show that, higher variable costs were observed to farmers who processing sunflower; but higher gross margins were observed to farmers who process sunflower. This implied that farmers selling sunflower oil are more profitable than those farmers selling in seed form. Sunflower oil price, amount of sunflower harvested, size of household, farmer groups have significant and positive relationships with the proportion of sunflower sold as seed. The distance to the nearest machine is negatively and significantly associated with the proportion of sunflower sold as seed. Farmers should be encouraged to process sunflower before sale through training and extension. Access to yield-enhancing inputs, marketing or processing in groups, private entrepreneurs set up processing plants closer to farmers, invest mobile processing through improvement of the rural road network are some interventions proposed in this study to help farmers reduce transactions costs of processing.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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    T1  - Cost and Return of Selling Processed Sunflower Versus Unprocessed Sunflower by Smallholder Farmers in Dodoma Region, Tanzania
    AU  - William George
    Y1  - 2020/09/24
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20200505.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijae.20200505.15
    T2  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
    JF  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
    JO  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
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    EP  - 186
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20200505.15
    AB  - This research assessed the motivation of farmers to sell sunflower oil and in seed form and its effects on profitability. Data was collected through survey of 194 smallholder farmers in Dodoma region. The gross margin model was used to analyze profitability and was compared using the difference of mean test between households that sell oil and those who sell in seed form. Tobit Regression Model was used to analyze the factors that affect the proportion of sunflower sold as seeds. Results show that, higher variable costs were observed to farmers who processing sunflower; but higher gross margins were observed to farmers who process sunflower. This implied that farmers selling sunflower oil are more profitable than those farmers selling in seed form. Sunflower oil price, amount of sunflower harvested, size of household, farmer groups have significant and positive relationships with the proportion of sunflower sold as seed. The distance to the nearest machine is negatively and significantly associated with the proportion of sunflower sold as seed. Farmers should be encouraged to process sunflower before sale through training and extension. Access to yield-enhancing inputs, marketing or processing in groups, private entrepreneurs set up processing plants closer to farmers, invest mobile processing through improvement of the rural road network are some interventions proposed in this study to help farmers reduce transactions costs of processing.
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Author Information
  • Department of Economics, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania

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