American Journal of Chemical Engineering

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The Exploration of Biasing Voltage Range on Implantable Microscale Electrochemical Sensors for Post-Surgery Cancer Recurrence Monitoring

Received: 11 December 2015    Accepted:     Published: 11 December 2015
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Abstract

Cancer surgery prognosis currently relies heavily on expensive diagnostics devices that have limited availability to patients. Minute-to-minute cancer recurrence monitoring device is needed. This paper investigates a novel design and simulation of Implantable micro-scale, minute-to-minute sensors of low manufacture cost. In Cadence simulation software, electrochemical sensor array circuit in 0.35 micron complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process was designed. The simulated circuit supported both pH ISFET sensor and soluble oxygen level O2-FET sensor. The simulation result showed that the circuit’s output voltage has optimal sensitivity when ISFET Vgate was biased at range of 2.29-2.49 volts. The output voltage in this biasing scheme varies linearly with the input voltage Vgate making it ideal region for monitoring of cancer. The appropriate biasing of ISFET Vgate voltage found by simulation is within 2.29-2.49 volts. In the case of pH measurements, the sensitivity can be up to 0.02 pH in a minute-to-minute pH probing device for cancer prognosis tracking. Other chemical probes such as O2-FET and Oct4 sensors are also supported by the device architecture.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajche.20150306.11
Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015)
Page(s) 74-79
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bioelectronics, Electrochemical Sensor, Cancer Prognosis, Microelectromechamical Systems (MEMS), pH, Nanowire-Sensor

References
[1] DeSantis, C. et al., “Cancer Treatment and Survivorship Statistics”, 2014, CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol. 64 (4), pp. 252-271.
[2] Cumming, D., “ISFET sensor system for real-time detection of extracellular pH oscillations in slime mould”. Electronics Letters, 2012, 48, pp. 144-146.
[3] Corbin, E. et al. “Biophysical properties of human breast cancer cells measured using silicon MEMS resonators and atomic force microscopy”, lab on a chip, 2015, vol. 15. pp. 839-847.
[4] Chen, P., Humayun, M., Tai, Y., “Implantable parylene-based wireless intraocular pressure sensor”. IEEE 21st international conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, 2008: 58–61.
[5] Bergveld, P., “Thirty years of ISFETOLOGY What happened in the past 30 years and what may happen in the next 30 years.” Sensors and Actuators B, 2003, 88: 1–20.
[6] Milgrewa, M., Riehleb, M., Cumming, D. “A large transistor-based sensor array chip for direct extracellular imaging.” Sensors and Actuators B, 2005, 111: 347–353.
[7] Hal, R., Eijkel, J., Bergveld, P. A novel description of ISFET sensitivity with the buffer capacity and double-layer capacitance as key parameters. Sensors and Actuators B, 24-25, 1995, pp. 201-205.
[8] Gerweck, L., Seetharaman, K. cellular pH gradient in tumor versus normal tissue: potential exploration for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Research. 1996, 56 (6):1194-1198.
[9] Wanekaya, A. et al. “Nanowire-Based Electrochemical Biosensors. Electroanalysis” 2006, vol. 18 (6), pp. 533–550.
[10] [10] Wykoff, C., Beasley, N. et al. Hypoxia-inducible Expression of Tumor-associated Carbonic Anhydrases. Cancer Research. 2000, 60, pp. 7075-7083.
[11] Atlasi, Y., Mowla, S. et al: ‘OCT-4, an embryonic stem cell marker, is highly expressed in bladder cancer’, International Journal of Cancer , 2007, 120, (7), pp. 1598-1602.
[12] Peres, W. et al. “Nanostructured gold dsDNA sensor for early detection of breast cancer by beta protein 1 (BP1)”, Journal of electroanalytical chemistry, 2015; vol. 751 pp. 49-56.
Author Information
  • Scottish Microelectronics Centre, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh City, UK

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    Lidi Jie. (2015). The Exploration of Biasing Voltage Range on Implantable Microscale Electrochemical Sensors for Post-Surgery Cancer Recurrence Monitoring. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 3(6), 74-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20150306.11

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    Lidi Jie. The Exploration of Biasing Voltage Range on Implantable Microscale Electrochemical Sensors for Post-Surgery Cancer Recurrence Monitoring. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2015, 3(6), 74-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20150306.11

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    Lidi Jie. The Exploration of Biasing Voltage Range on Implantable Microscale Electrochemical Sensors for Post-Surgery Cancer Recurrence Monitoring. Am J Chem Eng. 2015;3(6):74-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20150306.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajche.20150306.11,
      author = {Lidi Jie},
      title = {The Exploration of Biasing Voltage Range on Implantable Microscale Electrochemical Sensors for Post-Surgery Cancer Recurrence Monitoring},
      journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
      volume = {3},
      number = {6},
      pages = {74-79},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20150306.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20150306.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20150306.11},
      abstract = {Cancer surgery prognosis currently relies heavily on expensive diagnostics devices that have limited availability to patients. Minute-to-minute cancer recurrence monitoring device is needed. This paper investigates a novel design and simulation of Implantable micro-scale, minute-to-minute sensors of low manufacture cost. In Cadence simulation software, electrochemical sensor array circuit in 0.35 micron complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process was designed. The simulated circuit supported both pH ISFET sensor and soluble oxygen level O2-FET sensor. The simulation result showed that the circuit’s output voltage has optimal sensitivity when ISFET Vgate was biased at range of 2.29-2.49 volts. The output voltage in this biasing scheme varies linearly with the input voltage Vgate making it ideal region for monitoring of cancer. The appropriate biasing of ISFET Vgate voltage found by simulation is within 2.29-2.49 volts. In the case of pH measurements, the sensitivity can be up to 0.02 pH in a minute-to-minute pH probing device for cancer prognosis tracking. Other chemical probes such as O2-FET and Oct4 sensors are also supported by the device architecture.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20150306.11
    T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
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    AB  - Cancer surgery prognosis currently relies heavily on expensive diagnostics devices that have limited availability to patients. Minute-to-minute cancer recurrence monitoring device is needed. This paper investigates a novel design and simulation of Implantable micro-scale, minute-to-minute sensors of low manufacture cost. In Cadence simulation software, electrochemical sensor array circuit in 0.35 micron complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process was designed. The simulated circuit supported both pH ISFET sensor and soluble oxygen level O2-FET sensor. The simulation result showed that the circuit’s output voltage has optimal sensitivity when ISFET Vgate was biased at range of 2.29-2.49 volts. The output voltage in this biasing scheme varies linearly with the input voltage Vgate making it ideal region for monitoring of cancer. The appropriate biasing of ISFET Vgate voltage found by simulation is within 2.29-2.49 volts. In the case of pH measurements, the sensitivity can be up to 0.02 pH in a minute-to-minute pH probing device for cancer prognosis tracking. Other chemical probes such as O2-FET and Oct4 sensors are also supported by the device architecture.
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