Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of <i>Tephrosia vogelii</i> on <i>Heterobranchus longifilis</i> Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840)

Anju Dennis Teryila; Cheikyula Joseph; Animem William; Makeri Victoria Averen; Odo Joel

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16

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Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840)

Anju Dennis Teryila, Cheikyula Joseph, Animem William, Makeri Victoria Averen, Odo Joel

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 8, Issue 4)

Received: 12 June 2020 Accepted: 22 June 2020 Published: 28 July 2020

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Abstract

The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of the aqueous leaf and freeze-dried leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii as tranquilizers on an African catfish, Hetetobranchus longifilis post juveniles (mean weight 115.00±25.00g) obtained from wild stock. They were acclimatized under laboratory conditions for two weeks prior to the commencement of the experiment. The fish were fed once a day at 9.00 hours at 4% body weight during the period of acclimatization. Each tank containing acclimatization water was aerated to enhance dissolved oxygen, and water was changed daily to prevent metabolic waste build up. Experimental fish were starved for 24 hours prior to sedation to prevent regurgitation from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Four healthy Hetetobranchus longifilis were selected randomly from both the control and treatment groups. Each fish was weighted and injected 0.05ml of aqueous and freeze-dried leaf extracts at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06g/ℓ using №. 23 needle and a 2ml heparinized syringe. Injection was done intramuscularly (IM) at the dorsal saddle just above the lateral line behind the operculum. Fish in the control group were injected with distilled water. Injected fish were observed for behavioural responses. The result showed that H. longifilis injected with the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii passed sequentially through the first three stages of anaesthesia but could not attain total loss of equilibrium (stage 4 of anaesthsia). Behavioural responses included mucus secretion, slow and erratic swimming, excrement discharge, increase in opercular beat rate, strong retension of reflex action, partial loss of equilibrium and colour change. The induction time decreased with increasing concentration of the anaesthetic extract. The recovery time followed the reverse order. The opercular beat rates, before and after sedation in the treatment groups showed increase over that in the control group and it increased with increasing concentration. The result of the experiment with aqueous leaf extract showed that there was no significant difference in opercular beat rate after sedation in all centrations used (P>0.05). The result also showed that at higher concentration (0.06g/ℓ) induction was time 44.67 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time was 83.70 seconds. In the case of the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii the induction at concentration 0.06g/ℓ was 49.33 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time 76.67 seconds.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16
Page(s)	131-136
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heterobranchus longifilis, Aqueous Leaf Extracts, Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts, Tephrosia Vogelii

References

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Anju Dennis Teryila, Cheikyula Joseph, Animem William, Makeri Victoria Averen, Odo Joel. (2020). Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840). American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 8(4), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16

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Anju Dennis Teryila; Cheikyula Joseph; Animem William; Makeri Victoria Averen; Odo Joel. Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840). Am. J. Agric. For. 2020, 8(4), 131-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16

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AMA Style

Anju Dennis Teryila, Cheikyula Joseph, Animem William, Makeri Victoria Averen, Odo Joel. Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840). Am J Agric For. 2020;8(4):131-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16,
  author = {Anju Dennis Teryila and Cheikyula Joseph and Animem William and Makeri Victoria Averen and Odo Joel},
  title = {Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840)},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {131-136},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20200804.16},
  abstract = {The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of the aqueous leaf and freeze-dried leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii as tranquilizers on an African catfish, Hetetobranchus longifilis post juveniles (mean weight 115.00±25.00g) obtained from wild stock. They were acclimatized under laboratory conditions for two weeks prior to the commencement of the experiment. The fish were fed once a day at 9.00 hours at 4% body weight during the period of acclimatization. Each tank containing acclimatization water was aerated to enhance dissolved oxygen, and water was changed daily to prevent metabolic waste build up. Experimental fish were starved for 24 hours prior to sedation to prevent regurgitation from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Four healthy Hetetobranchus longifilis were selected randomly from both the control and treatment groups. Each fish was weighted and injected 0.05ml of aqueous and freeze-dried leaf extracts at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06g/ℓ using №. 23 needle and a 2ml heparinized syringe. Injection was done intramuscularly (IM) at the dorsal saddle just above the lateral line behind the operculum. Fish in the control group were injected with distilled water. Injected fish were observed for behavioural responses. The result showed that H. longifilis injected with the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii passed sequentially through the first three stages of anaesthesia but could not attain total loss of equilibrium (stage 4 of anaesthsia). Behavioural responses included mucus secretion, slow and erratic swimming, excrement discharge, increase in opercular beat rate, strong retension of reflex action, partial loss of equilibrium and colour change. The induction time decreased with increasing concentration of the anaesthetic extract. The recovery time followed the reverse order. The opercular beat rates, before and after sedation in the treatment groups showed increase over that in the control group and it increased with increasing concentration. The result of the experiment with aqueous leaf extract showed that there was no significant difference in opercular beat rate after sedation in all centrations used (P>0.05). The result also showed that at higher concentration (0.06g/ℓ) induction was time 44.67 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time was 83.70 seconds. In the case of the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii the induction at concentration 0.06g/ℓ was 49.33 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time 76.67 seconds.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840)
AU - Anju Dennis Teryila
AU - Cheikyula Joseph
AU - Animem William
AU - Makeri Victoria Averen
AU - Odo Joel
Y1 - 2020/07/28
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16
DO - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16
T2 - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP - 131
EP - 136
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-8591
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16
AB - The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of the aqueous leaf and freeze-dried leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii as tranquilizers on an African catfish, Hetetobranchus longifilis post juveniles (mean weight 115.00±25.00g) obtained from wild stock. They were acclimatized under laboratory conditions for two weeks prior to the commencement of the experiment. The fish were fed once a day at 9.00 hours at 4% body weight during the period of acclimatization. Each tank containing acclimatization water was aerated to enhance dissolved oxygen, and water was changed daily to prevent metabolic waste build up. Experimental fish were starved for 24 hours prior to sedation to prevent regurgitation from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Four healthy Hetetobranchus longifilis were selected randomly from both the control and treatment groups. Each fish was weighted and injected 0.05ml of aqueous and freeze-dried leaf extracts at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06g/ℓ using №. 23 needle and a 2ml heparinized syringe. Injection was done intramuscularly (IM) at the dorsal saddle just above the lateral line behind the operculum. Fish in the control group were injected with distilled water. Injected fish were observed for behavioural responses. The result showed that H. longifilis injected with the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii passed sequentially through the first three stages of anaesthesia but could not attain total loss of equilibrium (stage 4 of anaesthsia). Behavioural responses included mucus secretion, slow and erratic swimming, excrement discharge, increase in opercular beat rate, strong retension of reflex action, partial loss of equilibrium and colour change. The induction time decreased with increasing concentration of the anaesthetic extract. The recovery time followed the reverse order. The opercular beat rates, before and after sedation in the treatment groups showed increase over that in the control group and it increased with increasing concentration. The result of the experiment with aqueous leaf extract showed that there was no significant difference in opercular beat rate after sedation in all centrations used (P>0.05). The result also showed that at higher concentration (0.06g/ℓ) induction was time 44.67 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time was 83.70 seconds. In the case of the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii the induction at concentration 0.06g/ℓ was 49.33 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time 76.67 seconds.
VL - 8
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Anju Dennis Teryila

Department of Fisheries Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, Nigeria
Cheikyula Joseph

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
Animem William

Department of Fisheries Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, Nigeria
Makeri Victoria Averen

Department of Fisheries Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture, Yandev, Nigeria
Odo Joel

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

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Anju Dennis Teryila, Cheikyula Joseph, Animem William, Makeri Victoria Averen, Odo Joel. (2020). Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840). American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 8(4), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16

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Anju Dennis Teryila; Cheikyula Joseph; Animem William; Makeri Victoria Averen; Odo Joel. Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840). Am. J. Agric. For. 2020, 8(4), 131-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16

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AMA Style

Anju Dennis Teryila, Cheikyula Joseph, Animem William, Makeri Victoria Averen, Odo Joel. Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840). Am J Agric For. 2020;8(4):131-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16,
  author = {Anju Dennis Teryila and Cheikyula Joseph and Animem William and Makeri Victoria Averen and Odo Joel},
  title = {Comparative Effects of Aqueous and Freeze Dried Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii on Heterobranchus longifilis Juveniles Val. (Pisces: 1840)},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {131-136},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200804.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20200804.16},
  abstract = {The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of the aqueous leaf and freeze-dried leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii as tranquilizers on an African catfish, Hetetobranchus longifilis post juveniles (mean weight 115.00±25.00g) obtained from wild stock. They were acclimatized under laboratory conditions for two weeks prior to the commencement of the experiment. The fish were fed once a day at 9.00 hours at 4% body weight during the period of acclimatization. Each tank containing acclimatization water was aerated to enhance dissolved oxygen, and water was changed daily to prevent metabolic waste build up. Experimental fish were starved for 24 hours prior to sedation to prevent regurgitation from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). Four healthy Hetetobranchus longifilis were selected randomly from both the control and treatment groups. Each fish was weighted and injected 0.05ml of aqueous and freeze-dried leaf extracts at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06g/ℓ using №. 23 needle and a 2ml heparinized syringe. Injection was done intramuscularly (IM) at the dorsal saddle just above the lateral line behind the operculum. Fish in the control group were injected with distilled water. Injected fish were observed for behavioural responses. The result showed that H. longifilis injected with the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii passed sequentially through the first three stages of anaesthesia but could not attain total loss of equilibrium (stage 4 of anaesthsia). Behavioural responses included mucus secretion, slow and erratic swimming, excrement discharge, increase in opercular beat rate, strong retension of reflex action, partial loss of equilibrium and colour change. The induction time decreased with increasing concentration of the anaesthetic extract. The recovery time followed the reverse order. The opercular beat rates, before and after sedation in the treatment groups showed increase over that in the control group and it increased with increasing concentration. The result of the experiment with aqueous leaf extract showed that there was no significant difference in opercular beat rate after sedation in all centrations used (P>0.05). The result also showed that at higher concentration (0.06g/ℓ) induction was time 44.67 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time was 83.70 seconds. In the case of the freeze-dried leaf extract of T. vogelii the induction at concentration 0.06g/ℓ was 49.33 seconds while at concentration 0.02g/ℓ induction time 76.67 seconds.},
 year = {2020}
}

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