Photorhabdus Luminescens: Virulent Properties and Agricultural Applications

Elizabeth Gerdes; Devang Upadhyay; Sivanadane Mandjiny; Rebecca Bullard-Dillard; Meredith Storms; Michael Menefee; Leonard D. Holmes

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12

Photorhabdus Luminescens: Virulent Properties and Agricultural Applications

Elizabeth Gerdes, Devang Upadhyay, Sivanadane Mandjiny, Rebecca Bullard-Dillard, Meredith Storms, Michael Menefee, Leonard D. Holmes

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 21 July 2015 Accepted: 1 August 2015 Published: 10 August 2015

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Abstract

Photorhabdus luminescens is a gram-negative, bioluminescent bacterium from the family Enterobacteriaceae which has been found in countries across the globe. It is part of a symbiotic relationship with, and resides in the gut of the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Photorhabdus luminescens produces many virulence factors, toxin complexes and antimicrobial compounds which allow it to kill insect hosts while simultaneously protecting itself and its symbiotic partner from other bacteria. Due to its virulent properties and the ability to infect a wide range of insect hosts, the Photorhabdus luminescens-Heterorhabditis bacteriophora relationship is a promising candidate for agricultural use as a mass produced biological control agent. The use of Photorhabdus luminescens has been deemed safe towards humans, animals, non-target insects, plants, as well as the environment. The entomopathogenic nematode is also exempt from registration regulations in most countries. The significance of Photorhabdus luminescens is the potential for an insecticide that allows different species of insect pests to be effectively controlled by a single natural product rather than multiple chemical products. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with an overview of the safety of Photorhabdus luminescens to the community and environment, to inform readers of the virulence factors associated with the bacteria, and to outline the potential the product possesses as a mass produced biological control agent.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12
Page(s)	171-177
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Photorhabdus Luminescens, Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora, Symbiosis, Bioluminescence, Biocontrol Agent

References

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APA Style

Elizabeth Gerdes, Devang Upadhyay, Sivanadane Mandjiny, Rebecca Bullard-Dillard, Meredith Storms, et al. (2015). Photorhabdus Luminescens: Virulent Properties and Agricultural Applications. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 3(5), 171-177. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12

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ACS Style

Elizabeth Gerdes; Devang Upadhyay; Sivanadane Mandjiny; Rebecca Bullard-Dillard; Meredith Storms, et al. Photorhabdus Luminescens: Virulent Properties and Agricultural Applications. Am. J. Agric. For. 2015, 3(5), 171-177. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12

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AMA Style

Elizabeth Gerdes, Devang Upadhyay, Sivanadane Mandjiny, Rebecca Bullard-Dillard, Meredith Storms, et al. Photorhabdus Luminescens: Virulent Properties and Agricultural Applications. Am J Agric For. 2015;3(5):171-177. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12,
  author = {Elizabeth Gerdes and Devang Upadhyay and Sivanadane Mandjiny and Rebecca Bullard-Dillard and Meredith Storms and Michael Menefee and Leonard D. Holmes},
  title = {Photorhabdus Luminescens: Virulent Properties and Agricultural Applications},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {171-177},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20150305.12},
  abstract = {Photorhabdus luminescens is a gram-negative, bioluminescent bacterium from the family Enterobacteriaceae which has been found in countries across the globe. It is part of a symbiotic relationship with, and resides in the gut of the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Photorhabdus luminescens produces many virulence factors, toxin complexes and antimicrobial compounds which allow it to kill insect hosts while simultaneously protecting itself and its symbiotic partner from other bacteria. Due to its virulent properties and the ability to infect a wide range of insect hosts, the Photorhabdus luminescens-Heterorhabditis bacteriophora relationship is a promising candidate for agricultural use as a mass produced biological control agent. The use of Photorhabdus luminescens has been deemed safe towards humans, animals, non-target insects, plants, as well as the environment. The entomopathogenic nematode is also exempt from registration regulations in most countries. The significance of Photorhabdus luminescens is the potential for an insecticide that allows different species of insect pests to be effectively controlled by a single natural product rather than multiple chemical products. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with an overview of the safety of Photorhabdus luminescens to the community and environment, to inform readers of the virulence factors associated with the bacteria, and to outline the potential the product possesses as a mass produced biological control agent.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Photorhabdus Luminescens: Virulent Properties and Agricultural Applications
AU  - Elizabeth Gerdes
AU  - Devang Upadhyay
AU  - Sivanadane Mandjiny
AU  - Rebecca Bullard-Dillard
AU  - Meredith Storms
AU  - Michael Menefee
AU  - Leonard D. Holmes
Y1  - 2015/08/10
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 171
EP  - 177
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12
AB  - Photorhabdus luminescens is a gram-negative, bioluminescent bacterium from the family Enterobacteriaceae which has been found in countries across the globe. It is part of a symbiotic relationship with, and resides in the gut of the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Photorhabdus luminescens produces many virulence factors, toxin complexes and antimicrobial compounds which allow it to kill insect hosts while simultaneously protecting itself and its symbiotic partner from other bacteria. Due to its virulent properties and the ability to infect a wide range of insect hosts, the Photorhabdus luminescens-Heterorhabditis bacteriophora relationship is a promising candidate for agricultural use as a mass produced biological control agent. The use of Photorhabdus luminescens has been deemed safe towards humans, animals, non-target insects, plants, as well as the environment. The entomopathogenic nematode is also exempt from registration regulations in most countries. The significance of Photorhabdus luminescens is the potential for an insecticide that allows different species of insect pests to be effectively controlled by a single natural product rather than multiple chemical products. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with an overview of the safety of Photorhabdus luminescens to the community and environment, to inform readers of the virulence factors associated with the bacteria, and to outline the potential the product possesses as a mass produced biological control agent.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Elizabeth Gerdes

Sartorius Stedim Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, USA
Devang Upadhyay

Sartorius Stedim Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, USA
Sivanadane Mandjiny

Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, USA
Rebecca Bullard-Dillard

School of Graduate Studies and Research, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, USA
Meredith Storms

College of Arts & Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, USA
Michael Menefee

Thomas Family Center for Entrepreneurship, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, USA
Leonard D. Holmes

Sartorius Stedim Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research and Training Center, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, USA

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APA Style

Elizabeth Gerdes, Devang Upadhyay, Sivanadane Mandjiny, Rebecca Bullard-Dillard, Meredith Storms, et al. (2015). Photorhabdus Luminescens: Virulent Properties and Agricultural Applications. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 3(5), 171-177. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12

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ACS Style

Elizabeth Gerdes; Devang Upadhyay; Sivanadane Mandjiny; Rebecca Bullard-Dillard; Meredith Storms, et al. Photorhabdus Luminescens: Virulent Properties and Agricultural Applications. Am. J. Agric. For. 2015, 3(5), 171-177. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12

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AMA Style

Elizabeth Gerdes, Devang Upadhyay, Sivanadane Mandjiny, Rebecca Bullard-Dillard, Meredith Storms, et al. Photorhabdus Luminescens: Virulent Properties and Agricultural Applications. Am J Agric For. 2015;3(5):171-177. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12,
  author = {Elizabeth Gerdes and Devang Upadhyay and Sivanadane Mandjiny and Rebecca Bullard-Dillard and Meredith Storms and Michael Menefee and Leonard D. Holmes},
  title = {Photorhabdus Luminescens: Virulent Properties and Agricultural Applications},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {171-177},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20150305.12},
  abstract = {Photorhabdus luminescens is a gram-negative, bioluminescent bacterium from the family Enterobacteriaceae which has been found in countries across the globe. It is part of a symbiotic relationship with, and resides in the gut of the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Photorhabdus luminescens produces many virulence factors, toxin complexes and antimicrobial compounds which allow it to kill insect hosts while simultaneously protecting itself and its symbiotic partner from other bacteria. Due to its virulent properties and the ability to infect a wide range of insect hosts, the Photorhabdus luminescens-Heterorhabditis bacteriophora relationship is a promising candidate for agricultural use as a mass produced biological control agent. The use of Photorhabdus luminescens has been deemed safe towards humans, animals, non-target insects, plants, as well as the environment. The entomopathogenic nematode is also exempt from registration regulations in most countries. The significance of Photorhabdus luminescens is the potential for an insecticide that allows different species of insect pests to be effectively controlled by a single natural product rather than multiple chemical products. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with an overview of the safety of Photorhabdus luminescens to the community and environment, to inform readers of the virulence factors associated with the bacteria, and to outline the potential the product possesses as a mass produced biological control agent.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Photorhabdus Luminescens: Virulent Properties and Agricultural Applications
AU  - Elizabeth Gerdes
AU  - Devang Upadhyay
AU  - Sivanadane Mandjiny
AU  - Rebecca Bullard-Dillard
AU  - Meredith Storms
AU  - Michael Menefee
AU  - Leonard D. Holmes
Y1  - 2015/08/10
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 171
EP  - 177
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150305.12
AB  - Photorhabdus luminescens is a gram-negative, bioluminescent bacterium from the family Enterobacteriaceae which has been found in countries across the globe. It is part of a symbiotic relationship with, and resides in the gut of the entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Photorhabdus luminescens produces many virulence factors, toxin complexes and antimicrobial compounds which allow it to kill insect hosts while simultaneously protecting itself and its symbiotic partner from other bacteria. Due to its virulent properties and the ability to infect a wide range of insect hosts, the Photorhabdus luminescens-Heterorhabditis bacteriophora relationship is a promising candidate for agricultural use as a mass produced biological control agent. The use of Photorhabdus luminescens has been deemed safe towards humans, animals, non-target insects, plants, as well as the environment. The entomopathogenic nematode is also exempt from registration regulations in most countries. The significance of Photorhabdus luminescens is the potential for an insecticide that allows different species of insect pests to be effectively controlled by a single natural product rather than multiple chemical products. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with an overview of the safety of Photorhabdus luminescens to the community and environment, to inform readers of the virulence factors associated with the bacteria, and to outline the potential the product possesses as a mass produced biological control agent.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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