The study examined the effect of training and visit innovation on the income and famer performance in two out of three agro ecological zones of Edo State, Nigeria. This study focused on contact crop farmers drawn from two out of three agro-ecological zones of Edo State, namely Edo central and Edo south. A multi-stage random sampling method was used both for economic reasons and especially because the sampling units occur in strata such as zones, blocks and cells. Data were collected from randomly sampled respondents from two senatorial districts in Edo State. Edo state is divided into three agro-ecological zones- Edo North, Edo Central and Edo South, out of which Edo Central and Edo south were randomly selected. Two blocks each were selected randomly from a total of five and seven blocks in Edo central and Edo south zones respectively. These blocks were Igueben and Esan North East in Edo central and Oredo and Egor in Edo south senatorial zone. Each block consists of eight cells. A random selection of four cells was made from each block and total of sixteen cells were chosen and eight from each zone and ten farmers were randomly selected from each of the 16 cells, giving a total of one hundred and sixty farmers/respondents for the study but only a hundred and fifty six copies of a questionnaire were found useful for the study. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics and budgetary tools. The outcome of the study indicated that training and visit innovation had increasing effect on farm size and income of farmers in the study areas.
| Published in | American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 2, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajaf.20140204.19 |
| Page(s) | 159-167 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Income, Training, Visits, Innovation, Edo
| [1] | Adams, M. E. (1982), Agricultural Extension in DevelopingCountries, Longman Group Ltd. Singapore, pp 108. |
| [2] | Ada-Okungbowa, C.I. and Ojukoko, O. (2003) “Comparison of Adopters and Non-Adopters of Improved Cassava Varieties in Delta State”, J. of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, (3&4): 15-18. |
| [3] | Adebayo, O.O. and Adeola, R.G. (2005), Socio-economic factors affecting Poultry farmers in Ejigbo Local Government Area of Osun State.Journal of Human Ecology, 18:39-41. |
| [4] | Adekoya, A.E. and Tologbonse E.B. (2005), adoption and diffusion of Innovations. Agricultural Extension in Nigeria. Adedoyin S.F. (ed), pp 28-37. |
| [5] | Agbamu, J. U. (2000). Agricultural Research- Extension Linkage Systems: An International Perspective. Agricultural Research & Extension (AgREN) Network Paper. No. 106. |
| [6] | Ajayi, M.T. and Okafor, C. (2006): “Extension Agents’ perception of Participatory Agricultural Extension Approaches adopted by Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) in Ondo State, Nigeria.” International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 4(1): 20-25. |
| [7] | Akinbode, I. A. (1976) The Organisation and effectiveness of Extension Services in Nigeria. Agricultural Administration, Applied Science Publishers Ltd. England. |
| [8] | Ali, M. M. and Halim, A. (1985). The effects of T&V system of Extension at Farmers level in Borga. In GTI publication, Bangladesh Agric University Press, No. 52. |
| [9] | Apantaku, S. O., (2004). Analysis of Senior Secondary Agricultural Science Students’ Attitude towards Agricultue as a Career. Journal of Extension Systems Vol. 20(1), June. |
| [10] | Atala, T.K., T. Arokoyo and P.A. Omata, 1992. The impact of the Training and Visit (T&V) System of extension on adoption of farm innovations And farm output in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The Nig. J. Agric. Ext., 7: 59-70. |
| [11] | Benor, .D and Baxter .M (1984) Training and Visit Extension. The World Bank, Washington D. C. |
| [12] | Benor, D. and Harrison, J. Q (1977) Agricultural Extension: The Training and Visit System”, the World Bank, Washington D. C. |
| [13] | Blankenburg, P. V. and Hoeper B. (1985) Organisational changes and Persistence: Observations in the introduction of the T&V system of Extension in two Indian States. Quarterly J. of International Agric. Vol. 24, No. 4, pp 306-321. |
| [14] | Brech, E. F. L. (1983), the Principles and Practices of Management, 3rd edition, London, Longman. |
| [15] | Cernea, M.M. and Tapping, B. (1977) A system for Monitoring and Evaluating Agricultural Extension Projects. World Bank staff Working Paper No. 277.World Bank, Washington D. C. |
| [16] | Dejene, A. (1985) The T&V Extension for small Farmers; Lessons in the Design of Extension Programmes for high cereal production Regions in Ethiopia, Development Discussion Papers No. 199, N. Y. University Press, pp 39. |
| [17] | Edo State Agricultural Development Project (2001) Annual Report of Activities, pp 5-10. |
| [18] | Edo State Agricultural Development Project/On Farm Adaptive Research (2002), Annual Report of Activities. |
| [19] | Egbugara, C.A. (1993) Economic Status and Rural women’s involvement in Agriculture in Imo State. Journal of Rural Extension and Development. Vol. 1, pp 87-93. |
| [20] | Egharevba, P. N. (1996) Food- The sustainers of life. Inaugural Lecture Series 44, University of Benin, Nigeria. Pp 7. |
| [21] | Ekumankama O.O. and Onuekwusi G.C. (2008). Comparative Analysis of the Constraints to Effective Extension Services in Abia and Akwa Ibom States. Pakistan J. of Soc. Sc. 5(1): 70-75. |
| [22] | Fabiyi, E. F. and Doma U.D. (2001), Status of Rural women’s education in Dass Local Government Area and its implication in Agricultural Research, T. A. Olowo (ed), Proceedings of the 7th Annual National Conference of AESON in ARTMI, Ilorin. |
| [23] | Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO 1997)1. Improving Soil fertility in Africa. FAO soils Bulletin 14, Rome. |
| [24] | Feder, G., Slade, R. H. and Sundaram, A. K. (1986). The T&V Extension System; an analysis of operation and effects. Journal of Agric Admin, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp 33-59. |
| [25] | Flippo, E. W. (1965), Principles of Personnel Management. Prentice Hall Inc. Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey, U.S.A. |
| [26] | Garforth, C. (1997) Supporting Sustainable Agriculture through Extension in Asia; New resource perspectives, O. D. L. London, No. 21, June, pp 1-5. |
| [27] | Gautam M. (1999). Agricultural Extension, the Kenya Experience. World Bank Agricultural Extension in Kenya. Report No. 19523. |
| [28] | Ilevbaoje, I. E. (2004), Training and Visit Extension System Flourishes in Nigeria. BeraterInnen News 1/2004. |
| [29] | Iloeje, N.P (2002). A New Geography of Nigeria. New Revised Edition, Longman Nigeria Ltd. Pp 155. |
| [30] | Isiaka B.T. (1998). Livestock rearing practices and problems in Lagos. In Oduguwa, O.O., Fanimo, A.O. and Osinwo, O.A., (Eds). Proceedings of the Silver Anniversary Conference, Nigerian Society for Animal Production. Gateway Hotel Abeokuta, pp 223-225. |
| [31] | Jaja, J. S., Chukuigwe, E. C. and Ekine, D. I. (1998) Stimulating Sustainable Agricultural Development through youth mobilisation Schemes: The case of the School-to-land Programme in Rivers State, Nigeria. In Nwosu, A. C. and Mbanassor, J. A. (eds.); Sustainable Agricultural Investment in Nigeria. Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of Farm Management Association of Nigeria. Alphabet Nigeria Publishers, Oweri, pp 294-301. |
| [32] | Jibowo, A.A. (2005): History of Agricultural Extension in Nigeria, in Adedoyin, S.F. (ed.) Agricultural extension in Nigeria, Ilorin Agricultural Society of Nigeria. Pp. 1-12. |
| [33] | La-Anyane, S. A. (1976) Agricultural Research and Extension in National Development in West Africa. Journal of the Association for Advancement of Agricultural Science in Africa. Vol. 3, No. 2,pp 7-12. |
| [34] | Laogun, E. A. (1985) Perception of Farmers’ Training Needs: A Case of Isoya Rural Development Project in Oyo State. The Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Extension. Vol. 3, Nos. 1&2, pp 12-17. |
| [35] | Lawal B.O., Torimiro D.O. and Makanjuola B.A. (2009), Impact of Agricultural Extension Practices on the Nigerian poultry farmers’ Standard of living: A percept ional Analysis. Tropical and Subtropical Agro ecosystems, 10:465-473. |
| [36] | Matata, P. Z., Ajayi O. C., Oduol P.A. and Aggrey Agumya (2008), Socio-Economic factors influencing adoption of improved fallow practices Among smallholder farmers in Western Tanzania. International NGO Journal Vol. 3 (4), pp. 068-073. |
| [37] | Mehta, N. N. (1983), Developing Technical Recommendations and Research – Extension Linkages: Experiences in India. In Michael M. et al (eds.); Agricultural Extension by Training and Visit – The Asian Experience, U. N. D. P. and World Bank, Washington D. C. |
| [38] | Mosher, A. T. (1976) Thinking about Rural Development, ADC Inc. Washington DC. |
| [39] | Munyua, C. N., Adams P. F. And Thomson J. S. (2002) Designing Effective Linkages for Sustainable Agricultural Extension Information SystemAmong Developing Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of The 18th Annual Conference, Durban, South Africa. |
| [40] | Odebode S.O and Chia H.M. (2001) Poverty alleviation Strategies of rural Household in Mezam Division, Northwest Province, Cameroon.Moore Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol. 2 No 2 pp 179-185. |
| [41] | Odeyinka, S. M., Torimiro, D.O., Oyedele, J.O. and Asaolu, V.O. (2007) Farmers’ Awareness and Knowledge of Moringa oleifera In South-western Nigeria. A Percept ional Analysis. Asian Journal of Plant Science. 6:320-325. |
| [42] | Ogunbameru, B. O. and Pandey, I. M. (1992), Nigeria Rural Women’s Participation in Agriculture and decision-making: Focus on Adamawa and Taraba States, Nigerian Journal Of Agricultural Extension. Vol. 7 pp 71 - 76. |
| [43] | Ogunfiditimi, T.O. and Ewuola, S.O. (1995): The Synthesis of Corporative Agricultural Extension Systems. Emmi Press Ltd. Ibadan, Nigeria. |
| [44] | Ogunsumi, L. O., (2008).Analysis of extension activities on farmers’ Productivity in Southwest, Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 3 (6), pp. 469-476. |
| [45] | Ogunwale, A.B., Ayode, A.R. and Ayansina, S.O. (2006). Impact of Extension Service on farmers’ production activities in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone of Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 9:150-158. |
| [46] | Omogbemi, O. (1998): Private Sector Involvement in Extension: The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited example, Proc. of the fourth Annual Conference of the Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria, 17-19 June, 1998. Pp. 94-98. |
| [47] | Omokhudu, C.A. (1998), Agencies disseminating agricultural Information To farmers in the Northern Agricultural Zone of Edo State, Nigeria, the Nigerian Rural Sociologist, Vol. 2 pp. 92-98. |
| [48] | Omonona, B.T., Yusuf, S.A., Olatunji, O.B. 2004. Determinants of Adoption of White egg shelled layers by poultry farmers in Ogun State,Nigeria. http://www.cababstractsplus.org/abstracts/Abstracts.aspx |
| [49] | Omoregbee, F. E., (2006). Evaluation of the effect of Extension activities Of the Edo State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) on small scale farmers, Nigeria. (PhD Thesis), University of Benin, Benin City. |
| [50] | Onazi, O. C (1973) Analysis of the Training Needs of Agricultural Extension Workers in the Northern States of Nigeria. Journal of Rural Economics and Development, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp 133-140. |
| [51] | Opeke, L. K (1976) Agricultural Research and Food Production for Africa. Journal of the Association for Advancement of Agricultural Science in Africa. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp17-22. |
| [52] | Osuntogun, A. and Fabiyi, Y. L. (1980) Training for Agricultural and Rural Development in the ECOWAS. J. of Agric Admin Vol. 8, No. 1, pp 3-13. |
| [53] | Patel, A. U. (1982) an Appraisal of Agricultural Extension as a Strategy forAgricultural Development in Nigeria. In T. A. Olowo (ed.); Workshop on effective transfer of technology to Nigerian Farmers, UNIFE/IITA, Ibadan |
| [54] | Phiri D., Franzel S. Mafongoya P., Jere I., Katanga R. Phiri S. (2003). Who is? Using the new technology? The association of wealth status and gender with the planting of improved tree fallows in Eastern province, Zambia. Agroforestry System. |
| [55] | Pickering, D. C (1983) Agricultural Extension: A tool for Rural Development. In Michael et al (eds.); Agricultural Extension by Training and Visit – The Asian Experience. U. N. D.P. and World Bank, Washington D. C. |
| [56] | Project Coordinating Unit (2000) Minutes of meeting of Agricultural Development Projects, Umuahia, Abia State. |
| [57] | Ray, A. K., Atteri, B. R., Sen, A. C. and Mathur, P. W. (1979) Quantitative and Qualitative Impact of T&V system in different groups of Farmers. A case study of Hooghly District, West Benghal. Indian J. of Agric Econs. Vol. 36, No. 4, pp 11-12. |
| [58] | Rivera, W.M. & Cary, J. W (1997). Privatizing Agricultural Extension. In Swanson, B. E., Bentz, R. P., & Sofranko, A. J. (Eds). Improving Agricultural Extension: A Reference Manual. FAO, Rome, 1997. Pp 203-211. |
| [59] | Rucks, C. (1981) what kind of Extension Worker do we need? In Swanson E. et al (eds.); Training for Agriculture and Rural Development. No. 21, Rome, FAO, pp 81-85. |
| [60] | Sappho, H. (1993) Profile of Rural Poverty in Africa: The State of World Rural Poverty. N. Y. Harvard University Press, pp 39. |
| [61] | Sonii D. (1992). Adoption dynamics incentives and constraints the case of Agroforestry. Paper presented at ICRAF DSO training Course. |
| [62] | Tologbonse, E. B. and Osanyintade, M. (2001) Adoption of Cowpea Crop Protection Recommendations by farmers in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. In T. A. Olowo (ed.); Proceedings of the 7th \ Annual National Conference of AESON, in ARMTI, Ilorin. |
| [63] | Torimiro, D.O., Alao, J.A. and Fapojuwo, O.E. (1999) Relationship between Socio-economic characteristics of farmers and Adoption of improved agricultural technologies in Ogun State, Nigeria. The Nigerian Rural Sociologist 3:44-51. |
| [64] | Van den Ban, A. W. & Hawkins, H. S. (1996). Agricultural Extension. Second Edition. Cambridge, USA: Blackwell Science Ltd. |
| [65] | Vanlauwe B, Giller K. E. (2006). Popular myths around soil fertility Management in sub- Saharan Africa. Agricultural Ecosystem and Environment, 116:34-46. |
| [66] | Williams, S. K. T. (1978) Rural Development in Nigeria. Obafemi Awolowo University Press Ltd., Ile-Ife. |
| [67] | World Bank (1997). Agricultural Extension and Research: Achievements and Problems in National Systems. World Development Report, 1997. Oxford University press. Oxford. |
APA Style
Abiola Matthew Oladipupo, Omoregbee Friday Egbenayabuwa, Caroline Sede. (2014). Effect of T&V Innovation on Income and Farmers Performance in Edo State Nigeria. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2(4), 159-167. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140204.19
ACS Style
Abiola Matthew Oladipupo; Omoregbee Friday Egbenayabuwa; Caroline Sede. Effect of T&V Innovation on Income and Farmers Performance in Edo State Nigeria. Am. J. Agric. For. 2014, 2(4), 159-167. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20140204.19
AMA Style
Abiola Matthew Oladipupo, Omoregbee Friday Egbenayabuwa, Caroline Sede. Effect of T&V Innovation on Income and Farmers Performance in Edo State Nigeria. Am J Agric For. 2014;2(4):159-167. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20140204.19
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20140204.19,
author = {Abiola Matthew Oladipupo and Omoregbee Friday Egbenayabuwa and Caroline Sede},
title = {Effect of T&V Innovation on Income and Farmers Performance in Edo State Nigeria},
journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {159-167},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20140204.19},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140204.19},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20140204.19},
abstract = {The study examined the effect of training and visit innovation on the income and famer performance in two out of three agro ecological zones of Edo State, Nigeria. This study focused on contact crop farmers drawn from two out of three agro-ecological zones of Edo State, namely Edo central and Edo south. A multi-stage random sampling method was used both for economic reasons and especially because the sampling units occur in strata such as zones, blocks and cells. Data were collected from randomly sampled respondents from two senatorial districts in Edo State. Edo state is divided into three agro-ecological zones- Edo North, Edo Central and Edo South, out of which Edo Central and Edo south were randomly selected. Two blocks each were selected randomly from a total of five and seven blocks in Edo central and Edo south zones respectively. These blocks were Igueben and Esan North East in Edo central and Oredo and Egor in Edo south senatorial zone. Each block consists of eight cells. A random selection of four cells was made from each block and total of sixteen cells were chosen and eight from each zone and ten farmers were randomly selected from each of the 16 cells, giving a total of one hundred and sixty farmers/respondents for the study but only a hundred and fifty six copies of a questionnaire were found useful for the study. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics and budgetary tools. The outcome of the study indicated that training and visit innovation had increasing effect on farm size and income of farmers in the study areas.},
year = {2014}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of T&V Innovation on Income and Farmers Performance in Edo State Nigeria AU - Abiola Matthew Oladipupo AU - Omoregbee Friday Egbenayabuwa AU - Caroline Sede Y1 - 2014/07/30 PY - 2014 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140204.19 DO - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20140204.19 T2 - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry JF - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry JO - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry SP - 159 EP - 167 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8591 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140204.19 AB - The study examined the effect of training and visit innovation on the income and famer performance in two out of three agro ecological zones of Edo State, Nigeria. This study focused on contact crop farmers drawn from two out of three agro-ecological zones of Edo State, namely Edo central and Edo south. A multi-stage random sampling method was used both for economic reasons and especially because the sampling units occur in strata such as zones, blocks and cells. Data were collected from randomly sampled respondents from two senatorial districts in Edo State. Edo state is divided into three agro-ecological zones- Edo North, Edo Central and Edo South, out of which Edo Central and Edo south were randomly selected. Two blocks each were selected randomly from a total of five and seven blocks in Edo central and Edo south zones respectively. These blocks were Igueben and Esan North East in Edo central and Oredo and Egor in Edo south senatorial zone. Each block consists of eight cells. A random selection of four cells was made from each block and total of sixteen cells were chosen and eight from each zone and ten farmers were randomly selected from each of the 16 cells, giving a total of one hundred and sixty farmers/respondents for the study but only a hundred and fifty six copies of a questionnaire were found useful for the study. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics and budgetary tools. The outcome of the study indicated that training and visit innovation had increasing effect on farm size and income of farmers in the study areas. VL - 2 IS - 4 ER -
Information
Email: