Journal of Plant Sciences

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Distribution, Molecular Detection and Host Range of Groundnut Rosette Assistor Virus in Western Kenya

Received: 04 September 2019    Accepted: 22 September 2019    Published: 09 October 2019
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Abstract

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important legume in western Kenya, but yields are low and declining due to pests and diseases. Groundnut rosette disease (GRD) is the main disease causing upto 100% yield loss. Rosette is transmitted mainly by the groundnut aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch and to a lesser extent by Aphis gosypii Glover and Myzus persicae Sulzer. The disease is caused by synergistic interaction among groundnut rosette assistor virus (GRAV, genus Luteovirus), groundnut rosette virus (GRV, genus Umbravirus) and its associated satellite RNA (sat-RNA). The GRAV plays a crucial role in packaging the other two agents for vector transmission, and therefore a key factor in the spread of GRD. Limited information was available on distribution and host range of rosette disease in western Kenya. This study determined the distribution, molecular detection and host range of GRAV in western Kenya. A survey was conducted in Bungoma and Kakamega Counties during the short and long rains of 2016-2017. Symptomatic leafy samples were collected in RNAlater® stabilization solution and analyzed by RT-PCR. Host range studies were conducted at the Kenya Agricultural, Livestock and Research Organization (KALRO)-Kakamega. Five popular legumes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), green gram (Vigna radiata), soybean (Glycine max) and one solanaceous golden berry (Physalis peruviana L.) were planted in a 4×6 factorial design. The plants at three leaf-stage, were mechanically inoculated with GRD inoculum prepared from RT-PCR positive samples. The plants were monitored for symptom development in the screenhouse for 8 weeks. Total RNA was extracted from the leaf samples using RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturers’ protocol. A two-step RT-PCR was done using primers designed targeting GRAV CP gene. Rosette incidence and severity was significantly higher during the short rains than the long rains. All tested plants from the screen house developed typical GRD symptoms, and were found positive by RT-PCR. It is concluded that GRD is the major virus disease of groundnuts and infects most legumes grown in western Kenya. Breeding for resistance to both the groundnut aphid and GRAV coat protein (CP) gene, might be the only practical solution.

DOI 10.11648/j.jps.20190705.11
Published in Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2019)
Page(s) 100-105
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Arachis hypogaea, Groundnut Rosette Assistor Virus, Groundnut Rosette Disease, Host Range, Two-step RT-PCR

References
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[2] Mugisa, I. O., Karungi, J., Akello, B., Ochwo-Ssemakula, M. K. N., Biruma, M., Okello, D. K. and Otim, G. (2016). Determinants of groundnut rosette virus disease occurrence in Uganda. Elsevier crop protection journal. 10: 10-19.
[3] Waliyar, F., Kumar, P. L., Ntare, B. R., Monyo, E., Nigam, S. N., Reddy, A. S., Osiru, M. and Diallo, A. T. (2007). A Century of research on groundnut rosette disease and its management. Information Bulletin no.75. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, pp.40. ISBN: 978-92-9066-501-4.
[4] Wangai, A. W., Pappu, S. S., Pappu, H. R., Okoko, N., Deom, C. M. & Naidu, R. A. (2001). Distribution and characteristics of groundnut rosette disease in Kenya. Plant Disease. 85 (5): 470-474.
[5] Deom, C. M., Naidu, R. A., Chiyembekeza, A. J., Ntare, B. R. & Subrahmanyam, P. (2000). Sequence diversity with the three agents of groundnut rosette disease. Phytopathol. 90: 214-219.
[6] Appiah, A. S., Sossah, L. F., Tegg, S. R., Offei, K. S. & Wilson, R. C. (2017). Assessing sequence diversity of goundnut rosette disease agents and the distribution of groundnut rosette assistor virus in major groundnut-producing regions of Ghana. Trop. Plant Pathol. 10: 07-14.
[7] Okello, D. K., Ugen, M. A., Tukamuhabwa, P., Ochwo-Ssemakula, M., Odong, T. L., Adriko, J., Kiconco, F., Male, A. and Deom, C. M. (2017). Molecular diagnostics of groundnut rosette disease agents in Uganda: Implications on epidemiology and management of groundnut rosette disease. Journal of plant breeding and crop science. 9 (5): 63-70.
[8] Taliansky, M. E. & Robinson, D. J. (2003). Molecular Biology of umbraviruses: Phantom warriors. J. Gen. Virol. 84: 1951-1960.
[9] Usman, A., Danquah, E. Y., Ofori, K. & Offei, S. K. (2013). Genetic analysis of resistance to rosette disease of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A thesis submitted to the University of Ghana, Legon. ISBN: 10293978.
[10] Reddy, D. V. R. (1991). Groundnut viruses and virus diseases: Distribution, identification and control. Rev. Plant Pathol. 70: 665-678.
[11] Todd, J. W., Culbreach, A. K. & Demski, J. W. (1993). Insect vectors of groundnut viruses. In: Reddy, D. V. R., McDonald, D. & Moss, J. P. (eds). Working together on groundnut virus diseases. ICRISAT publication 1994. pp 81.
[12] Alegbejo, M. D. & Abo, M. E. (2002). Etiology, ecology, epidemiology and control of groundnut rosette disease in Africa. Journal of sustainable agriculture. 20 (2): 17-29.
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[14] Untergasser, A., Nijveen, H., Rao, X., Bisseling, T., Geuvts, R. & Leunissen, J. A. (2007). Primer 3Plus: An enhanced web interface to Primer 3. Nucleic Acid Res. 35: 71-74.
[15] Naidu, R. A., Bottenburg, H., Subrahmanyam, P., Kimmins, F. M., Robinson, D. J. & Thresh, J. M. (1998). Epidemiology of groundnut rosette virus disease: current status and future research needs. Ann. Appl. Biol. 132: 525–54.
[16] Mukoye, B. & Mabele, A. S. (2019). Genetic diversity of Groundnut rosette disease causal agents towards its management: A review. International Journal of Genetics and Genomics. 7 (1): 12-17.
Author Information
  • Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences (SONAS), Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya

  • Department of Agriculture and Land Use Management (ALUM), School of Agriculture, Veterinary Science and Technology (SAVET), Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya

  • Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences (SONAS), Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (MMUST), Kakamega, Kenya

  • Department of Biosafety and Phytosanitary, Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS), Nairobi, Kenya

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    Anthony Simiyu Mabele, Hassan Karakacha Were, Millicent Florence Owuor Ndong’a, Benard Mukoye. (2019). Distribution, Molecular Detection and Host Range of Groundnut Rosette Assistor Virus in Western Kenya. Journal of Plant Sciences, 7(5), 100-105. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20190705.11

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    Anthony Simiyu Mabele; Hassan Karakacha Were; Millicent Florence Owuor Ndong’a; Benard Mukoye. Distribution, Molecular Detection and Host Range of Groundnut Rosette Assistor Virus in Western Kenya. J. Plant Sci. 2019, 7(5), 100-105. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20190705.11

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    AMA Style

    Anthony Simiyu Mabele, Hassan Karakacha Were, Millicent Florence Owuor Ndong’a, Benard Mukoye. Distribution, Molecular Detection and Host Range of Groundnut Rosette Assistor Virus in Western Kenya. J Plant Sci. 2019;7(5):100-105. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20190705.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jps.20190705.11,
      author = {Anthony Simiyu Mabele and Hassan Karakacha Were and Millicent Florence Owuor Ndong’a and Benard Mukoye},
      title = {Distribution, Molecular Detection and Host Range of Groundnut Rosette Assistor Virus in Western Kenya},
      journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {5},
      pages = {100-105},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20190705.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20190705.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20190705.11},
      abstract = {Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important legume in western Kenya, but yields are low and declining due to pests and diseases. Groundnut rosette disease (GRD) is the main disease causing upto 100% yield loss. Rosette is transmitted mainly by the groundnut aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch and to a lesser extent by Aphis gosypii Glover and Myzus persicae Sulzer. The disease is caused by synergistic interaction among groundnut rosette assistor virus (GRAV, genus Luteovirus), groundnut rosette virus (GRV, genus Umbravirus) and its associated satellite RNA (sat-RNA). The GRAV plays a crucial role in packaging the other two agents for vector transmission, and therefore a key factor in the spread of GRD. Limited information was available on distribution and host range of rosette disease in western Kenya. This study determined the distribution, molecular detection and host range of GRAV in western Kenya. A survey was conducted in Bungoma and Kakamega Counties during the short and long rains of 2016-2017. Symptomatic leafy samples were collected in RNAlater® stabilization solution and analyzed by RT-PCR. Host range studies were conducted at the Kenya Agricultural, Livestock and Research Organization (KALRO)-Kakamega. Five popular legumes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), green gram (Vigna radiata), soybean (Glycine max) and one solanaceous golden berry (Physalis peruviana L.) were planted in a 4×6 factorial design. The plants at three leaf-stage, were mechanically inoculated with GRD inoculum prepared from RT-PCR positive samples. The plants were monitored for symptom development in the screenhouse for 8 weeks. Total RNA was extracted from the leaf samples using RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturers’ protocol. A two-step RT-PCR was done using primers designed targeting GRAV CP gene. Rosette incidence and severity was significantly higher during the short rains than the long rains. All tested plants from the screen house developed typical GRD symptoms, and were found positive by RT-PCR. It is concluded that GRD is the major virus disease of groundnuts and infects most legumes grown in western Kenya. Breeding for resistance to both the groundnut aphid and GRAV coat protein (CP) gene, might be the only practical solution.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Distribution, Molecular Detection and Host Range of Groundnut Rosette Assistor Virus in Western Kenya
    AU  - Anthony Simiyu Mabele
    AU  - Hassan Karakacha Were
    AU  - Millicent Florence Owuor Ndong’a
    AU  - Benard Mukoye
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20190705.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jps.20190705.11
    T2  - Journal of Plant Sciences
    JF  - Journal of Plant Sciences
    JO  - Journal of Plant Sciences
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    EP  - 105
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2331-0731
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20190705.11
    AB  - Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important legume in western Kenya, but yields are low and declining due to pests and diseases. Groundnut rosette disease (GRD) is the main disease causing upto 100% yield loss. Rosette is transmitted mainly by the groundnut aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch and to a lesser extent by Aphis gosypii Glover and Myzus persicae Sulzer. The disease is caused by synergistic interaction among groundnut rosette assistor virus (GRAV, genus Luteovirus), groundnut rosette virus (GRV, genus Umbravirus) and its associated satellite RNA (sat-RNA). The GRAV plays a crucial role in packaging the other two agents for vector transmission, and therefore a key factor in the spread of GRD. Limited information was available on distribution and host range of rosette disease in western Kenya. This study determined the distribution, molecular detection and host range of GRAV in western Kenya. A survey was conducted in Bungoma and Kakamega Counties during the short and long rains of 2016-2017. Symptomatic leafy samples were collected in RNAlater® stabilization solution and analyzed by RT-PCR. Host range studies were conducted at the Kenya Agricultural, Livestock and Research Organization (KALRO)-Kakamega. Five popular legumes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), green gram (Vigna radiata), soybean (Glycine max) and one solanaceous golden berry (Physalis peruviana L.) were planted in a 4×6 factorial design. The plants at three leaf-stage, were mechanically inoculated with GRD inoculum prepared from RT-PCR positive samples. The plants were monitored for symptom development in the screenhouse for 8 weeks. Total RNA was extracted from the leaf samples using RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturers’ protocol. A two-step RT-PCR was done using primers designed targeting GRAV CP gene. Rosette incidence and severity was significantly higher during the short rains than the long rains. All tested plants from the screen house developed typical GRD symptoms, and were found positive by RT-PCR. It is concluded that GRD is the major virus disease of groundnuts and infects most legumes grown in western Kenya. Breeding for resistance to both the groundnut aphid and GRAV coat protein (CP) gene, might be the only practical solution.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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