The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo

Lulzim Millaku; Resmije Imeri; Jeton Orllati; Artan Trebicka

doi:doi:10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16

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The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo

Lulzim Millaku, Resmije Imeri, Jeton Orllati, Artan Trebicka

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 19 January 2015 Accepted: 28 January 2015 Published: 3 February 2015

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Abstract

The aim of this study was the evaluation of environmental pollution with heavy metals such as Lead and Nickel on the living organisms in industrial areas, using the blood of House sparrow (Passer domesticus) as a bio-indicator of pollution by metals. For this purpose, a blood collection was performed on 32 house sparrows (Passer domesticus) males and females, which were captured in Mitrovica town (situated close to smelter “Trepqa”, closed in year 2000), Drenas town (near the Ferronickel smelter, pollution area) and in rural area (Ujmir village, not contaminated area). In blood plasma we have analysed: alkaline phosphatase (AP), plasma alanin aminotransferase (ALT), aspartat aminotransferase (AST) and total proteins (TP) in house sparrow (Passer domesticus). The results obtained indicate the different values of the enzymes activity (AP, ALT, AST) in blood sparrows between the localities studied. Higher values of AST in significant scale (p<0.001) were found in sparrows from Mitrovica and Drenas town compared with the reference site (Ujmirë village). Values of enzymes ALT, AP and total proteins are different between the analyzed groups but the differences are not significant. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanism of susceptibility of house sparrow to environmental pollution.

Published in	Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16
Page(s)	28-31
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Metals, House Sparrow, Biochemical Parameters

References

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[3]	Miranda, M., Benedito, L., Blanco, I., Lopez, C., Merino, A., Lopez, M. 2009 “Metal accumulation in cattle raised in a serpentine - soil area: Relationship between metal concentrations in soil, forage and animal tissues”. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol., 23: 231- 238.
[4]	Scope, A., Frommlet, F., Schwendenwein, I. 2004 “Circadian and seasonal variability and influence of sex and race on eight clinical chemistry parameters in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus, Shaw, 1805)”. Res Vet Sci 78: 85–91.
[5]	Elezaj, R. I., Selimi I. Q., Letaj Rr. K., Kurteshi, H.K.(2001): The effects of air pollution by heavy metals on biochemical and hematological parameters of the feral pigeons (Columba livia) from Mitrovica and Prishtina area. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (The FASEB Journal). Abstract Number: Volume 15, Number 4, A 54. 50.5. March 7.
[6]	Hahn, E., Optapczuk, P., Ellenberg, H., Stoeppler, M. (1985): Environmetal monitoring of heavy metals with birds as pollution integrating biomonitors II. Cadmium, Lead and Copper in Magpie (Pica Pica) Feathers from heavy polluted and control area. Proceedings of International Conference “Heavy Metals in the Environment”. Vol.1, pp. 721-723, Athens- September.
[7]	Grue, C. E., O’Shea, O.J. (1984): Lead concentrations and reproduction in Highway-nestin Barn Swallows. The Condor, 86: 383-389.
[8]	Franson, J.C., Murray, H.C., Bunck, C. 1985 “Enzyme activities in plasma, kidney, liver, and muscle of five avian species”. J Wildlife Dis. 21: 33–9.
[9]	Popovac, D., Colakovic, B., Popovac, R., Saljic, L., Rodorovic, P. 1981 “Environmental poll-ution in the industrial region of Mitrovica e Kosoves and possible effects on human health”. Acta. Biol. Med. Exp., 6, 61-65.
[10]	Shehu, I., Demaku S., Arbneshi, T., Jusufi, S., Shala, F., Dobra, B. 2011 “Heavy Metals in Landfill Waste of Trepça, after Flotation Process as Pollutants of Water and Soil”. J. Int. Environmental Application and Science. 6 (3): 429 – 433.
[11]	Rizaj, M., Beqiri, E., McBow, Z., Kongoli, F. 2008 “The mineral base and productive capacities of metals and non- metals of Kosovo”. JOM. vol.60 No.8, 18-22.
[12]	Lumeij, J.T. 1987. “A Contribution to Clinical Investigative Methods for Birds, with Special Reference to the Racing Pigeon (Columbia livia domestica)” [thesis]. Utrecht, Proefschrift.
[13]	Lumeij, J.T. 1994 “Avian clinical enzymology”. Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med 3: 14–24.
[14]	Lumeij, J.T., De Bruijne, J.J., Slob, A. 1998. “Enzyme activities in tissues and elimination half-lives of homologous muscle and liver enzymes in the racing pigeon (Columbia livia domestica)”. Avian Pathol 17: 851–64.
[15]	Kogut, M.H., Powell, K.C. 1993 “Preliminary findings of alterations in serum alkaline phosphatase activity in chickens during coccidial infections”. J Comp Path 108: 113–19.
[16]	Johnson, A.L. 1986 “Reproduction in the female. In: Stukie PD (ed.)”, Avian Physiology. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 403–31.
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[18]	Rozhaja, D.A., Jablanoviq, M. 1983 “Ndotja dhe mbrojtja e ambientit të njeriut”. Enti i teksteve dhe mjeteve mësimore, Prishtinë.
[19]	Wolf, P.L., Williams, D., Von Der Muehll, E. 1973 “Practical clinical enzymology: Techniques and interpretations and biochemical profiling” pp. 215-226. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.

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APA Style

Lulzim Millaku, Resmije Imeri, Jeton Orllati, Artan Trebicka. (2015). The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 3(1), 28-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16

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ACS Style

Lulzim Millaku; Resmije Imeri; Jeton Orllati; Artan Trebicka. The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2015, 3(1), 28-31. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16

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AMA Style

Lulzim Millaku, Resmije Imeri, Jeton Orllati, Artan Trebicka. The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo. Anim Vet Sci. 2015;3(1):28-31. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16

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@article{10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16,
  author = {Lulzim Millaku and Resmije Imeri and Jeton Orllati and Artan Trebicka},
  title = {The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo},
  journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20150301.16},
  abstract = {The aim of this study was the evaluation of environmental pollution with heavy metals such as Lead and Nickel on the living organisms in industrial areas, using the blood of House sparrow (Passer domesticus) as a bio-indicator of pollution by metals. For this purpose, a blood collection was performed on 32 house sparrows (Passer domesticus) males and females, which were captured in Mitrovica town (situated close to smelter “Trepqa”, closed in year 2000), Drenas town (near the Ferronickel smelter, pollution area) and in rural area (Ujmir village, not contaminated area). In blood plasma we have analysed: alkaline phosphatase (AP), plasma alanin aminotransferase (ALT), aspartat aminotransferase (AST) and total proteins (TP) in house sparrow (Passer domesticus). The results obtained indicate the different values of the enzymes activity (AP, ALT, AST) in blood sparrows between the localities studied. Higher values of AST in significant scale (p<0.001) were found in sparrows from Mitrovica and Drenas town compared with the reference site (Ujmirë village). Values of enzymes ALT, AP and total proteins are different between the analyzed groups but the differences are not significant. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanism of susceptibility of house sparrow to environmental pollution.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo
AU  - Lulzim Millaku
AU  - Resmije Imeri
AU  - Jeton Orllati
AU  - Artan Trebicka
Y1  - 2015/02/03
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16
T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
SP  - 28
EP  - 31
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5850
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16
AB  - The aim of this study was the evaluation of environmental pollution with heavy metals such as Lead and Nickel on the living organisms in industrial areas, using the blood of House sparrow (Passer domesticus) as a bio-indicator of pollution by metals. For this purpose, a blood collection was performed on 32 house sparrows (Passer domesticus) males and females, which were captured in Mitrovica town (situated close to smelter “Trepqa”, closed in year 2000), Drenas town (near the Ferronickel smelter, pollution area) and in rural area (Ujmir village, not contaminated area). In blood plasma we have analysed: alkaline phosphatase (AP), plasma alanin aminotransferase (ALT), aspartat aminotransferase (AST) and total proteins (TP) in house sparrow (Passer domesticus). The results obtained indicate the different values of the enzymes activity (AP, ALT, AST) in blood sparrows between the localities studied. Higher values of AST in significant scale (p<0.001) were found in sparrows from Mitrovica and Drenas town compared with the reference site (Ujmirë village). Values of enzymes ALT, AP and total proteins are different between the analyzed groups but the differences are not significant. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanism of susceptibility of house sparrow to environmental pollution.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Lulzim Millaku

Department of Biology, Mathematics & Natural Science Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
Resmije Imeri

Department of Biology, Agricultural & Veterinary Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
Jeton Orllati

Department of Biology, Mathematics & Natural Science Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
Artan Trebicka

Department of Biology, Natural Science Faculty, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania

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APA Style

Lulzim Millaku, Resmije Imeri, Jeton Orllati, Artan Trebicka. (2015). The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 3(1), 28-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16

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ACS Style

Lulzim Millaku; Resmije Imeri; Jeton Orllati; Artan Trebicka. The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2015, 3(1), 28-31. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16

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AMA Style

Lulzim Millaku, Resmije Imeri, Jeton Orllati, Artan Trebicka. The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo. Anim Vet Sci. 2015;3(1):28-31. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16

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@article{10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16,
  author = {Lulzim Millaku and Resmije Imeri and Jeton Orllati and Artan Trebicka},
  title = {The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo},
  journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20150301.16},
  abstract = {The aim of this study was the evaluation of environmental pollution with heavy metals such as Lead and Nickel on the living organisms in industrial areas, using the blood of House sparrow (Passer domesticus) as a bio-indicator of pollution by metals. For this purpose, a blood collection was performed on 32 house sparrows (Passer domesticus) males and females, which were captured in Mitrovica town (situated close to smelter “Trepqa”, closed in year 2000), Drenas town (near the Ferronickel smelter, pollution area) and in rural area (Ujmir village, not contaminated area). In blood plasma we have analysed: alkaline phosphatase (AP), plasma alanin aminotransferase (ALT), aspartat aminotransferase (AST) and total proteins (TP) in house sparrow (Passer domesticus). The results obtained indicate the different values of the enzymes activity (AP, ALT, AST) in blood sparrows between the localities studied. Higher values of AST in significant scale (p<0.001) were found in sparrows from Mitrovica and Drenas town compared with the reference site (Ujmirë village). Values of enzymes ALT, AP and total proteins are different between the analyzed groups but the differences are not significant. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanism of susceptibility of house sparrow to environmental pollution.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Impact of Lead and Nickel Environmental Pollution on Blood Levels of Liver Enzymes in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Kosovo
AU  - Lulzim Millaku
AU  - Resmije Imeri
AU  - Jeton Orllati
AU  - Artan Trebicka
Y1  - 2015/02/03
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16
T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
SP  - 28
EP  - 31
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5850
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150301.16
AB  - The aim of this study was the evaluation of environmental pollution with heavy metals such as Lead and Nickel on the living organisms in industrial areas, using the blood of House sparrow (Passer domesticus) as a bio-indicator of pollution by metals. For this purpose, a blood collection was performed on 32 house sparrows (Passer domesticus) males and females, which were captured in Mitrovica town (situated close to smelter “Trepqa”, closed in year 2000), Drenas town (near the Ferronickel smelter, pollution area) and in rural area (Ujmir village, not contaminated area). In blood plasma we have analysed: alkaline phosphatase (AP), plasma alanin aminotransferase (ALT), aspartat aminotransferase (AST) and total proteins (TP) in house sparrow (Passer domesticus). The results obtained indicate the different values of the enzymes activity (AP, ALT, AST) in blood sparrows between the localities studied. Higher values of AST in significant scale (p<0.001) were found in sparrows from Mitrovica and Drenas town compared with the reference site (Ujmirë village). Values of enzymes ALT, AP and total proteins are different between the analyzed groups but the differences are not significant. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanism of susceptibility of house sparrow to environmental pollution.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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