Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Histological Effects of Different Levels of Sorghum Grain on the Liver and Kidney of Ghezel×Arkhar-Merino Crossbred Lambs

Received: 21 July 2014    Accepted: 31 July 2014    Published: 10 August 2014
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Abstract

Sorghum grains with variable concentrations of tannin (antinutritional factor) are becoming an increasingly important source of energy in animal nutrition. A large intake of tannins may cause gastrointestinal irritation, kidney and liver damage. Our experiment was conducted to study the effects of replacement different levels of barley grain with sorghum grain on the kidney and liver tissue. In this study sixteen male Ghezel×Arkhar-merino crossbred lambs were used. Dietary treatment were contain alfalfa hay (20% total DM), as roughage part of the diets and grain part (80% total DM) had different levels of the barley grain substituted with sorghum grain during 90 days. Lambs were randomly assigned to to receive one of the four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design assignment, in which sorghum grain was used in the levels of 60, 70 and 80 percent of total ration. The gross examination of kidney and liver did not reveal any significant histological changes. The microscopic results showed that, increases of the sorghum grain levels resulting histological changes in kidney and liver parenchyma. Histological examination of kidney of group A showed a little change as degeneration of brush borders in some of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cells. In B group, results appeared which brush borders of PCT were destroyed therefore the high cuboidal cells of PCT were observed as low cuboidal epithelium and diameter of PCT increased. Hemorrhage and congestion is not observed in cortex but it was observed in medulla. In C group, degeneration of cells of PCT and DCT, hemorrhage in cortex, congestion in medulla which they are more in area near apex of renal pyramids were observed. Decrease length of cuboidal cells in medullary collecting ducts. Amyloidal sedimentation in PCT and DCT. In the liver of A and B group animals, histological structure of liver was normal, but sinusoidal abnormality was observed in A group and only a little congestion observed in some central venules in B group animals. Liver of C group animals had many histological changes as shrinkage of hepatocyte, degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes around central venules, degeneration of some hepatic sinusoids, enlargement hepatic sinusoid in order to congestion and reduce length of hepatocytes, hemorrhage around central venuls, a little distribution of cirrhosis. In generally high level of sorghum grains in diet can induced hisological changs in kidney and liver of sheep.

DOI 10.11648/j.avs.20140204.18
Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014)
Page(s) 130-134
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Histology, Kidney, Liver, Sorghum Grain, Sheep

References
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[2] Carrlson JR, Breeze RG. Ruminal metabolism of plant toxins with emphasis on indolic compounds. Journal of Animal Science1984; 8:1040-1049.
[3] Cheeke PR. Toxicity and metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Journal of Animal Science 1988; 66: 2343-2350.
[4] Divers T.J. Acute renal failure in : Smith Large animal internal medicine, 4th edition, Mosby Elsivier,United State,2009, 925-928.
[5] Emiola IA, Ologhobo AD, Gous RM. Performance and Histological Responses of Internal Organs of Broiler Chickens Fed Raw, Dehulled, and Aqueous and Dry-Heated Kidney Bean Meals. Poultry Science 2007; 86:1234–1240.
[6] Junqueira L, Carneiro J. Basic Histology: Text & Atlas. McGraw Hill, tenth edition, New York, USA, 2003; .
[7] Kumar V, Elangovan AV, Mandal AB, Tyagi PK, Bhanja SK, Dash BB. Effects of feeding raw or reconstituted high tannin red sorghum on nutrient utilization and certain welfare parameters of broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 2007; 48(2):198-204.
[8] Kumar R, Singh M. Tannins: their adverse role in ruminant nutrition. J Agr Food Chem 1984; 32:447-453.
[9] Mahgoub O, Kadim IT, Tageldin MH, Al-Marzooq WS, Khalaf SQ, Ambu Ali A. Clinical profile of sheep fed non-conventional feeds containing phenols and condensed tannins. Small Ruminant Research 2008; 78:115–122.
[10] Mangan J.L. (1988) “Nutritional effects of tannins in animal feeds” Nutr. Res. Rev. 1:209-231.
[11] Makkar HPS. Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Research 2003; 49: 241–256.
[12] Mbatha K R, Downs CT, Nsahlai IV. The effects of graded levels of dietary tannin on the epithelial tissue of the gastro-intestinal tract and liver and kidney masses of Boer goats. Animal Science, 2002; 74:579-586.
[13] McSweeney CS, Kennedy PM, John A. Effect of ingestion of hydrolysable tannins in Terminalia oblongata on digestion in sheep fed Stylosanthes hamata. Aust J Agric Res 1988; 39: 235–244.
[14] Ortiz LT, Alzueta C, Trevino J, Castano M. Effects of faba bean tannins on the growth and histological structure of the intestinal tract and liver of chicks and rats. British Poultry Science1994; 35: 743-754.
[15] Pearson E.G., Diseases of hepatobiliary system in: : Smith Large animal internal medicine, 4th edition, Mosby Elsivier,United State,2009,893.
[16] Plumlee KH, Johnson B, Galey FD. Disease in cattle dosed orally with oak or tannic acid. In: Toxic plants and other natural toxicants. (Garland T. and Barr A.C., eds.), CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1998; 549-553.
[17] Schofield P., D.M. Mbugua and A.N. Pell (2001) “Analysis of condensed tannins: a review” Anim Feed Sci. Tech. 91:21-40.
[18] Swain T, Bate-Smith EC. Flavonoid compounds. In: M A Florkin and H S Mason (eds), Comprehensive Biochemistry1962; 3:755-809. Academic Press, New York.
[19] Terrill TH, Waghorn GC, Woolley DJ, McNabb WC, Barry TN. Assay and digestion of 14C-labelled condensed tannins in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. Br J Nutr 1994;72: 467–477.
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[21] Waghorn GC, Shelton ID, McNabb WC. Effects of condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus on its nutritive value for sheep. 1. Non-nitrogenous aspects. J Agric Sci 1994; 123: 99–107.
Author Information
  • Department of Basic science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

  • Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

  • Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

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    Hamid Karimi, Hossein Daghigh Kia, Ali Hosseinkhani. (2014). Histological Effects of Different Levels of Sorghum Grain on the Liver and Kidney of Ghezel×Arkhar-Merino Crossbred Lambs. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2(4), 130-134. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140204.18

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    Hamid Karimi; Hossein Daghigh Kia; Ali Hosseinkhani. Histological Effects of Different Levels of Sorghum Grain on the Liver and Kidney of Ghezel×Arkhar-Merino Crossbred Lambs. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2014, 2(4), 130-134. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20140204.18

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    AMA Style

    Hamid Karimi, Hossein Daghigh Kia, Ali Hosseinkhani. Histological Effects of Different Levels of Sorghum Grain on the Liver and Kidney of Ghezel×Arkhar-Merino Crossbred Lambs. Anim Vet Sci. 2014;2(4):130-134. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20140204.18

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  • @article{10.11648/j.avs.20140204.18,
      author = {Hamid Karimi and Hossein Daghigh Kia and Ali Hosseinkhani},
      title = {Histological Effects of Different Levels of Sorghum Grain on the Liver and Kidney of Ghezel×Arkhar-Merino Crossbred Lambs},
      journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
      volume = {2},
      number = {4},
      pages = {130-134},
      doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20140204.18},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140204.18},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20140204.18},
      abstract = {Sorghum grains with variable concentrations of tannin (antinutritional factor) are becoming an increasingly important source of energy in animal nutrition. A large intake of tannins may cause gastrointestinal irritation, kidney and liver damage. Our experiment was conducted to study the effects of replacement different levels of barley grain with sorghum grain on the kidney and liver tissue. In this study sixteen male Ghezel×Arkhar-merino crossbred lambs were used. Dietary treatment were contain alfalfa hay (20% total DM), as roughage part of the diets and grain part (80% total DM) had different levels of the barley grain substituted with sorghum grain during 90 days. Lambs were randomly assigned to to receive one of the four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design assignment, in which sorghum grain was used in the levels of  60, 70 and 80 percent of total ration. The gross examination of kidney and liver did not reveal any significant histological changes. The microscopic results showed that, increases of the sorghum grain levels resulting histological changes in kidney and liver parenchyma. Histological examination of  kidney of group A showed a little change as degeneration of  brush borders in some of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cells. In B group, results appeared which brush borders of PCT were destroyed therefore the high cuboidal cells of PCT were observed as low cuboidal epithelium and diameter of PCT increased. Hemorrhage and congestion is not observed in cortex but it was observed in medulla. In C group, degeneration of cells of PCT and DCT, hemorrhage in cortex, congestion in medulla which they are more in area near apex of renal pyramids were observed. Decrease length of cuboidal cells in medullary collecting ducts. Amyloidal sedimentation in PCT and DCT. In the liver of A and B group animals, histological structure of liver was normal, but sinusoidal abnormality was observed in A group and  only a little congestion observed in some central venules in B group animals. Liver of C group animals had many histological changes as shrinkage of hepatocyte, degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes around central venules, degeneration of some hepatic sinusoids, enlargement hepatic sinusoid in order to congestion and reduce length of hepatocytes, hemorrhage around central venuls, a little distribution of cirrhosis. In generally  high level of sorghum grains in diet can induced hisological changs in kidney and liver of sheep.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Histological Effects of Different Levels of Sorghum Grain on the Liver and Kidney of Ghezel×Arkhar-Merino Crossbred Lambs
    AU  - Hamid Karimi
    AU  - Hossein Daghigh Kia
    AU  - Ali Hosseinkhani
    Y1  - 2014/08/10
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140204.18
    DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20140204.18
    T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    SP  - 130
    EP  - 134
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5850
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140204.18
    AB  - Sorghum grains with variable concentrations of tannin (antinutritional factor) are becoming an increasingly important source of energy in animal nutrition. A large intake of tannins may cause gastrointestinal irritation, kidney and liver damage. Our experiment was conducted to study the effects of replacement different levels of barley grain with sorghum grain on the kidney and liver tissue. In this study sixteen male Ghezel×Arkhar-merino crossbred lambs were used. Dietary treatment were contain alfalfa hay (20% total DM), as roughage part of the diets and grain part (80% total DM) had different levels of the barley grain substituted with sorghum grain during 90 days. Lambs were randomly assigned to to receive one of the four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design assignment, in which sorghum grain was used in the levels of  60, 70 and 80 percent of total ration. The gross examination of kidney and liver did not reveal any significant histological changes. The microscopic results showed that, increases of the sorghum grain levels resulting histological changes in kidney and liver parenchyma. Histological examination of  kidney of group A showed a little change as degeneration of  brush borders in some of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cells. In B group, results appeared which brush borders of PCT were destroyed therefore the high cuboidal cells of PCT were observed as low cuboidal epithelium and diameter of PCT increased. Hemorrhage and congestion is not observed in cortex but it was observed in medulla. In C group, degeneration of cells of PCT and DCT, hemorrhage in cortex, congestion in medulla which they are more in area near apex of renal pyramids were observed. Decrease length of cuboidal cells in medullary collecting ducts. Amyloidal sedimentation in PCT and DCT. In the liver of A and B group animals, histological structure of liver was normal, but sinusoidal abnormality was observed in A group and  only a little congestion observed in some central venules in B group animals. Liver of C group animals had many histological changes as shrinkage of hepatocyte, degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes around central venules, degeneration of some hepatic sinusoids, enlargement hepatic sinusoid in order to congestion and reduce length of hepatocytes, hemorrhage around central venuls, a little distribution of cirrhosis. In generally  high level of sorghum grains in diet can induced hisological changs in kidney and liver of sheep.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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