Predictors of Intentions Not to Use the Female Condom among University of Botswana Students

Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12

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Predictors of Intentions Not to Use the Female Condom among University of Botswana Students

Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo

Received: 14 September 2014 Accepted: 25 September 2014 Published: 10 October 2014

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Abstract

This article presents an assessment of predictors of intentions not to use the female condom among University of Botswana students. The female condom seemed the right response to contraception and HIV/AIDS prevention interventions that empower women and address gender inequalities. However, the method’s worldwide acceptability has been dodged with uncertainty as a result of its low uptake despite the fact that women and girls continue to be affected and infected by HIV/AIDS more than their male counterparts. To the best knowledge of the researcher, unacceptability of this method has not been extensively researched on in Botswana thus far despite numerous concerns surrounding the nonuse of this method. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of University of Botswana students. A total of 1410 students were interviewed. The study targeted university students who ever had sex as their acceptability of the method could lead to broader acceptability among the general population as they poses attributes of people receptive to new technologies. The data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis results indicated that intentions not to use the female condom were more pronounced among females than males. Multivariate analysis results indicated that negative prejudice towards the method (OR = 2.687, p < 0.01), lack of exposure to female condom campaigns (OR = 2.647, p < 0.01), misconceptions (OR = 2.462, p < 0.01), source of first ever information on the method (OR = 0.476, p < 0.01), believing the female condom was never adequately promoted in Botswana (OR = 2.302, p < 0.05) and believing there is no need for female condoms (OR = 4.911, p < 0.001) were principal predictors of intentions not to use the female condom. This study findings call for intensifying campaigns promoting the use of the method as a contraceptive and barrier method against HIV/AIDS among university students as their acceptability of the method could lead to broader acceptability among the general population. The government needs to focus on programming that emphasizes educating the public about this method using health care service providers as the main drivers of campaigns for the use of this method. Education will increase knowledge about this method and help curb negative information shared among the public concerning female condoms.

DOI	10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12
Published in	Social Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2014)
Page(s)	153-161
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Contraceptives, Female Condoms, Health, HIV/AIDS, STIs, University of Botswana

References

[1]	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], HIV and AIDS in the United States: A picture of today’s epidemic, 2008
[2]	UNAIDS: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Geneva, UNAIDS. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2013
[3]	National AIDS Coordinating Agency (NACA) [Republic of Botswana]: Progress Report of the National Response to the 2011 Declaration of Commitment on HIV and AIDS, 2012
[4]	Ministry of Health [Government of Botswana]: Botswana National Policy on HIV/AIDS. Government Printers, Gaborone, Botswana, 1998
[5]	Dintwa, K.F: Factors Associated with Nonuse of Condoms among Sexually Active Botswana Women. Ministry of Finance and Development Planning [Botswana], Government Printers, Gaborone, Botswana, 2009
[6]	Central Statistics Office (CSO) [Botswana]: Botswana AIDS Impact Survey III, Results Statistics of 2008, Government Printers, Gaborone, Botswana, 2009
[7]	Mills, S. Leburu, V. El-Halabi S. Mokganya, L. & Chowdhury, S: Fertility Decline in Botswana 1980–2006: A Case Study. The World Bank, Washington DC, USA, 2010
[8]	Ministry of Health [Government of Botswana]: National Condom Marketing Strategy and Implementation Plan 2012–2016, Gaborone, Botswana, 2012
[9]	Laila, A., Serumaga, B & Smith, A: Botswana: Condom Programming; National Quantification and Supply Chain Strengthening. USAID Deliver Project Task Order 4, Arlington, USA, 2013
[10]	UNGASS: Zimbabwe Global AIDS Response Progress Report. United Nations General Assembly Special Session, 2012
[11]	Yamane, T: Statistics: An Introductory Analysis. Harper and Row, New York, USA, 1967
[12]	Israel, G. D: Sampling the Evidence of Extension Program Impact. Program Evaluation and Organizational Development, University of Florida, Florida, USA, 1992
[13]	Leeper, M.A. & Conrady M: Preliminary Evaluation of Reality: A condom for Women to Wear. Advances in Contraception. 1989: 5 (4), pp. 229-235
[14]	Kresge, K: Female Barrier Contraceptive Finds New Role in HIV. American Foundation for AIDS Research [amFAR]. New York, USA, 2013
[15]	World Health Organization [WHO]: The Female Condom: A Review. Geneva, WHO, 1997
[16]	Ford, N. & Mathie, E: The acceptability and experience of the female condom, Femidom, among family planning clinic attenders. British Journal of Family Planning. 1993: 19(2), pp. 187-192
[17]	Kaler, A: ‘It's Some Kind of Women's Empowerment’: The Ambiguity of the Female Condom as a Marker of Female Empowerment. Social Science & Medicine. 2001: 52(5), pp. 783-796
[18]	Warren, M. and Philpott, A: Expanding Safer Sex Options: Introducing the Female Condom into National Programmes. Reproductive Health Matters. 2003: 11(21), pp.130-139.
[19]	Kaler, A: The Female Condom in North America: Selling the Technology of Empowerment. Journal of Gender Studies. 2004: 139 (2), pp. 139-152
[20]	Meekers, D: Patterns of Use of the Female Condom in Urban Zimbabwe. Population Services International. Washington DC, USA, 1999
[21]	Kerrigan, D., Mobley, S.,Rutenberg. N., Fisher, A. and Weiss, E: The Female Condom: Dynamics of Use in Urban Zimbabwe. Washington DC. Population Council, 2000
[22]	Ajzen, I: From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behaviour. In: Kuhl J. and Beckmann J. (Eds.) Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior. Heidelberg, Germany, Springer publishers, 1985

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APA Style

Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo. (2014). Predictors of Intentions Not to Use the Female Condom among University of Botswana Students. Social Sciences, 3(5), 153-161. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12

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ACS Style

Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo. Predictors of Intentions Not to Use the Female Condom among University of Botswana Students. Soc. Sci. 2014, 3(5), 153-161. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12

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AMA Style

Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo. Predictors of Intentions Not to Use the Female Condom among University of Botswana Students. Soc Sci. 2014;3(5):153-161. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12,
  author = {Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo},
  title = {Predictors of Intentions Not to Use the Female Condom among University of Botswana Students},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {153-161},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ss.20140305.12},
  abstract = {This article presents an assessment of predictors of intentions not to use the female condom among University of Botswana students. The female condom seemed the right response to contraception and HIV/AIDS prevention interventions that empower women and address gender inequalities. However, the method’s worldwide acceptability has been dodged with uncertainty as a result of its low uptake despite the fact that women and girls continue to be affected and infected by HIV/AIDS more than their male counterparts. To the best knowledge of the researcher, unacceptability of this method has not been extensively researched on in Botswana thus far despite numerous concerns surrounding the nonuse of this method. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of University of Botswana students. A total of 1410 students were interviewed. The study targeted university students who ever had sex as their acceptability of the method could lead to broader acceptability among the general population as they poses attributes of people receptive to new technologies. The data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis results indicated that intentions not to use the female condom were more pronounced among females than males. Multivariate analysis results indicated that negative prejudice towards the method (OR = 2.687, p < 0.01), lack of exposure to female condom campaigns (OR = 2.647, p < 0.01), misconceptions (OR = 2.462, p < 0.01), source of first ever information on the method (OR = 0.476, p < 0.01), believing the female condom was never adequately promoted in Botswana (OR = 2.302, p < 0.05) and believing there is no need for female condoms (OR = 4.911, p < 0.001) were principal predictors of intentions not to use the female condom. This study findings call for intensifying campaigns promoting the use of the method as a contraceptive and barrier method against HIV/AIDS among university students as their acceptability of the method could lead to broader acceptability among the general population. The government needs to focus on programming that emphasizes educating the public about this method using health care service providers as the main drivers of campaigns for the use of this method. Education will increase knowledge about this method and help curb negative information shared among the public concerning female condoms.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Predictors of Intentions Not to Use the Female Condom among University of Botswana Students
AU  - Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo
Y1  - 2014/10/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12
T2  - Social Sciences
JF  - Social Sciences
JO  - Social Sciences
SP  - 153
EP  - 161
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-988X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12
AB  - This article presents an assessment of predictors of intentions not to use the female condom among University of Botswana students. The female condom seemed the right response to contraception and HIV/AIDS prevention interventions that empower women and address gender inequalities. However, the method’s worldwide acceptability has been dodged with uncertainty as a result of its low uptake despite the fact that women and girls continue to be affected and infected by HIV/AIDS more than their male counterparts. To the best knowledge of the researcher, unacceptability of this method has not been extensively researched on in Botswana thus far despite numerous concerns surrounding the nonuse of this method. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of University of Botswana students. A total of 1410 students were interviewed. The study targeted university students who ever had sex as their acceptability of the method could lead to broader acceptability among the general population as they poses attributes of people receptive to new technologies. The data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis results indicated that intentions not to use the female condom were more pronounced among females than males. Multivariate analysis results indicated that negative prejudice towards the method (OR = 2.687, p < 0.01), lack of exposure to female condom campaigns (OR = 2.647, p < 0.01), misconceptions (OR = 2.462, p < 0.01), source of first ever information on the method (OR = 0.476, p < 0.01), believing the female condom was never adequately promoted in Botswana (OR = 2.302, p < 0.05) and believing there is no need for female condoms (OR = 4.911, p < 0.001) were principal predictors of intentions not to use the female condom. This study findings call for intensifying campaigns promoting the use of the method as a contraceptive and barrier method against HIV/AIDS among university students as their acceptability of the method could lead to broader acceptability among the general population. The government needs to focus on programming that emphasizes educating the public about this method using health care service providers as the main drivers of campaigns for the use of this method. Education will increase knowledge about this method and help curb negative information shared among the public concerning female condoms.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo

Lefika Training & Research Consultants (Pty) Ltd, Francistown, Botswana

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Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo. (2014). Predictors of Intentions Not to Use the Female Condom among University of Botswana Students. Social Sciences, 3(5), 153-161. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12

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ACS Style

Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo. Predictors of Intentions Not to Use the Female Condom among University of Botswana Students. Soc. Sci. 2014, 3(5), 153-161. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12

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AMA Style

Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo. Predictors of Intentions Not to Use the Female Condom among University of Botswana Students. Soc Sci. 2014;3(5):153-161. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12,
  author = {Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo},
  title = {Predictors of Intentions Not to Use the Female Condom among University of Botswana Students},
  journal = {Social Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {153-161},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ss.20140305.12},
  abstract = {This article presents an assessment of predictors of intentions not to use the female condom among University of Botswana students. The female condom seemed the right response to contraception and HIV/AIDS prevention interventions that empower women and address gender inequalities. However, the method’s worldwide acceptability has been dodged with uncertainty as a result of its low uptake despite the fact that women and girls continue to be affected and infected by HIV/AIDS more than their male counterparts. To the best knowledge of the researcher, unacceptability of this method has not been extensively researched on in Botswana thus far despite numerous concerns surrounding the nonuse of this method. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of University of Botswana students. A total of 1410 students were interviewed. The study targeted university students who ever had sex as their acceptability of the method could lead to broader acceptability among the general population as they poses attributes of people receptive to new technologies. The data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis results indicated that intentions not to use the female condom were more pronounced among females than males. Multivariate analysis results indicated that negative prejudice towards the method (OR = 2.687, p < 0.01), lack of exposure to female condom campaigns (OR = 2.647, p < 0.01), misconceptions (OR = 2.462, p < 0.01), source of first ever information on the method (OR = 0.476, p < 0.01), believing the female condom was never adequately promoted in Botswana (OR = 2.302, p < 0.05) and believing there is no need for female condoms (OR = 4.911, p < 0.001) were principal predictors of intentions not to use the female condom. This study findings call for intensifying campaigns promoting the use of the method as a contraceptive and barrier method against HIV/AIDS among university students as their acceptability of the method could lead to broader acceptability among the general population. The government needs to focus on programming that emphasizes educating the public about this method using health care service providers as the main drivers of campaigns for the use of this method. Education will increase knowledge about this method and help curb negative information shared among the public concerning female condoms.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Predictors of Intentions Not to Use the Female Condom among University of Botswana Students
AU  - Tsholofelo Cedric Nkobodo
Y1  - 2014/10/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12
T2  - Social Sciences
JF  - Social Sciences
JO  - Social Sciences
SP  - 153
EP  - 161
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-988X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20140305.12
AB  - This article presents an assessment of predictors of intentions not to use the female condom among University of Botswana students. The female condom seemed the right response to contraception and HIV/AIDS prevention interventions that empower women and address gender inequalities. However, the method’s worldwide acceptability has been dodged with uncertainty as a result of its low uptake despite the fact that women and girls continue to be affected and infected by HIV/AIDS more than their male counterparts. To the best knowledge of the researcher, unacceptability of this method has not been extensively researched on in Botswana thus far despite numerous concerns surrounding the nonuse of this method. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of University of Botswana students. A total of 1410 students were interviewed. The study targeted university students who ever had sex as their acceptability of the method could lead to broader acceptability among the general population as they poses attributes of people receptive to new technologies. The data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis results indicated that intentions not to use the female condom were more pronounced among females than males. Multivariate analysis results indicated that negative prejudice towards the method (OR = 2.687, p < 0.01), lack of exposure to female condom campaigns (OR = 2.647, p < 0.01), misconceptions (OR = 2.462, p < 0.01), source of first ever information on the method (OR = 0.476, p < 0.01), believing the female condom was never adequately promoted in Botswana (OR = 2.302, p < 0.05) and believing there is no need for female condoms (OR = 4.911, p < 0.001) were principal predictors of intentions not to use the female condom. This study findings call for intensifying campaigns promoting the use of the method as a contraceptive and barrier method against HIV/AIDS among university students as their acceptability of the method could lead to broader acceptability among the general population. The government needs to focus on programming that emphasizes educating the public about this method using health care service providers as the main drivers of campaigns for the use of this method. Education will increase knowledge about this method and help curb negative information shared among the public concerning female condoms.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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