Analysis of Income Diversification and Livelihood Strategies Among Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Households’ in Southern Ethiopia

Algaga Balense; Sisay Debebe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12

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Analysis of Income Diversification and Livelihood Strategies Among Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Households’ in Southern Ethiopia

Algaga Balense, Sisay Debebe

Published in Journal of Investment and Management (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 17 July 2020 Accepted: 6 August 2020 Published: 8 September 2020

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Abstract

In pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Ethiopia, apart from farming engaging on non-farm and/or off-farm income earning activities or diversifying income-earning means lie at the heart of livelihood strategies among pastoral and agro-pastoral household in southern Ethiopia. This study analyses determinant of the level of income diversification and livelihood strategies of pastoral and agro-pastoral households’ in southern Ethiopia. In order to select representative sample a combination of both stratification and random sampling techniques were used and selected 196 household heads. To analyze the data simple descriptive statistics, Multivariate Probit, and Two-limit Tobit models were employed. The result of model reveals that factors influencing the use of livelihood strategies are age, sex, family size, educational level, farm size, market distance to the main market, livestock holding size, cooperative membership, use of credit and access to transport were as sex, family size, educational level, livestock holding size, crop failure, a distance of nearest main market income from farm and share of non & off-farm income influenced income diversification. The government should emphasize strengthening the agricultural production system with due attention to identified factors influencing both diversification of income and livelihood strategies and thereby enhancing the well-being of pastoral and agro-pastoral households of the area.

Published in	Journal of Investment and Management (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12
Page(s)	72-79
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Livelihood Strategies, Income Diversification, Multivariate Probit, Two-limit Tobit Models, Southern Ethiopia

References

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Algaga Balense, Sisay Debebe. (2020). Analysis of Income Diversification and Livelihood Strategies Among Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Households’ in Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Investment and Management, 9(3), 72-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12

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ACS Style

Algaga Balense; Sisay Debebe. Analysis of Income Diversification and Livelihood Strategies Among Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Households’ in Southern Ethiopia. J. Invest. Manag. 2020, 9(3), 72-79. doi: 10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12

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AMA Style

Algaga Balense, Sisay Debebe. Analysis of Income Diversification and Livelihood Strategies Among Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Households’ in Southern Ethiopia. J Invest Manag. 2020;9(3):72-79. doi: 10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12,
  author = {Algaga Balense and Sisay Debebe},
  title = {Analysis of Income Diversification and Livelihood Strategies Among Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Households’ in Southern Ethiopia},
  journal = {Journal of Investment and Management},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {72-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jim.20200903.12},
  abstract = {In pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Ethiopia, apart from farming engaging on non-farm and/or off-farm income earning activities or diversifying income-earning means lie at the heart of livelihood strategies among pastoral and agro-pastoral household in southern Ethiopia. This study analyses determinant of the level of income diversification and livelihood strategies of pastoral and agro-pastoral households’ in southern Ethiopia. In order to select representative sample a combination of both stratification and random sampling techniques were used and selected 196 household heads. To analyze the data simple descriptive statistics, Multivariate Probit, and Two-limit Tobit models were employed. The result of model reveals that factors influencing the use of livelihood strategies are age, sex, family size, educational level, farm size, market distance to the main market, livestock holding size, cooperative membership, use of credit and access to transport were as sex, family size, educational level, livestock holding size, crop failure, a distance of nearest main market income from farm and share of non & off-farm income influenced income diversification. The government should emphasize strengthening the agricultural production system with due attention to identified factors influencing both diversification of income and livelihood strategies and thereby enhancing the well-being of pastoral and agro-pastoral households of the area.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Income Diversification and Livelihood Strategies Among Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Households’ in Southern Ethiopia
AU  - Algaga Balense
AU  - Sisay Debebe
Y1  - 2020/09/08
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12
T2  - Journal of Investment and Management
JF  - Journal of Investment and Management
JO  - Journal of Investment and Management
SP  - 72
EP  - 79
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7721
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12
AB  - In pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Ethiopia, apart from farming engaging on non-farm and/or off-farm income earning activities or diversifying income-earning means lie at the heart of livelihood strategies among pastoral and agro-pastoral household in southern Ethiopia. This study analyses determinant of the level of income diversification and livelihood strategies of pastoral and agro-pastoral households’ in southern Ethiopia. In order to select representative sample a combination of both stratification and random sampling techniques were used and selected 196 household heads. To analyze the data simple descriptive statistics, Multivariate Probit, and Two-limit Tobit models were employed. The result of model reveals that factors influencing the use of livelihood strategies are age, sex, family size, educational level, farm size, market distance to the main market, livestock holding size, cooperative membership, use of credit and access to transport were as sex, family size, educational level, livestock holding size, crop failure, a distance of nearest main market income from farm and share of non & off-farm income influenced income diversification. The government should emphasize strengthening the agricultural production system with due attention to identified factors influencing both diversification of income and livelihood strategies and thereby enhancing the well-being of pastoral and agro-pastoral households of the area.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Algaga Balense

Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Sisay Debebe

Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Algaga Balense, Sisay Debebe. (2020). Analysis of Income Diversification and Livelihood Strategies Among Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Households’ in Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Investment and Management, 9(3), 72-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12

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ACS Style

Algaga Balense; Sisay Debebe. Analysis of Income Diversification and Livelihood Strategies Among Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Households’ in Southern Ethiopia. J. Invest. Manag. 2020, 9(3), 72-79. doi: 10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12

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AMA Style

Algaga Balense, Sisay Debebe. Analysis of Income Diversification and Livelihood Strategies Among Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Households’ in Southern Ethiopia. J Invest Manag. 2020;9(3):72-79. doi: 10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12,
  author = {Algaga Balense and Sisay Debebe},
  title = {Analysis of Income Diversification and Livelihood Strategies Among Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Households’ in Southern Ethiopia},
  journal = {Journal of Investment and Management},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {72-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jim.20200903.12},
  abstract = {In pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Ethiopia, apart from farming engaging on non-farm and/or off-farm income earning activities or diversifying income-earning means lie at the heart of livelihood strategies among pastoral and agro-pastoral household in southern Ethiopia. This study analyses determinant of the level of income diversification and livelihood strategies of pastoral and agro-pastoral households’ in southern Ethiopia. In order to select representative sample a combination of both stratification and random sampling techniques were used and selected 196 household heads. To analyze the data simple descriptive statistics, Multivariate Probit, and Two-limit Tobit models were employed. The result of model reveals that factors influencing the use of livelihood strategies are age, sex, family size, educational level, farm size, market distance to the main market, livestock holding size, cooperative membership, use of credit and access to transport were as sex, family size, educational level, livestock holding size, crop failure, a distance of nearest main market income from farm and share of non & off-farm income influenced income diversification. The government should emphasize strengthening the agricultural production system with due attention to identified factors influencing both diversification of income and livelihood strategies and thereby enhancing the well-being of pastoral and agro-pastoral households of the area.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of Income Diversification and Livelihood Strategies Among Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Households’ in Southern Ethiopia
AU  - Algaga Balense
AU  - Sisay Debebe
Y1  - 2020/09/08
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12
T2  - Journal of Investment and Management
JF  - Journal of Investment and Management
JO  - Journal of Investment and Management
SP  - 72
EP  - 79
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7721
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20200903.12
AB  - In pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Ethiopia, apart from farming engaging on non-farm and/or off-farm income earning activities or diversifying income-earning means lie at the heart of livelihood strategies among pastoral and agro-pastoral household in southern Ethiopia. This study analyses determinant of the level of income diversification and livelihood strategies of pastoral and agro-pastoral households’ in southern Ethiopia. In order to select representative sample a combination of both stratification and random sampling techniques were used and selected 196 household heads. To analyze the data simple descriptive statistics, Multivariate Probit, and Two-limit Tobit models were employed. The result of model reveals that factors influencing the use of livelihood strategies are age, sex, family size, educational level, farm size, market distance to the main market, livestock holding size, cooperative membership, use of credit and access to transport were as sex, family size, educational level, livestock holding size, crop failure, a distance of nearest main market income from farm and share of non & off-farm income influenced income diversification. The government should emphasize strengthening the agricultural production system with due attention to identified factors influencing both diversification of income and livelihood strategies and thereby enhancing the well-being of pastoral and agro-pastoral households of the area.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download