International Journal of Business and Economics Research

| Peer-Reviewed |

Urban Agriculture: Where Urban Pressures Meet City Farmers

Received: 13 July 2019    Accepted: 19 September 2019    Published: 9 October 2019
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

As agrarian practices return to the urban space, a lack of understanding between the urban farmers and local city officials is stunting the development and economic sustainability of urban agriculture. Many promoters of urban agriculture fail to grasp the modern reality of operating a significant venture within a zoned municipal space. A failure to account for all potential stakeholders in the planning of these agricultural projects can cause unforeseen delays in execution and economic disaster. The needs of the agricultural installation must be balanced with the complexities of the city systems, and modern zoning procedures take multiple perspectives into account. There are numerous variables and considerations that must be evaluated in the creation of an urban farm that developers accustomed to working within the rural environment may not naturally include in their thinking. City planning and neighborhood integration must be addressed to ensure smooth geographic transition between the farming operation and further local real estate market development. The urban agricultural project developer will be required to demonstrate that the logistical needs of the enterprise can be accommodated within the existing infrastructure or be willing to upgrade the lacking requirement. Odor abatement and visual occlusion may be required. These complex elements of successfully installing an agricultural enterprise within an urban environment often frustrate successful project managers with agrarian backgrounds and cause them to pay minimal attention to the requirements of urban operation. Unfortunately, it can be clearly demonstrated that to do so is fraught with peril. Without thoughtful design, many urban agriculture efforts have slow growth, and the impact of these design failures on the progression of these enterprises is immense.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijber.20190806.14
Published in International Journal of Business and Economics Research (Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2019)
Page(s) 358-363
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Community, Local Project Impact, Planning, Urban Agriculture, Zoning

References
[1] Simon D., Adam-Bradford A. (2016) Archaeology and Contemporary Dynamics for More Sustainable, Resilient Cities in the Peri-Urban Interface. In: Maheshwari B., Singh V., Thoradeniya B. (eds) Balanced Urban Development: Options and Strategies for Livable Cities. Water Science and Technology Library (72), Springer.
[2] Grebitus, C., Printezis, I., & Printezis, A., (2017). Relationship between Consumer Behavior and Success of Urban Agriculture. Ecological Economics 136, 189-200.
[3] United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. (2017). https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-environment-atlas/go-to-the-atlas/. Accessed July 8, 2019
[4] Diekmann, L., Bennaton, R., Schweiger, J., & Smith, C. (2017). Involving Extension in Urban Food Systems: An Example from California. Journal of Human Sciences and Extension 5 (2), 70-90.
[5] Ballard, R., Strohm, H., & Ogle, T. (2016). 2016 ILFS Morning Sessions Food Hubs and Food Businesses. Session presented at the 2016 Indiana Local Food Summit, Indianapolis, IN.
[6] Ward, S. (2016). The Peaceful Path: Building Garden Cities and New Towns.
[7] Livesey, G. (2016). INNOVATION, THE AGRICULTURAL BELT, AND THE EARLY GARDEN CITY. Berkeley Planning Journal 28 (1), 148-163.
[8] Howard, E. (1902). To-morrow: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform; reprinted as The Garden Cities of To-morrow.
[9] Congress for the New Urbanism, www.cnu.org. Accessed on July 12, 2019.
[10] Foong, K. (2014). What's 'new' in new urbanism. Multi - Housing News 49 (4), 22-27.
[11] Orbach, B. Y.; Sjoberg, F. R. (2011). Excessive speech, civility norms, and the clucking theorem. Connecticut Law Review 44 (1), 1-60.
[12] Bouvier, J. (2014). Why urban agriculture can be controversial: Exploring the cultural association of urban agriculture with backwardness, race, gender, and poverty. University of Detroit Mercy Law Review 91 (3), 205-214.
[13] Slade, C., Baldwin, C., & Budge, T. (2016). Urban planning roles in responding to food security needs. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 7 (1), 33-48.
[14] Reid, N., Gatrell, J., Ross, P., & IGU Commission on the Dynamics of Economic Spaces. (2016). Local Food Systems in Old Industrial Regions: Concepts, Spatial Context and Local Practices.
[15] Low, Sarah A., and United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, Issuing Body. Trends in U.S. Local and Regional Food Systems: Report to Congress. 2015. Print. Administrative Publication (United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service); No. 068.
[16] Armstrong H., Lopes A. M. (2016) Re-Ruralising the Urban Edge: Lessons from Europe, USA & the Global South. In: Maheshwari B., Singh V., Thoradeniya B. (eds) Balanced Urban Development: Options and Strategies for Livable Cities. Water Science and Technology Library (72), Springer.
[17] Butler, W. (2012). Welcoming animals back to the city: Navigating the tensions of urban livestock through municipal ordinances. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development 22 (3), 193–215.
[18] Huang, D., & Drescher, M. (2015). Urban crops and livestock: The experiences, challenges, and opportunities of planning for urban agriculture in two Canadian provinces. Land Use Policy 43 (2), 1–14.
[19] Gordon, L. (2013). Legal battles over gardens are sprouting up across the country. Retrieved from http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/legal_battles_over_gardens are sprouting up across the country/
[20] Keeling, B. (2011, March 30). City of Oakland shuts down Novella Carpenter’s farmstand. Retrieved from the SFist website: http://sfist.com/2011/03/30/city_of_oakland_shuts_down.php
[21] Lester, R. (2006). “Urban Agriculture: Differing Phenomena in Differing Regions of the World.” http://community-wealth.org/pdfs/articles-publications/urban-ag/report-lesher. pdf
[22] Orsini, F., Dubbeling, M., De Zeeuw, H., & Gianquinto, G. (2017). Rooftop Urban Agriculture.
[23] Specht K., Reynolds K., Sanyé-Mengual E. (2017) Community and Social Justice Aspects of Rooftop Agriculture. In: Orsini F., Dubbeling M., de Zeeuw H., Gianquinto G. (eds) Rooftop Urban Agriculture, Springer.
[24] Hardman, M. & Larkman, P. (2014). Informal Urban Agriculture: The Secrete Lives of Guerrilla.
[25] Onozaka, Y.; Nurse, G.; Thilmany, D. D. 2010, “Local Food Consumers: How Motivations and Perceptions Translate to Buying Behavior,” Choices 25 (1).
[26] Yue CY, Tong C (2009) Organic or local? investigating consumer preference for fresh produce using a choice experiment with real economic incentives. HortScience 44 (2), 366–371.
[27] Nwosisi S., Nandwani D. (2018) Urban Horticulture: Overview of Recent Developments. In: Nandwani D. (eds) Urban Horticulture. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity 18, Springer.
[28] Napawan, N. (2016). Complexity in urban agriculture: The role of landscape typologies in promoting urban agriculture's growth. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 9 (1), 19-38.
[29] Miccoli, Finucci, & Murro. (2016). Feeding the Cities Through Urban Agriculture The Community Esteem Value. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 8 (C), 128-134.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Claire Elizabeth Haselhorst, Grace Lynn Baldwin, Robert Merton Stwalley III. (2019). Urban Agriculture: Where Urban Pressures Meet City Farmers. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 8(6), 358-363. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20190806.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Claire Elizabeth Haselhorst; Grace Lynn Baldwin; Robert Merton Stwalley III. Urban Agriculture: Where Urban Pressures Meet City Farmers. Int. J. Bus. Econ. Res. 2019, 8(6), 358-363. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20190806.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Claire Elizabeth Haselhorst, Grace Lynn Baldwin, Robert Merton Stwalley III. Urban Agriculture: Where Urban Pressures Meet City Farmers. Int J Bus Econ Res. 2019;8(6):358-363. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20190806.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijber.20190806.14,
      author = {Claire Elizabeth Haselhorst and Grace Lynn Baldwin and Robert Merton Stwalley III},
      title = {Urban Agriculture: Where Urban Pressures Meet City Farmers},
      journal = {International Journal of Business and Economics Research},
      volume = {8},
      number = {6},
      pages = {358-363},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijber.20190806.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20190806.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijber.20190806.14},
      abstract = {As agrarian practices return to the urban space, a lack of understanding between the urban farmers and local city officials is stunting the development and economic sustainability of urban agriculture. Many promoters of urban agriculture fail to grasp the modern reality of operating a significant venture within a zoned municipal space. A failure to account for all potential stakeholders in the planning of these agricultural projects can cause unforeseen delays in execution and economic disaster. The needs of the agricultural installation must be balanced with the complexities of the city systems, and modern zoning procedures take multiple perspectives into account. There are numerous variables and considerations that must be evaluated in the creation of an urban farm that developers accustomed to working within the rural environment may not naturally include in their thinking. City planning and neighborhood integration must be addressed to ensure smooth geographic transition between the farming operation and further local real estate market development. The urban agricultural project developer will be required to demonstrate that the logistical needs of the enterprise can be accommodated within the existing infrastructure or be willing to upgrade the lacking requirement. Odor abatement and visual occlusion may be required. These complex elements of successfully installing an agricultural enterprise within an urban environment often frustrate successful project managers with agrarian backgrounds and cause them to pay minimal attention to the requirements of urban operation. Unfortunately, it can be clearly demonstrated that to do so is fraught with peril. Without thoughtful design, many urban agriculture efforts have slow growth, and the impact of these design failures on the progression of these enterprises is immense.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Urban Agriculture: Where Urban Pressures Meet City Farmers
    AU  - Claire Elizabeth Haselhorst
    AU  - Grace Lynn Baldwin
    AU  - Robert Merton Stwalley III
    Y1  - 2019/10/09
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20190806.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijber.20190806.14
    T2  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
    JF  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
    JO  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
    SP  - 358
    EP  - 363
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-756X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20190806.14
    AB  - As agrarian practices return to the urban space, a lack of understanding between the urban farmers and local city officials is stunting the development and economic sustainability of urban agriculture. Many promoters of urban agriculture fail to grasp the modern reality of operating a significant venture within a zoned municipal space. A failure to account for all potential stakeholders in the planning of these agricultural projects can cause unforeseen delays in execution and economic disaster. The needs of the agricultural installation must be balanced with the complexities of the city systems, and modern zoning procedures take multiple perspectives into account. There are numerous variables and considerations that must be evaluated in the creation of an urban farm that developers accustomed to working within the rural environment may not naturally include in their thinking. City planning and neighborhood integration must be addressed to ensure smooth geographic transition between the farming operation and further local real estate market development. The urban agricultural project developer will be required to demonstrate that the logistical needs of the enterprise can be accommodated within the existing infrastructure or be willing to upgrade the lacking requirement. Odor abatement and visual occlusion may be required. These complex elements of successfully installing an agricultural enterprise within an urban environment often frustrate successful project managers with agrarian backgrounds and cause them to pay minimal attention to the requirements of urban operation. Unfortunately, it can be clearly demonstrated that to do so is fraught with peril. Without thoughtful design, many urban agriculture efforts have slow growth, and the impact of these design failures on the progression of these enterprises is immense.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA

  • Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA

  • Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA

  • Sections