Primary education is a key indicator of social and economic development. Since independence 1947, Pakistan has been facing the issue of low attendance rate at primary level. Pakistan has been working with international organizations like UNICEF for many years but unable to achieve the goal of universal primary education. Therefore, the present study focuses on this issue, and investigate the socio-economic determinants of school attendance of primary aged children (5-9 years) at Punjab. For this purpose, the study used MICS (Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey) 2014 as a data set, conducted by Punjab Bureau of Statistics with the selected sample of 31,466 children. The results of descriptive analysis suggest that children in general and girls in particular of Punjab are deprived of their basic right of education. For the regression analysis, Logistic Models are constructed for Punjab. The results of Logistic Model suggest that gender of child, area of residence, wealth quintiles, mother education, father education, gender of household head, age of a child and household size determine the school attendance. As compared to the other factors, the impact of household wealth (wealth quintiles) is found greater in this study. It suggests that large socioeconomic disparities exist in Punjab. Lastly, the study recommends some policies to increase school attendance that can ensure more educational budget for deprived areas in terms of school attendance, and how to utilize its educational budget e.g. incentives to poor households in the form of conditional cash transfers. However, Pakistan must spend standard 4 percent of its GDP on education for the enhancement of human capital in the long run.
| DOI | 10.11648/j.eco.20200901.12 |
| Published in | Economics (Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2020) |
| Page(s) | 8-16 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Primary Education, School Attendance, Logistic Regression
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APA Style
Daud Rafique, Suleman Shaukat, Sajid Rasul, Zahid Ahmed, Isaac Shahzad, et al. (2020). Socio-economic Determinants of School Attendance of Punjab, Pakistan. Economics, 9(1), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eco.20200901.12
ACS Style
Daud Rafique; Suleman Shaukat; Sajid Rasul; Zahid Ahmed; Isaac Shahzad, et al. Socio-economic Determinants of School Attendance of Punjab, Pakistan. Economics. 2020, 9(1), 8-16. doi: 10.11648/j.eco.20200901.12
AMA Style
Daud Rafique, Suleman Shaukat, Sajid Rasul, Zahid Ahmed, Isaac Shahzad, et al. Socio-economic Determinants of School Attendance of Punjab, Pakistan. Economics. 2020;9(1):8-16. doi: 10.11648/j.eco.20200901.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.eco.20200901.12,
author = {Daud Rafique and Suleman Shaukat and Sajid Rasul and Zahid Ahmed and Isaac Shahzad and Muhammad Ali Bhatti},
title = {Socio-economic Determinants of School Attendance of Punjab, Pakistan},
journal = {Economics},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {8-16},
doi = {10.11648/j.eco.20200901.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eco.20200901.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eco.20200901.12},
abstract = {Primary education is a key indicator of social and economic development. Since independence 1947, Pakistan has been facing the issue of low attendance rate at primary level. Pakistan has been working with international organizations like UNICEF for many years but unable to achieve the goal of universal primary education. Therefore, the present study focuses on this issue, and investigate the socio-economic determinants of school attendance of primary aged children (5-9 years) at Punjab. For this purpose, the study used MICS (Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey) 2014 as a data set, conducted by Punjab Bureau of Statistics with the selected sample of 31,466 children. The results of descriptive analysis suggest that children in general and girls in particular of Punjab are deprived of their basic right of education. For the regression analysis, Logistic Models are constructed for Punjab. The results of Logistic Model suggest that gender of child, area of residence, wealth quintiles, mother education, father education, gender of household head, age of a child and household size determine the school attendance. As compared to the other factors, the impact of household wealth (wealth quintiles) is found greater in this study. It suggests that large socioeconomic disparities exist in Punjab. Lastly, the study recommends some policies to increase school attendance that can ensure more educational budget for deprived areas in terms of school attendance, and how to utilize its educational budget e.g. incentives to poor households in the form of conditional cash transfers. However, Pakistan must spend standard 4 percent of its GDP on education for the enhancement of human capital in the long run.},
year = {2020}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Socio-economic Determinants of School Attendance of Punjab, Pakistan AU - Daud Rafique AU - Suleman Shaukat AU - Sajid Rasul AU - Zahid Ahmed AU - Isaac Shahzad AU - Muhammad Ali Bhatti Y1 - 2020/02/18 PY - 2020 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eco.20200901.12 DO - 10.11648/j.eco.20200901.12 T2 - Economics JF - Economics JO - Economics SP - 8 EP - 16 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2376-6603 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eco.20200901.12 AB - Primary education is a key indicator of social and economic development. Since independence 1947, Pakistan has been facing the issue of low attendance rate at primary level. Pakistan has been working with international organizations like UNICEF for many years but unable to achieve the goal of universal primary education. Therefore, the present study focuses on this issue, and investigate the socio-economic determinants of school attendance of primary aged children (5-9 years) at Punjab. For this purpose, the study used MICS (Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey) 2014 as a data set, conducted by Punjab Bureau of Statistics with the selected sample of 31,466 children. The results of descriptive analysis suggest that children in general and girls in particular of Punjab are deprived of their basic right of education. For the regression analysis, Logistic Models are constructed for Punjab. The results of Logistic Model suggest that gender of child, area of residence, wealth quintiles, mother education, father education, gender of household head, age of a child and household size determine the school attendance. As compared to the other factors, the impact of household wealth (wealth quintiles) is found greater in this study. It suggests that large socioeconomic disparities exist in Punjab. Lastly, the study recommends some policies to increase school attendance that can ensure more educational budget for deprived areas in terms of school attendance, and how to utilize its educational budget e.g. incentives to poor households in the form of conditional cash transfers. However, Pakistan must spend standard 4 percent of its GDP on education for the enhancement of human capital in the long run. VL - 9 IS - 1 ER -
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