Prediction of Smoke Propagation in a Big Multi-Story Building Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)

Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad; Hamza Ahmed Ghulman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Prediction of Smoke Propagation in a Big Multi-Story Building Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)

Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad, Hamza Ahmed Ghulman

Published in American Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 4-1)

Received: 5 February 2015 Accepted: 6 February 2015 Published: 24 February 2015

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

In the present work, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was used to predict the fire dynamics in a big three-story building. Important aspects of fire dynamics were investigated such as smoke propagation and temperature distribution. The study aims to decrease the fire hazards by computationally predicting the expected smoke movement in real-life conditions. Consequently, early evacuation plans can be established to save human lives by proper estimation of the smoke direction and density. Also, temperature rise has a potential effect on the safety of both humans and structures. Different factors were considered such as fire location, doors, and emergency openings. Important findings and notable conclusions are recorded.

Published in	American Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 4-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire, Energy and Thermal Real-Life Challenges
DOI	10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12
Page(s)	23-41
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fire Dynamics, Smoke Propagation, Computational Method, Unsteady Solution

References

[1]	W. Men, K. B. Mcgrattan, and H. R. Baum, "Large Eddy Simulations of Fire-Driven Flows", ASME National Heat Transfer Conference, Vol. 2, 1995.
[2]	A. Kashef, N. Bénichou, G. Lougheed, and A. Debs, "Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of in-Situ Fire Tests in Road Tunnels", 5th International Conference-Tunnels Fires, London, UK, pp. 185-196, Oct. 25-27, 2004.
[3]	Y. Xin, J. P. Gore, K. B. McGrattan, R. G. Rehm, and H. R. Baum, "Fire Dynamics Simulation of a Turbulent Buoyant Flame Using a Mixture-Fraction-Based Combustion Model", Combustion and Flame J., Vol. 141, pp. 329-335, 2005.
[4]	W. Jahn, G. Rein, and J. L. Torero, "The Effect of Model Parameters on the Simulation of Fire Dynamics", Fire Safety Science, Vol. 9, pp. 1341-1352, 2008.
[5]	Y. Huo, Y. Gao1, and W. Chow, "Locations of Diffusers on Air Flow Field in an Office," The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan, November 8-12, 2009.
[6]	L. Razdolsky, "Mathematical Modeling of Fire Dynamics," Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2009, London, U.K., Vol. II, July 1 - 3, 2009.
[7]	H. Cheng, and G. V. Hadjisophocleous, "Dynamic Modeling of Fire Spread in Building", Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 211-224, 2011.
[8]	D. Ling, and K. Kan, "Numerical Simulations on Fire and Analysis of the Spread Characteristics of Smoke in Supermarket", In Advanced Research on Computer Education, Simulation and Modeling, pp. 7-13, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.
[9]	P. Yang, X. Tan, and W. Xin, "Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation for a Storehouse Fire Accident", Building and Environment, Vol. 46, No. 7, pp. 1445-1459, 2011.
[10]	C. Zhang, and G. Q. Li, "Fire Dynamic Simulation on Thermal Actions in Localized Fires in Large Enclosure", Advanced Steel Construction, Vol. 8, pp. 124-136, 2012.
[11]	R. Sun, Z. Huang, and I. W. Burgess, "Progressive Collapse Analysis of Steel Structures under Fire Conditions", Engineering Structures, Vol. 34, pp. 400-413, 2012.
[12]	A. H. Wu, and L. C. Chen, "3D Spatial Information for Fire-fighting Search and Rescue Route Analysis within Buildings", Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 48, pp. 21-29, 2012.
[13]	A. Agarwal, and A. H. Varma, "Fire Induced Progressive Collapse of Steel Building Structures: The Role of Interior Gravity Columns", Engineering Structures, Vol. 58, pp. 129-140, 2014.
[14]	M. He, and Y. Jiang, "Use FDS to Assess Effectiveness of Air Sampling-Type Detector for Large Open Spaces Protection", Vision Fire & Security, 2005.
[15]	A. Webb, "FDS Modelling of Hot Smoke Testing, Cinema and Airport Concourse", Thesis of Master of Science, The Faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA, 2006.
[16]	P. Smardz, "Validation of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for Forced and Natural Convection Flows", Master of Science in Fire Safety Engineering, University of Ulster, 2006.
[17]	R. Sun, M. A. Jenkins, S. K. Krueger, W. Mell, and J. J. Charney, "An Evaluation of Fire-Plume Properties Simulated with the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and the Clark Coupled Wildfire Model," Can. J. for Res., Vol. 36, pp. 2894-2908, 2006.
[18]	P. Coyle, and V. Novozhilov, "Further Validation of Fire Dynamics Simulator Using Smoke Management Studies", International Journal on Engineering Performance-Based Fire Codes, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp.7-30, 2007.
[19]	J. Zhang, M. Delichatsios, and M. Colobert, "Assessment of Fire Dynamics Simulator for Heat Flux and Flame Heights Predictions from Fires in SBI Tests", Fire Technology, Vol. 46, pp. 291–306, 2010.
[20]	N. Wu, R. Yang, and H. Zhang, "A Distributed Method for Predicting Building Fires Based on a Two-Layer Zone Model", ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 2013.
[21]	X. T. Zhang, and S. L. Wang, "Numerical Simulation of Smoke Movement in Vertical Shafts during a High-Rise Building Fire", Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 438, pp. 1824-1829, 2013.
[22]	Y. Jiang, G. Rein, S. Welch, and A. Usmani, "Modeling Fire-Induced Radiative Heat Transfer in Smoke-Filled Structural Cavities", International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 66, pp. 24-33, 2013.
[23]	Y. Yu, Y. Y. Chu, and D. Liang, "Study on Smoke Control Strategy in a High-rise Building Fire", Procedia Engineering, Vol. 71, pp. 145-152, 2014.
[24]	X. Zhang, S. Wang, and J. Wang, "Numerical Simulation of Smoke Movement in Vertical Shafts during High-Rise Fires Using a Modified Network Model", Journal of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 6, No. 6, 2014.
[25]	S. Bae, H. J. Shin, and H. S. Ryou, "Development of CAU_USCOP, A Network-Based Unsteady Smoke Simulation Program for High-Rise Buildings. Building Simulation, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 503-510, 2014.
[26]	F. Tingyong, X. Jun, Y. Jufen, and W. Bangben, "Study of Building Fire Evacuation Based on Continuous Model of FDS & EVAC", In Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM), IEEE Conference, pp. 1331-1334, 2011.
[27]	F. Tang, and A. Ren, "GIS-based 3D evacuation simulation for indoor fire", Building and Environment, Vol. 49, pp. 193-202, 2012.
[28]	L. Zhang, Y. Wang, H. Shi, and L. Zhang, "Modeling and analyzing 3D complex building interiors for effective evacuation simulations", Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 53, pp. 1-12, 2012.
[29]	http://www.fire.nist.gov/fds/, http://www.nist.gov/index.html
[30]	A. F. Abdel-Gawad, and H. A. Ghulman, "Fire Dynamics Simulation of Large Multi-story Buildings, Case Study: Umm Al-Qura University Campus", International Conference on Energy and Environment 2013 (ICEE2013), Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, 5-6 March 2013. [Institute of Physics (IOP) Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 16, issue 1, 2013, doi:10.1088/1755-1315/16/1/012040].
[31]	G. P. Forney, Smokeview (Version 5)-A Tool for Visualizing Fire Dynamics Simulation Data - Volume I: User’s Guide, NIST Special Publication 1017-1, 2010.
[32]	G. P. Forney, Smokeview (Version 5)-A Tool for Visualizing Fire Dynamics Simulation Data - Volume II: Technical Reference Guide, NIST Special Publication 1017-2, 2010.
[33]	G. P. Forney, Smokeview (Version 5)-A Tool for Visualizing Fire Dynamics Simulation Data - Volume III: Verification Guide, NIST Special Publication 1017-3, 2010.
[34]	K. McGrattan, S. Hostikka, J. Floyd, H. Baum, R. Rehm, W. Mell, and R. McDermott, Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 5)-Technical Reference Guide-Volume 1: Mathematical Model, NIST Special Publication 1018-5, 2010.
[35]	K. McGrattan, R. McDermott, S. Hostikka, and J. Floyd, Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 5)-User’s Guide, NIST Special Publication 1019-5, 2010.
[36]	K. McGrattan, S. Hostikka, J. Floyd, and B. Klein, Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 5) Technical Reference Guide -Volume 3: Validation, NIST Special Publication 1018-5, 2010.
[37]	National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): The American authority on fire, electrical, and building safety: http://www.nfpa.org
[38]	British Standards: http://shop.bsigroup.com
[39]	The Bureau of Fire Standards and Training (BFST), Division of State Fire Marshal, Florida, USA:http://www.myfloridacfo.com/sfm/bfst/bfst_index.htm
[40]	Fire Protection Association Australia (FPA), Australia: http://www.fpaa.com.au
[41]	ASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), USA: http://www.astm.org/Standards/fire-and-flammability-standards.html
[42]	Alaska Fire Standards Council, Alaska, USA http://dps.alaska.gov/AFSC/
[43]	Fire Commissioner of Canada Standards: http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/eng/labour/fire_protection/policies_standards
[44]	A. Leonard, "Energy Cascade in Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Fluid Flows", Advances in Geophysics A, Vol. 18, pp. 237–248, 1974.
[45]	J. Smagorinsky, "General Circulation Experiments with the Primitive Equations", Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 91 (3), pp. 99–164, 1963.
[46]	J. Deardorff, "A Numerical Study of Three-Dimensional Turbulent Channel Flow at Large Reynolds Numbers", Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 41 (2), pp. 453–480, 1970.
[47]	Z.-C. Grigoraş, and D. Diaconu-Şotropa, "Establishing the Design Fire Parameters for Buildings", Bul. Inst. Polit. Iaşi, t. LIX (LXIII), f. 5, pp. 133-141, 2013.
[48]	H.-J. Kim, and D. G. Lilley, "Heat Release Rates of Burning Items in Fires", 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, USA, 10-13 January 2000, AIAA 2000-0722.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad, Hamza Ahmed Ghulman. (2015). Prediction of Smoke Propagation in a Big Multi-Story Building Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). American Journal of Energy Engineering, 3(4-1), 23-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad; Hamza Ahmed Ghulman. Prediction of Smoke Propagation in a Big Multi-Story Building Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Am. J. Energy Eng. 2015, 3(4-1), 23-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad, Hamza Ahmed Ghulman. Prediction of Smoke Propagation in a Big Multi-Story Building Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Am J Energy Eng. 2015;3(4-1):23-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12,
  author = {Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad and Hamza Ahmed Ghulman},
  title = {Prediction of Smoke Propagation in a Big Multi-Story Building Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)},
  journal = {American Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4-1},
  pages = {23-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajee.s.2015030401.12},
  abstract = {In the present work, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was used to predict the fire dynamics in a big three-story building. Important aspects of fire dynamics were investigated such as smoke propagation and temperature distribution. The study aims to decrease the fire hazards by computationally predicting the expected smoke movement in real-life conditions. Consequently, early evacuation plans can be established to save human lives by proper estimation of the smoke direction and density. Also, temperature rise has a potential effect on the safety of both humans and structures. Different factors were considered such as fire location, doors, and emergency openings. Important findings and notable conclusions are recorded.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prediction of Smoke Propagation in a Big Multi-Story Building Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)
AU  - Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad
AU  - Hamza Ahmed Ghulman
Y1  - 2015/02/24
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12
T2  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 23
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-163X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12
AB  - In the present work, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was used to predict the fire dynamics in a big three-story building. Important aspects of fire dynamics were investigated such as smoke propagation and temperature distribution. The study aims to decrease the fire hazards by computationally predicting the expected smoke movement in real-life conditions. Consequently, early evacuation plans can be established to save human lives by proper estimation of the smoke direction and density. Also, temperature rise has a potential effect on the safety of both humans and structures. Different factors were considered such as fire location, doors, and emergency openings. Important findings and notable conclusions are recorded.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4-1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad

Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura Univ., Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Hamza Ahmed Ghulman

Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura Univ., Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad, Hamza Ahmed Ghulman. (2015). Prediction of Smoke Propagation in a Big Multi-Story Building Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). American Journal of Energy Engineering, 3(4-1), 23-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad; Hamza Ahmed Ghulman. Prediction of Smoke Propagation in a Big Multi-Story Building Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Am. J. Energy Eng. 2015, 3(4-1), 23-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad, Hamza Ahmed Ghulman. Prediction of Smoke Propagation in a Big Multi-Story Building Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Am J Energy Eng. 2015;3(4-1):23-41. doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12,
  author = {Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad and Hamza Ahmed Ghulman},
  title = {Prediction of Smoke Propagation in a Big Multi-Story Building Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)},
  journal = {American Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4-1},
  pages = {23-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajee.s.2015030401.12},
  abstract = {In the present work, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was used to predict the fire dynamics in a big three-story building. Important aspects of fire dynamics were investigated such as smoke propagation and temperature distribution. The study aims to decrease the fire hazards by computationally predicting the expected smoke movement in real-life conditions. Consequently, early evacuation plans can be established to save human lives by proper estimation of the smoke direction and density. Also, temperature rise has a potential effect on the safety of both humans and structures. Different factors were considered such as fire location, doors, and emergency openings. Important findings and notable conclusions are recorded.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prediction of Smoke Propagation in a Big Multi-Story Building Using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)
AU  - Ahmed Farouk Abdel Gawad
AU  - Hamza Ahmed Ghulman
Y1  - 2015/02/24
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12
T2  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 23
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-163X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajee.s.2015030401.12
AB  - In the present work, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was used to predict the fire dynamics in a big three-story building. Important aspects of fire dynamics were investigated such as smoke propagation and temperature distribution. The study aims to decrease the fire hazards by computationally predicting the expected smoke movement in real-life conditions. Consequently, early evacuation plans can be established to save human lives by proper estimation of the smoke direction and density. Also, temperature rise has a potential effect on the safety of both humans and structures. Different factors were considered such as fire location, doors, and emergency openings. Important findings and notable conclusions are recorded.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4-1
ER  -

Copy | Download