Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science

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Pollution Status of Incomati River Estuary Based on Meiofauna Analyses (Free-living Nematodes) in Maputo, Mozambique

Received: 23 September 2019    Accepted: 16 October 2019    Published: 23 October 2019
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Abstract

The Incomati Estuary, is located at Latitudes 25.430 S and 25.530 S and Longitudes 32.410 E and 32.44° E and discharges in the northern part of Maputo Bay. Four sites E1 (Oligohaline Zone), E2 (Euhaline Zone), E3 (Mesohaline zone), and E4 (Polyhaline Zone) were selected following the salinity gradient of the Incomati River Estuary. Sediments samples were collected in these sites for both the analyses of meiofauna communities especially free-living nematodes and environmental variables such as Heavy Metal, Chlorophyll-a, Nitrates and Total phosphorus. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to analyses the data, and nematodes were identified into genus level. Higher concentration of Heavy Metals such as Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc, and Aluminium were found at site E2. Nematodes such as Terschellingia and Theristus were found to be suitable indicators in identifying pollution. The Maturity Index further indicated that sites E2 followed by E1 were the polluted sites in the estuary. Further studies confirming the findings of this study must be done in the Incomati River Estuary, and other studies must be done in the African Coast in order to understand free-living nematodes and close the gap in our monitoring strategies.

DOI 10.11648/j.wros.20190805.12
Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 8, Issue 5, October 2019)
Page(s) 63-76
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nematodes, Pollution, Sediments, Chlorophyll-a, Metals, Nitrates

References
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Author Information
  • Inkomati-Usuthu Catchment Management Agency, Mbombela, South Africa

  • Inkomati-Usuthu Catchment Management Agency, Mbombela, South Africa

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    Soko Mthobisi Innocent, Gyedu-Ababio Thomas. (2019). Pollution Status of Incomati River Estuary Based on Meiofauna Analyses (Free-living Nematodes) in Maputo, Mozambique. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 8(5), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20190805.12

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    Soko Mthobisi Innocent; Gyedu-Ababio Thomas. Pollution Status of Incomati River Estuary Based on Meiofauna Analyses (Free-living Nematodes) in Maputo, Mozambique. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2019, 8(5), 63-76. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20190805.12

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    AMA Style

    Soko Mthobisi Innocent, Gyedu-Ababio Thomas. Pollution Status of Incomati River Estuary Based on Meiofauna Analyses (Free-living Nematodes) in Maputo, Mozambique. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2019;8(5):63-76. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20190805.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.wros.20190805.12,
      author = {Soko Mthobisi Innocent and Gyedu-Ababio Thomas},
      title = {Pollution Status of Incomati River Estuary Based on Meiofauna Analyses (Free-living Nematodes) in Maputo, Mozambique},
      journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
      volume = {8},
      number = {5},
      pages = {63-76},
      doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20190805.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20190805.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20190805.12},
      abstract = {The Incomati Estuary, is located at Latitudes 25.430 S and 25.530 S and Longitudes 32.410 E and 32.44° E and discharges in the northern part of Maputo Bay. Four sites E1 (Oligohaline Zone), E2 (Euhaline Zone), E3 (Mesohaline zone), and E4 (Polyhaline Zone) were selected following the salinity gradient of the Incomati River Estuary. Sediments samples were collected in these sites for both the analyses of meiofauna communities especially free-living nematodes and environmental variables such as Heavy Metal, Chlorophyll-a, Nitrates and Total phosphorus. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to analyses the data, and nematodes were identified into genus level. Higher concentration of Heavy Metals such as Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc, and Aluminium were found at site E2. Nematodes such as Terschellingia and Theristus were found to be suitable indicators in identifying pollution. The Maturity Index further indicated that sites E2 followed by E1 were the polluted sites in the estuary. Further studies confirming the findings of this study must be done in the Incomati River Estuary, and other studies must be done in the African Coast in order to understand free-living nematodes and close the gap in our monitoring strategies.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Pollution Status of Incomati River Estuary Based on Meiofauna Analyses (Free-living Nematodes) in Maputo, Mozambique
    AU  - Soko Mthobisi Innocent
    AU  - Gyedu-Ababio Thomas
    Y1  - 2019/10/23
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20190805.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20190805.12
    T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
    JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
    JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
    SP  - 63
    EP  - 76
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7993
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20190805.12
    AB  - The Incomati Estuary, is located at Latitudes 25.430 S and 25.530 S and Longitudes 32.410 E and 32.44° E and discharges in the northern part of Maputo Bay. Four sites E1 (Oligohaline Zone), E2 (Euhaline Zone), E3 (Mesohaline zone), and E4 (Polyhaline Zone) were selected following the salinity gradient of the Incomati River Estuary. Sediments samples were collected in these sites for both the analyses of meiofauna communities especially free-living nematodes and environmental variables such as Heavy Metal, Chlorophyll-a, Nitrates and Total phosphorus. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to analyses the data, and nematodes were identified into genus level. Higher concentration of Heavy Metals such as Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc, and Aluminium were found at site E2. Nematodes such as Terschellingia and Theristus were found to be suitable indicators in identifying pollution. The Maturity Index further indicated that sites E2 followed by E1 were the polluted sites in the estuary. Further studies confirming the findings of this study must be done in the Incomati River Estuary, and other studies must be done in the African Coast in order to understand free-living nematodes and close the gap in our monitoring strategies.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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