Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State

Abed El Rahman Hassoun; Véronique Guglielmi; Elissar Gemayel; Catherine Goyet; Marie Abboud-Abi Saab; Michele Giani; Patrizia Ziveri; Gianmarco Ingrosso; Franck Touratier

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12

Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State

Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Véronique Guglielmi, Elissar Gemayel, Catherine Goyet, Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, Michele Giani, Patrizia Ziveri, Gianmarco Ingrosso, Franck Touratier

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 23 January 2015 Accepted: 1 February 2015 Published: 9 February 2015

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Abstract

Most global ocean models are based on the assumption of a “steady state” ocean. Here, we investigate the validation of this hypothesis for the anthropized Mediterranean Sea. In order to do so, we calculated the mixing coefficients of the water masses detected in this sea via an optimum multiparameter analysis referred to as the MIX approach, using data from the BOUM (2008) and MedSeA (2013) cruises. The comparison of the mixing coefficients of each water mass, between 2008 and 2013, indicates that some of their proportions have significantly changed. Surface water mass proportions did not change significantly (Δ 0.05-0.1), while intermediate and deep water mass mixing coefficients of both Eastern and Western basins were significantly modified (~Δ 0.35). This study clearly shows that the Mediterranean seawater is not in a “steady state”.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12
Page(s)	6-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mixing Coefficient, MIX Approach, Water Masses, Seawater Circulation, Mediterranean Sea, Climate Change

References

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Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Véronique Guglielmi, Elissar Gemayel, Catherine Goyet, Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, et al. (2015). Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 4(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12

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Abed El Rahman Hassoun; Véronique Guglielmi; Elissar Gemayel; Catherine Goyet; Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, et al. Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2015, 4(1), 6-17. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12

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Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Véronique Guglielmi, Elissar Gemayel, Catherine Goyet, Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, et al. Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2015;4(1):6-17. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12,
  author = {Abed El Rahman Hassoun and Véronique Guglielmi and Elissar Gemayel and Catherine Goyet and Marie Abboud-Abi Saab and Michele Giani and Patrizia Ziveri and Gianmarco Ingrosso and Franck Touratier},
  title = {Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20150401.12},
  abstract = {Most global ocean models are based on the assumption of a “steady state” ocean. Here, we investigate the validation of this hypothesis for the anthropized Mediterranean Sea. In order to do so, we calculated the mixing coefficients of the water masses detected in this sea via an optimum multiparameter analysis referred to as the MIX approach, using data from the BOUM (2008) and MedSeA (2013) cruises. The comparison of the mixing coefficients of each water mass, between 2008 and 2013, indicates that some of their proportions have significantly changed. Surface water mass proportions did not change significantly (Δ 0.05-0.1), while intermediate and deep water mass mixing coefficients of both Eastern and Western basins were significantly modified (~Δ 0.35). This study clearly shows that the Mediterranean seawater is not in a “steady state”.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State
AU  - Abed El Rahman Hassoun
AU  - Véronique Guglielmi
AU  - Elissar Gemayel
AU  - Catherine Goyet
AU  - Marie Abboud-Abi Saab
AU  - Michele Giani
AU  - Patrizia Ziveri
AU  - Gianmarco Ingrosso
AU  - Franck Touratier
Y1  - 2015/02/09
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
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EP  - 17
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SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12
AB  - Most global ocean models are based on the assumption of a “steady state” ocean. Here, we investigate the validation of this hypothesis for the anthropized Mediterranean Sea. In order to do so, we calculated the mixing coefficients of the water masses detected in this sea via an optimum multiparameter analysis referred to as the MIX approach, using data from the BOUM (2008) and MedSeA (2013) cruises. The comparison of the mixing coefficients of each water mass, between 2008 and 2013, indicates that some of their proportions have significantly changed. Surface water mass proportions did not change significantly (Δ 0.05-0.1), while intermediate and deep water mass mixing coefficients of both Eastern and Western basins were significantly modified (~Δ 0.35). This study clearly shows that the Mediterranean seawater is not in a “steady state”.
VL  - 4
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Abed El Rahman Hassoun

National Council for Scientific Research, National Center for Marine Sciences, Batroun, Lebanon; IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan Cedex, France; ESPACE-DEV, UG UA UR UM IRD, Maison de la télédétection, Montpellier Cedex, France
Véronique Guglielmi

IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan Cedex, France; ESPACE-DEV, UG UA UR UM IRD, Maison de la télédétection, Montpellier Cedex, France
Elissar Gemayel

National Council for Scientific Research, National Center for Marine Sciences, Batroun, Lebanon; IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan Cedex, France; ESPACE-DEV, UG UA UR UM IRD, Maison de la télédétection, Montpellier Cedex, France
Catherine Goyet

IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan Cedex, France; ESPACE-DEV, UG UA UR UM IRD, Maison de la télédétection, Montpellier Cedex, France
Marie Abboud-Abi Saab

National Council for Scientific Research, National Center for Marine Sciences, Batroun, Lebanon
Michele Giani

OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Oceanography Section, Via A. Piccard, Trieste, Italy
Patrizia Ziveri

ICREA - Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ed. Z, ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les columnes, E- 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Gianmarco Ingrosso

OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale), Oceanography Section, Via A. Piccard, Trieste, Italy
Franck Touratier

IMAGES_ESPACE-DEV, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan Cedex, France; ESPACE-DEV, UG UA UR UM IRD, Maison de la télédétection, Montpellier Cedex, France

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Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Véronique Guglielmi, Elissar Gemayel, Catherine Goyet, Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, et al. (2015). Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 4(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12

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Abed El Rahman Hassoun; Véronique Guglielmi; Elissar Gemayel; Catherine Goyet; Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, et al. Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2015, 4(1), 6-17. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12

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AMA Style

Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Véronique Guglielmi, Elissar Gemayel, Catherine Goyet, Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, et al. Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2015;4(1):6-17. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12,
  author = {Abed El Rahman Hassoun and Véronique Guglielmi and Elissar Gemayel and Catherine Goyet and Marie Abboud-Abi Saab and Michele Giani and Patrizia Ziveri and Gianmarco Ingrosso and Franck Touratier},
  title = {Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20150401.12},
  abstract = {Most global ocean models are based on the assumption of a “steady state” ocean. Here, we investigate the validation of this hypothesis for the anthropized Mediterranean Sea. In order to do so, we calculated the mixing coefficients of the water masses detected in this sea via an optimum multiparameter analysis referred to as the MIX approach, using data from the BOUM (2008) and MedSeA (2013) cruises. The comparison of the mixing coefficients of each water mass, between 2008 and 2013, indicates that some of their proportions have significantly changed. Surface water mass proportions did not change significantly (Δ 0.05-0.1), while intermediate and deep water mass mixing coefficients of both Eastern and Western basins were significantly modified (~Δ 0.35). This study clearly shows that the Mediterranean seawater is not in a “steady state”.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Is the Mediterranean Sea Circulation in a Steady State
AU  - Abed El Rahman Hassoun
AU  - Véronique Guglielmi
AU  - Elissar Gemayel
AU  - Catherine Goyet
AU  - Marie Abboud-Abi Saab
AU  - Michele Giani
AU  - Patrizia Ziveri
AU  - Gianmarco Ingrosso
AU  - Franck Touratier
Y1  - 2015/02/09
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 6
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20150401.12
AB  - Most global ocean models are based on the assumption of a “steady state” ocean. Here, we investigate the validation of this hypothesis for the anthropized Mediterranean Sea. In order to do so, we calculated the mixing coefficients of the water masses detected in this sea via an optimum multiparameter analysis referred to as the MIX approach, using data from the BOUM (2008) and MedSeA (2013) cruises. The comparison of the mixing coefficients of each water mass, between 2008 and 2013, indicates that some of their proportions have significantly changed. Surface water mass proportions did not change significantly (Δ 0.05-0.1), while intermediate and deep water mass mixing coefficients of both Eastern and Western basins were significantly modified (~Δ 0.35). This study clearly shows that the Mediterranean seawater is not in a “steady state”.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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