Quality of Packaged Drinking Water Marketed in Douala - Cameroon

Marlyne-Josephine Mananga; Marie Modestine Kana Sop; Etienne Nguidjol; Inocent Gouado

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12

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Quality of Packaged Drinking Water Marketed in Douala - Cameroon

Marlyne-Josephine Mananga, Marie Modestine Kana Sop, Etienne Nguidjol, Inocent Gouado

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 3, Issue 6)

Received: 8 June 2014 Accepted: 1 September 2014 Published: 18 December 2014

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Abstract

Quality and safety of water are very important for the health. The proliferation of conditioned drinking water in urban areas of Cameroon these years raises the problem of quality control. This research was then conducted in Douala town, to determine microbiological and physicochemical qualities of local and imported conditioned drinking water, in order to inform consumers and help them to make better choices. After the survey carried out with the population in Douala town, 32 drinking packaged water in polyethylene bags and bottles were collected and analyzed. The choice was made according to the amount of the persons using this water. The research of the total germs was done by the Plate Count Agar, the coliforms determined by the Eosin Methylen Blue and staphylococcus by the Chapman medium. The hardness, the concentration of calcium and magnesium were determined by complexometric method using tetra acetic diamine ethylen (EDTA). The pH, the turbidity and the conductivity were determined respectively by a pH meter, turbidimeter and a conductimeter. Chlorides and nitrates were measured by UV spectrometric method. According to the results obtained, consumers surveyed choose a type of brand water for economic reasons, 82 % of trademarks investigated had worst sanitary safety. The analytical results demonstrated that 76 % of water produced in Douala are soft (0°F43°F) and highly mineralized. Water packed in bags harbored numerous species of bacteria including Pseudomonas cepacia, Acinetobacteria, and nonpathogenic Staphylococcus; their densities were respectively, 23x103 ± 3605,55 CFU.100 mL-1, 22x103 ± 1732,05 to 54x103 ± 4582,57 CFU.100 mL-1 and 23x103 ± 2000 CFU.100 mL-1. Conditioned water produced in Douala (in bags) had the worse microbiological quality than the imported water. On the contrary they are softer than imported water.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12
Page(s)	74-79
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Drinking Water, Quality, Norms, Waterborne Diseases, Douala

References

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APA Style

Marlyne-Josephine Mananga, Marie Modestine Kana Sop, Etienne Nguidjol, Inocent Gouado. (2014). Quality of Packaged Drinking Water Marketed in Douala - Cameroon. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 3(6), 74-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12

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ACS Style

Marlyne-Josephine Mananga; Marie Modestine Kana Sop; Etienne Nguidjol; Inocent Gouado. Quality of Packaged Drinking Water Marketed in Douala - Cameroon. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2014, 3(6), 74-79. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12

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AMA Style

Marlyne-Josephine Mananga, Marie Modestine Kana Sop, Etienne Nguidjol, Inocent Gouado. Quality of Packaged Drinking Water Marketed in Douala - Cameroon. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2014;3(6):74-79. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12,
  author = {Marlyne-Josephine Mananga and Marie Modestine Kana Sop and Etienne Nguidjol and Inocent Gouado},
  title = {Quality of Packaged Drinking Water Marketed in Douala - Cameroon},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {74-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20140306.12},
  abstract = {Quality and safety of water are very important for the health. The proliferation of conditioned drinking water in urban areas of Cameroon these years raises the problem of quality control. This research was then conducted in Douala town, to determine microbiological and physicochemical qualities of local and imported conditioned drinking water, in order to inform consumers and help them to make better choices. After the survey carried out with the population in Douala town, 32 drinking packaged water in polyethylene bags and bottles were collected and analyzed. The choice was made according to the amount of the persons using this water. The research of the total germs was done by the Plate Count Agar, the coliforms determined by the Eosin Methylen Blue and staphylococcus by the Chapman medium. The hardness, the concentration of calcium and magnesium were determined by complexometric method using tetra acetic diamine ethylen (EDTA). The pH, the turbidity and the conductivity were determined respectively by a pH meter, turbidimeter and a conductimeter. Chlorides and nitrates were measured by UV spectrometric method. According to the results obtained, consumers surveyed choose a type of brand water for economic reasons, 82 % of trademarks investigated had worst sanitary safety. The analytical results demonstrated that 76 % of water produced in Douala are soft (0°F43°F) and highly mineralized. Water packed in bags harbored numerous species of bacteria including Pseudomonas cepacia, Acinetobacteria, and nonpathogenic Staphylococcus; their densities were respectively, 23x103 ± 3605,55 CFU.100 mL-1, 22x103 ± 1732,05 to 54x103 ± 4582,57 CFU.100 mL-1 and 23x103 ± 2000  CFU.100 mL-1. Conditioned water produced in Douala (in bags) had the worse microbiological quality than the imported water. On the contrary they are softer than imported water.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Quality of Packaged Drinking Water Marketed in Douala - Cameroon
AU - Marlyne-Josephine Mananga
AU - Marie Modestine Kana Sop
AU - Etienne Nguidjol
AU - Inocent Gouado
Y1 - 2014/12/18
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12
DO - 10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12
T2 - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP - 74
EP - 79
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7993
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12
AB - Quality and safety of water are very important for the health. The proliferation of conditioned drinking water in urban areas of Cameroon these years raises the problem of quality control. This research was then conducted in Douala town, to determine microbiological and physicochemical qualities of local and imported conditioned drinking water, in order to inform consumers and help them to make better choices. After the survey carried out with the population in Douala town, 32 drinking packaged water in polyethylene bags and bottles were collected and analyzed. The choice was made according to the amount of the persons using this water. The research of the total germs was done by the Plate Count Agar, the coliforms determined by the Eosin Methylen Blue and staphylococcus by the Chapman medium. The hardness, the concentration of calcium and magnesium were determined by complexometric method using tetra acetic diamine ethylen (EDTA). The pH, the turbidity and the conductivity were determined respectively by a pH meter, turbidimeter and a conductimeter. Chlorides and nitrates were measured by UV spectrometric method. According to the results obtained, consumers surveyed choose a type of brand water for economic reasons, 82 % of trademarks investigated had worst sanitary safety. The analytical results demonstrated that 76 % of water produced in Douala are soft (0°F43°F) and highly mineralized. Water packed in bags harbored numerous species of bacteria including Pseudomonas cepacia, Acinetobacteria, and nonpathogenic Staphylococcus; their densities were respectively, 23x103 ± 3605,55 CFU.100 mL-1, 22x103 ± 1732,05 to 54x103 ± 4582,57 CFU.100 mL-1 and 23x103 ± 2000 CFU.100 mL-1. Conditioned water produced in Douala (in bags) had the worse microbiological quality than the imported water. On the contrary they are softer than imported water.
VL - 3
IS - 6
ER -

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Author Information

Marlyne-Josephine Mananga

University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Marie Modestine Kana Sop

University of Douala, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Box 24157 Douala, Cameroon
Etienne Nguidjol

Laboratory of physicochemical and microbiological analysis of water, HYDRAC Society, Box: 12806 Douala, Cameroon
Inocent Gouado

University of Douala, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Box 24157 Douala, Cameroon

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APA Style

Marlyne-Josephine Mananga, Marie Modestine Kana Sop, Etienne Nguidjol, Inocent Gouado. (2014). Quality of Packaged Drinking Water Marketed in Douala - Cameroon. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 3(6), 74-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12

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ACS Style

Marlyne-Josephine Mananga; Marie Modestine Kana Sop; Etienne Nguidjol; Inocent Gouado. Quality of Packaged Drinking Water Marketed in Douala - Cameroon. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2014, 3(6), 74-79. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12

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AMA Style

Marlyne-Josephine Mananga, Marie Modestine Kana Sop, Etienne Nguidjol, Inocent Gouado. Quality of Packaged Drinking Water Marketed in Douala - Cameroon. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2014;3(6):74-79. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12,
  author = {Marlyne-Josephine Mananga and Marie Modestine Kana Sop and Etienne Nguidjol and Inocent Gouado},
  title = {Quality of Packaged Drinking Water Marketed in Douala - Cameroon},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {74-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20140306.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20140306.12},
  abstract = {Quality and safety of water are very important for the health. The proliferation of conditioned drinking water in urban areas of Cameroon these years raises the problem of quality control. This research was then conducted in Douala town, to determine microbiological and physicochemical qualities of local and imported conditioned drinking water, in order to inform consumers and help them to make better choices. After the survey carried out with the population in Douala town, 32 drinking packaged water in polyethylene bags and bottles were collected and analyzed. The choice was made according to the amount of the persons using this water. The research of the total germs was done by the Plate Count Agar, the coliforms determined by the Eosin Methylen Blue and staphylococcus by the Chapman medium. The hardness, the concentration of calcium and magnesium were determined by complexometric method using tetra acetic diamine ethylen (EDTA). The pH, the turbidity and the conductivity were determined respectively by a pH meter, turbidimeter and a conductimeter. Chlorides and nitrates were measured by UV spectrometric method. According to the results obtained, consumers surveyed choose a type of brand water for economic reasons, 82 % of trademarks investigated had worst sanitary safety. The analytical results demonstrated that 76 % of water produced in Douala are soft (0°F43°F) and highly mineralized. Water packed in bags harbored numerous species of bacteria including Pseudomonas cepacia, Acinetobacteria, and nonpathogenic Staphylococcus; their densities were respectively, 23x103 ± 3605,55 CFU.100 mL-1, 22x103 ± 1732,05 to 54x103 ± 4582,57 CFU.100 mL-1 and 23x103 ± 2000  CFU.100 mL-1. Conditioned water produced in Douala (in bags) had the worse microbiological quality than the imported water. On the contrary they are softer than imported water.},
 year = {2014}
}

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