Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria

Avwiri Gregory O.; Esi Emmanuel; Agbalagba Ezekiel O.

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11

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Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria

Avwiri Gregory O., Esi Emmanuel, Agbalagba Ezekiel O.

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 5)

Received: 25 July 2013 Accepted: Published: 10 September 2013

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Abstract

This paper present the findings of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 228Ra and 40K) carried out on produced water collected from seven oil and gas fields onshore of Delta State, using gamma spectroscopy. Twenty- one produced water samples from seven flow stations waste pit were collected within the oil fields using standard methods. The average specific activity concentrations for the radionuclides 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra are 48.7813.67Bql-1, 6.042.48Bql-1 and 5.182.14Bql-1 respectively. These obtained values are higher than the WHO, 2008 recommended standard limit of 10Bql-1, 1.0Bql-1 and 0.1Bql-1 for 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra respectively. Radium equivalent have average activity concentration of 14.365.55Bql-1 while the average absorbed dose rate of 6.68mSvy-1 was found to be higher than the UNSCEAR 2000 acceptable standard of 1.5mSvy-1. Although the hazard indices (Hex, Hin) calculated are still within their tolerable levels, the estimated committed effective dose due to intake of the sampled water for all the produced water considered are far above the ICRP 0.1 mSvyr-1 maximum permissible limit. The result indicates some level of water pollution in the studied water samples. This work will add to the world data base of natural radionuclide in produced water from crude oil.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11
Page(s)	167-174
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Natural Radioactivity, Produced Water, Oil Fields, Delta State

References

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APA Style

Avwiri Gregory O., Esi Emmanuel, Agbalagba Ezekiel O. (2013). Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(5), 167-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11

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ACS Style

Avwiri Gregory O.; Esi Emmanuel; Agbalagba Ezekiel O. Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2013, 1(5), 167-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11

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AMA Style

Avwiri Gregory O., Esi Emmanuel, Agbalagba Ezekiel O. Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2013;1(5):167-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11,
  author = {Avwiri Gregory O. and Esi Emmanuel and Agbalagba Ezekiel O.},
  title = {Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {1},
  number = {5},
  pages = {167-174},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130105.11},
  abstract = {This paper present the findings of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 228Ra and 40K) carried out on produced water collected from seven oil and gas fields onshore of Delta State, using gamma spectroscopy. Twenty- one produced water samples from seven flow stations waste pit were collected within the oil fields using standard methods. The average specific activity concentrations for the radionuclides 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra are 48.7813.67Bql-1, 6.042.48Bql-1 and 5.182.14Bql-1 respectively. These obtained values are higher than the WHO, 2008 recommended standard limit of 10Bql-1, 1.0Bql-1 and 0.1Bql-1 for 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra respectively. Radium equivalent have average activity concentration of 14.365.55Bql-1 while the average absorbed dose rate of 6.68mSvy-1 was found to be higher than the UNSCEAR 2000 acceptable standard of 1.5mSvy-1. Although the hazard indices (Hex, Hin) calculated are still within their tolerable levels, the estimated committed effective dose due to intake of the sampled water for all the produced water considered are far above the ICRP 0.1 mSvyr-1 maximum permissible limit. The result indicates some level of water pollution in the studied water samples. This work will add to the world data base of natural radionuclide in produced water from crude oil.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria
AU - Avwiri Gregory O.
AU - Esi Emmanuel
AU - Agbalagba Ezekiel O.
Y1 - 2013/09/10
PY - 2013
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11
T2 - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP - 167
EP - 174
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7667
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11
AB - This paper present the findings of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 228Ra and 40K) carried out on produced water collected from seven oil and gas fields onshore of Delta State, using gamma spectroscopy. Twenty- one produced water samples from seven flow stations waste pit were collected within the oil fields using standard methods. The average specific activity concentrations for the radionuclides 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra are 48.7813.67Bql-1, 6.042.48Bql-1 and 5.182.14Bql-1 respectively. These obtained values are higher than the WHO, 2008 recommended standard limit of 10Bql-1, 1.0Bql-1 and 0.1Bql-1 for 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra respectively. Radium equivalent have average activity concentration of 14.365.55Bql-1 while the average absorbed dose rate of 6.68mSvy-1 was found to be higher than the UNSCEAR 2000 acceptable standard of 1.5mSvy-1. Although the hazard indices (Hex, Hin) calculated are still within their tolerable levels, the estimated committed effective dose due to intake of the sampled water for all the produced water considered are far above the ICRP 0.1 mSvyr-1 maximum permissible limit. The result indicates some level of water pollution in the studied water samples. This work will add to the world data base of natural radionuclide in produced water from crude oil.
VL - 1
IS - 5
ER -

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Author Information

Avwiri Gregory O.

Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
Esi Emmanuel

Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
Agbalagba Ezekiel O.

Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria

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APA Style

Avwiri Gregory O., Esi Emmanuel, Agbalagba Ezekiel O. (2013). Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(5), 167-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11

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ACS Style

Avwiri Gregory O.; Esi Emmanuel; Agbalagba Ezekiel O. Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2013, 1(5), 167-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11

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AMA Style

Avwiri Gregory O., Esi Emmanuel, Agbalagba Ezekiel O. Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2013;1(5):167-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11,
  author = {Avwiri Gregory O. and Esi Emmanuel and Agbalagba Ezekiel O.},
  title = {Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {1},
  number = {5},
  pages = {167-174},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130105.11},
  abstract = {This paper present the findings of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 228Ra and 40K) carried out on produced water collected from seven oil and gas fields onshore of Delta State, using gamma spectroscopy. Twenty- one produced water samples from seven flow stations waste pit were collected within the oil fields using standard methods. The average specific activity concentrations for the radionuclides 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra are 48.7813.67Bql-1, 6.042.48Bql-1 and 5.182.14Bql-1 respectively. These obtained values are higher than the WHO, 2008 recommended standard limit of 10Bql-1, 1.0Bql-1 and 0.1Bql-1 for 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra respectively. Radium equivalent have average activity concentration of 14.365.55Bql-1 while the average absorbed dose rate of 6.68mSvy-1 was found to be higher than the UNSCEAR 2000 acceptable standard of 1.5mSvy-1. Although the hazard indices (Hex, Hin) calculated are still within their tolerable levels, the estimated committed effective dose due to intake of the sampled water for all the produced water considered are far above the ICRP 0.1 mSvyr-1 maximum permissible limit. The result indicates some level of water pollution in the studied water samples. This work will add to the world data base of natural radionuclide in produced water from crude oil.},
 year = {2013}
}

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