Investigating the Structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra Basins, Nigeria, Using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Centre for Exploration Targeting Plug-In

ADETONA; A. ABBASS; ABU MALLAM

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11

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Investigating the Structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra Basins, Nigeria, Using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Centre for Exploration Targeting Plug-In

ADETONA, A. ABBASS, ABU MALLAM

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 5)

Received: 17 August 2013 Accepted: Published: 20 September 2013

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Abstract

The IGRF-corrected 2009 aeromagnetic data over the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra basins Nigeria was subjected to both Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives, Analytical Signal and CET grid analysis, these digital processing tools were achieved both on map and profile analysis. From the analysis of both the Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives the study area could be divided into two regions based on the degree of distortion to the magnetic signatures the Northern and the Western edge of the area is covered by short wavelength magnetic anomalous signatures that are the characteristic of outcrop and shallow intrusive magnetic bodies, while the remaining part of the study area is characterized by medium to long wavelength magnetic signatures that are attributes of deep sited magnetic rocks in areas of medium to thick sedimentations. Result of the Analytical Signal which is in local amplitude reveals regions with outcrop of magnetic rocks having amplitudes ranging from 0.230 to 0.40 (shown as pink color), area with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at shallow depths, with amplitudes ranging from 0.094 to 0.229 cycles (shown as red color), while regions with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at greater depths, having very low amplitudes ranging from -0.085 to 0.055 cycles (shown in yellow to green color). Analyses due to CET grid analysis equally reveal the basement rocks to the North and Southern edge of the study area. Intrusions into the sedimentary formation are also revealed. The research discovered that the lower (southern) part of the area (on Angba and Otukpo area) shows structures (Basaltic rocks) that intrude into the basement which could have predate the sedimentation period, several fracture and fault lines are detected on the CET map, most prominent among them is that at the Southeastern corner of the area which trends NE-SW which can be attributed to an onshore extension of Charcots fault zone , and that which trends N-S is a fault line that controls the course of River Niger. These three features are responsible for the depressions where sediments can accumulate.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11
Page(s)	104-112
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF), Basaltic Intrusions, Source Parameter Imaging, Horizontal Gradient and Center for Exploration Targeting (CET)

References

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[2]	Colin Reeves. 1985. The Kalahari Desert, central southern Africa – a case history of regional gravity and magnetic exploration. In Hinze, W.J. (ed), The utility of gravity and magnetic surveys, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, special volume, pp 144-156.
[3]	Barbosa, V. C. F., Silva, J. B. C., and Medeiros, W. E. (1999) Stability analysis and improvement of structural index estimation in Euler deconvolution: Geophysics, 64, 48–60.
[4]	Ojoh K. A. (1992) The Southern part of the Benue Trough (Nigeria) Cretaceous stratigraphy, basin analysis, paleo-oceanography and geodynamic evolution in the equatorial domain of the south Atlantic. NAPE Bull 7:131-152
[5]	Petters S. W., Ekweozor C. M. (1982) Petroleum geology of the Benue Trough and South-Eastern Chad Basin, Nigeria. AAPG Bull 66:1141–1149
[6]	Thompson, D. T. (1982) "EULDPH" A new technique for making computer-assisted depth estimates from magnetic data: Geophysics, 47, 31-37.
[7]	Reid, A.B., Allsop, J. M., Granser, H., Millet, A. J., and Somerton, I. W. (1990) Magnetic interpretation in three dimensions using Euler deconvolution: Geophysics, 55, p. 80-91.
[8]	Barbosa, V. C. F., Silva, J. B. C., and Medeiros, W. E. (1999) Stability analysis and improvement of structural index estimation in Euler deconvolution: Geophysics, 64, 48–60.
[9]	Nabighian, M.N., 1974. Additional comment on the analytic signal of two dimensional magnetic bodies with polygonal cross-section. Geophysics, 39, 85-92.
[10]	Nabighian, M.N., 1972. The analytic signal of two dimensional magnetic bodies with polygonal cross-section: its properties and use for automated anomaly interpretation. Geophysics, 37, 507-517.
[11]	Peter Kovesi, P. (1997) "Symmetry and asymmetry From local phase", AI’97, Tenth Australian. Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 2 - 4 December 1997.
[12]	Peter Kovesi, "Image features from phase congruency", Videre: Journal of Computer Vision Research, Summer 1991, Volume 1, Number 3, The MIT Press.
[13]	Akande, S, O and Erdtmann, B. D. (1998) Burial Metamorphism (Thermal Maturation) in Cretaceous sediments of the Southern Benue Trough and Anambra Basin, Nigeria: A.A.P.G. Bulletin v. 82,p.l191 – 1206
[14]	Nabighian, M.N., 1974. Additional comment on the analytic signal of two dimensional magnetic bodies with polygonal cross-section. Geophysics, 39, 85-92.
[15]	Avbovbo A. A., Ayoola E. O., Osahon G. A. (1986) Depositional and structural styles in the Chad Basin of northeastern Nigeria. AAPG Bull 70:1787–1798.
[16]	Benkhelil, J. (1989) The origin and evolution of the Cretaceous Benue Trough, Nigeria. J Afr Earth Sci 8:251–282
[17]	Nabighian, M.N., 1972. The analytic signal of two dimensional magnetic bodies with polygonal cross-section: its properties and use for automated anomaly interpretation. Geophysics, 37, 507-517.
[18]	Reyment R Aand Dingle R V 1987 Palaeogeography of Africa during the cretaceous period palaeogoegr palaeoclimatol palaeocol 59, 93-116
[19]	Beaumont C (1978) The evolution of sedimentary basin on a viscoellastic lithosphere theory and example Geophys J ?Roy AstrSoc 55,471-497

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ADETONA, A. ABBASS, ABU MALLAM. (2013). Investigating the Structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra Basins, Nigeria, Using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Centre for Exploration Targeting Plug-In. Earth Sciences, 2(5), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11

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ACS Style

ADETONA; A. ABBASS; ABU MALLAM. Investigating the Structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra Basins, Nigeria, Using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Centre for Exploration Targeting Plug-In. Earth Sci. 2013, 2(5), 104-112. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11

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AMA Style

ADETONA, A. ABBASS, ABU MALLAM. Investigating the Structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra Basins, Nigeria, Using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Centre for Exploration Targeting Plug-In. Earth Sci. 2013;2(5):104-112. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11,
  author = {ADETONA and A. ABBASS and ABU MALLAM},
  title = {Investigating the Structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra Basins, Nigeria, Using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Centre for Exploration Targeting Plug-In},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {104-112},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20130205.11},
  abstract = {The IGRF-corrected 2009 aeromagnetic data over the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra basins Nigeria was subjected to both Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives, Analytical Signal and CET grid analysis, these digital processing tools were achieved both on map and profile analysis. From the analysis of both the Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives the study area could be divided into two regions based on the degree of distortion to the magnetic signatures the Northern and the Western edge of the area is covered by short wavelength magnetic anomalous signatures that are the characteristic of outcrop and shallow intrusive magnetic bodies, while the remaining part of the study area is characterized by medium to long wavelength magnetic signatures that are attributes of deep sited magnetic rocks in areas of medium to thick sedimentations. Result of the Analytical Signal which is in local amplitude reveals regions with outcrop of magnetic rocks having amplitudes ranging from 0.230 to 0.40 (shown as pink color), area with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at shallow depths, with amplitudes ranging from 0.094 to 0.229 cycles (shown as red color), while regions with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at greater depths, having very low amplitudes ranging from -0.085 to 0.055 cycles (shown in yellow to green color). Analyses due to CET grid analysis equally reveal the basement rocks to the North and Southern edge of the study area. Intrusions into the sedimentary formation are also revealed. The research discovered that the lower (southern) part of the area (on Angba and Otukpo area) shows structures (Basaltic rocks) that intrude into the basement which could have predate the sedimentation period, several fracture and fault lines are detected on the CET map, most prominent among them is that at the Southeastern corner of the area which trends NE-SW which can be attributed to an onshore extension of Charcots fault zone , and that which trends N-S is a fault line that controls the course of River Niger. These three features are responsible for the depressions where sediments can accumulate.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Investigating the Structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra Basins, Nigeria, Using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Centre for Exploration Targeting Plug-In
AU  - ADETONA
AU  - A. ABBASS
AU  - ABU MALLAM
Y1  - 2013/09/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 104
EP  - 112
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11
AB  - The IGRF-corrected 2009 aeromagnetic data over the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra basins Nigeria was subjected to both Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives, Analytical Signal and CET grid analysis, these digital processing tools were achieved both on map and profile analysis. From the analysis of both the Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives the study area could be divided into two regions based on the degree of distortion to the magnetic signatures the Northern and the Western edge of the area is covered by short wavelength magnetic anomalous signatures that are the characteristic of outcrop and shallow intrusive magnetic bodies, while the remaining part of the study area is characterized by medium to long wavelength magnetic signatures that are attributes of deep sited magnetic rocks in areas of medium to thick sedimentations. Result of the Analytical Signal which is in local amplitude reveals regions with outcrop of magnetic rocks having amplitudes ranging from 0.230 to 0.40 (shown as pink color), area with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at shallow depths, with amplitudes ranging from 0.094 to 0.229 cycles (shown as red color), while regions with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at greater depths, having very low amplitudes ranging from -0.085 to 0.055 cycles (shown in yellow to green color). Analyses due to CET grid analysis equally reveal the basement rocks to the North and Southern edge of the study area. Intrusions into the sedimentary formation are also revealed. The research discovered that the lower (southern) part of the area (on Angba and Otukpo area) shows structures (Basaltic rocks) that intrude into the basement which could have predate the sedimentation period, several fracture and fault lines are detected on the CET map, most prominent among them is that at the Southeastern corner of the area which trends NE-SW which can be attributed to an onshore extension of Charcots fault zone , and that which trends N-S is a fault line that controls the course of River Niger. These three features are responsible for the depressions where sediments can accumulate.
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

ADETONA
A. ABBASS
ABU MALLAM

Department of Physics, University of Abuja, Abuja

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ADETONA, A. ABBASS, ABU MALLAM. (2013). Investigating the Structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra Basins, Nigeria, Using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Centre for Exploration Targeting Plug-In. Earth Sciences, 2(5), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11

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ACS Style

ADETONA; A. ABBASS; ABU MALLAM. Investigating the Structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra Basins, Nigeria, Using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Centre for Exploration Targeting Plug-In. Earth Sci. 2013, 2(5), 104-112. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11

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AMA Style

ADETONA, A. ABBASS, ABU MALLAM. Investigating the Structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra Basins, Nigeria, Using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Centre for Exploration Targeting Plug-In. Earth Sci. 2013;2(5):104-112. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11,
  author = {ADETONA and A. ABBASS and ABU MALLAM},
  title = {Investigating the Structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra Basins, Nigeria, Using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Centre for Exploration Targeting Plug-In},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {104-112},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20130205.11},
  abstract = {The IGRF-corrected 2009 aeromagnetic data over the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra basins Nigeria was subjected to both Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives, Analytical Signal and CET grid analysis, these digital processing tools were achieved both on map and profile analysis. From the analysis of both the Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives the study area could be divided into two regions based on the degree of distortion to the magnetic signatures the Northern and the Western edge of the area is covered by short wavelength magnetic anomalous signatures that are the characteristic of outcrop and shallow intrusive magnetic bodies, while the remaining part of the study area is characterized by medium to long wavelength magnetic signatures that are attributes of deep sited magnetic rocks in areas of medium to thick sedimentations. Result of the Analytical Signal which is in local amplitude reveals regions with outcrop of magnetic rocks having amplitudes ranging from 0.230 to 0.40 (shown as pink color), area with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at shallow depths, with amplitudes ranging from 0.094 to 0.229 cycles (shown as red color), while regions with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at greater depths, having very low amplitudes ranging from -0.085 to 0.055 cycles (shown in yellow to green color). Analyses due to CET grid analysis equally reveal the basement rocks to the North and Southern edge of the study area. Intrusions into the sedimentary formation are also revealed. The research discovered that the lower (southern) part of the area (on Angba and Otukpo area) shows structures (Basaltic rocks) that intrude into the basement which could have predate the sedimentation period, several fracture and fault lines are detected on the CET map, most prominent among them is that at the Southeastern corner of the area which trends NE-SW which can be attributed to an onshore extension of Charcots fault zone , and that which trends N-S is a fault line that controls the course of River Niger. These three features are responsible for the depressions where sediments can accumulate.},
 year = {2013}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Investigating the Structures within the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra Basins, Nigeria, Using First Vertical Derivative, Analytical Signal and (CET) Centre for Exploration Targeting Plug-In
AU  - ADETONA
AU  - A. ABBASS
AU  - ABU MALLAM
Y1  - 2013/09/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 104
EP  - 112
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20130205.11
AB  - The IGRF-corrected 2009 aeromagnetic data over the Lower Benue and Upper Anambra basins Nigeria was subjected to both Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives, Analytical Signal and CET grid analysis, these digital processing tools were achieved both on map and profile analysis. From the analysis of both the Vertical and Horizontal Derivatives the study area could be divided into two regions based on the degree of distortion to the magnetic signatures the Northern and the Western edge of the area is covered by short wavelength magnetic anomalous signatures that are the characteristic of outcrop and shallow intrusive magnetic bodies, while the remaining part of the study area is characterized by medium to long wavelength magnetic signatures that are attributes of deep sited magnetic rocks in areas of medium to thick sedimentations. Result of the Analytical Signal which is in local amplitude reveals regions with outcrop of magnetic rocks having amplitudes ranging from 0.230 to 0.40 (shown as pink color), area with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at shallow depths, with amplitudes ranging from 0.094 to 0.229 cycles (shown as red color), while regions with magnetic rock intruding into sedimentary formations at greater depths, having very low amplitudes ranging from -0.085 to 0.055 cycles (shown in yellow to green color). Analyses due to CET grid analysis equally reveal the basement rocks to the North and Southern edge of the study area. Intrusions into the sedimentary formation are also revealed. The research discovered that the lower (southern) part of the area (on Angba and Otukpo area) shows structures (Basaltic rocks) that intrude into the basement which could have predate the sedimentation period, several fracture and fault lines are detected on the CET map, most prominent among them is that at the Southeastern corner of the area which trends NE-SW which can be attributed to an onshore extension of Charcots fault zone , and that which trends N-S is a fault line that controls the course of River Niger. These three features are responsible for the depressions where sediments can accumulate.
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
ER  -

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