Advances in Psychology and Neuroscience

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Cognitive Impairment/Dementia in HIV Patients in a Faith Based Clinic

Received: 28 September 2016    Accepted: 30 September 2016    Published: 14 February 2017
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Abstract

Human Immuno-deficiency (HIV) Virus is usually among other disorders associated with cognitive impairment and dementia adding to the burden of the disease in affected individuals and the quality of care. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a non-governmental organization caring for patients with the disease in Jos, North Central Nigeria. A total of 220 patients attending the Faith Alive Clinic in Jos were randomly selected and studied using instruments such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Modified – HIV Associated Dementia Scale (M-HDS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale – Revised (CES-D). Most of the patients were female (60.9%), male 31.9% with 48.6% married. Analysis of the different subscales of M-HAD the MMSE reveals significant impairment Psychomotor, memory and recall and the construction functions of the subjects P ≤ 0.000. The prevalence of cognitive impairment/dementia in the study population was 70.9% on M-HDS and 35% on MMSE. The implication of these findings is that clinicians should have reasonable index of suspicion when managing patients that are HIV Sero-positive to be able to identify patients with cognitive problems.

DOI 10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.15
Published in Advances in Psychology and Neuroscience (Volume 2, Issue 2-1, March 2017)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Substance Abuse: Perspectives, Trends, Issues and the Way Forward

Page(s) 27-30
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus, Cognitive Impairment, Dementia Scale, Jos, Mini-Mental State Examination, Depression Scale

References
[1] WHO. Global Programme on AIDS current and future dimensions of the HIV/AIDS pandemic: A Capsule Summary, Geneva, Switzerland, 1992.
[2] Rispel, C. L, Allanise, C, Metalf, C. A Experiences of stigma and discrimination among HIV- discordant couples in South –Africa, Tanzania and Ukraine. Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, vol.12 (1), pp.10-17, 2015.
[3] Wong, M. H, Robertson, K. Nakasujja, M. B. Frequency of and risk factors for HAD in an HIV clinic in Sub-Saharan Africa. Neurology, vol. 68 (5), pp.350-355, 2007.
[4] Major, M. Satz, P, Janssen, R, Zaudig, M, Starace, F. WHO Neuropsychiatric Aids Study – Cross sectional phase Neuropsychological and Neurological Findings. Archives of General Psychiatry Vol. 51 pp. 51-61, 1994.
[5] Sacktor, N The epidemiology of HIV associated Neurological disease in the era of HAART. Journal of Neurology, vol. 8 (12), pp. 115 –121, 2002.
[6] Forstein, M. Neuropsychiatric aspects of HIV infection. HIV Medical Alert, vol. 7 (1), pp.1–4, 2003.
[7] Cassels, C. Prevalence of HIV related dementia second only to Alzheimer’s and stroke. Neurology, vol. 68, pp.380-385, 2007.
[8] Power, C, Selnes, O. A, Grim, J. A, JMcArthur, J. C. HIV dementia scale. A rapid screening test. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, vol.8, pp. 273–278, 1995.
[9] Howard, E, Grant, I, Ian, P. E, Stuart, A. L Susan. S. Prevalence of Cognitive dysfunction in HIV/AIDS. Neurology of AIDS 2nd ed; London. Oxford University Press, 2005, pp.326–337.
[10] Patel, V. N. Mungwira, R. G, Tarumbiswa, T. F, Heikinheimo, T, van Oosterhou, J. J. High Prevalence of suspected HIV-associated dementia in adult Malawian HIV patients. International Journal for STD AIDS, vol. 21 (5), pp. 356-8, 2010.
[11] Hinkin, C Comparing the accuracy of two methods in diagnosing HIV–Associated Cognitive Impairment. Journal of Clinical Experiment and Neuropsychology, vol.13 (3), pp. 462–470, 2007.
[12] Baiyewu, O, Unverzagt, F. W, Lane, K. A, Gureje, O. The stick design. Journal of International Neuropsychology, vol. 11, pp. 598–605, 2005.
[13] Heaton, R. K, Grant, I, Butters, N. The HNRC 500–Neuropsychology of HIV infection at different disease stages. HIV Neuro-behavioral Research Centre. Journal of International Neuropsychology, vol. 1 (3), pp. 231–251, 1995.
Author Information
  • Department of Psychiatry, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Hematology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Psychiatry, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Psychiatry, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Psychiatry, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

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    Piwuna C. G., Piwuna T. O., Obindo J. T., Tungchama F. P., Bankat M. A. (2017). Cognitive Impairment/Dementia in HIV Patients in a Faith Based Clinic. Advances in Psychology and Neuroscience, 2(2-1), 27-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.15

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    ACS Style

    Piwuna C. G.; Piwuna T. O.; Obindo J. T.; Tungchama F. P.; Bankat M. A. Cognitive Impairment/Dementia in HIV Patients in a Faith Based Clinic. Adv. Psychol. Neurosci. 2017, 2(2-1), 27-30. doi: 10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.15

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    AMA Style

    Piwuna C. G., Piwuna T. O., Obindo J. T., Tungchama F. P., Bankat M. A. Cognitive Impairment/Dementia in HIV Patients in a Faith Based Clinic. Adv Psychol Neurosci. 2017;2(2-1):27-30. doi: 10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.15,
      author = {Piwuna C. G. and Piwuna T. O. and Obindo J. T. and Tungchama F. P. and Bankat M. A.},
      title = {Cognitive Impairment/Dementia in HIV Patients in a Faith Based Clinic},
      journal = {Advances in Psychology and Neuroscience},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2-1},
      pages = {27-30},
      doi = {10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.apn.s.2017020201.15},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.apn.s.2017020201.15},
      abstract = {Human Immuno-deficiency (HIV) Virus is usually among other disorders associated with cognitive impairment and dementia adding to the burden of the disease in affected individuals and the quality of care. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a non-governmental organization caring for patients with the disease in Jos, North Central Nigeria. A total of 220 patients attending the Faith Alive Clinic in Jos were randomly selected and studied using instruments such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Modified – HIV Associated Dementia Scale (M-HDS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale – Revised (CES-D). Most of the patients were female (60.9%), male 31.9% with 48.6% married. Analysis of the different subscales of M-HAD the MMSE reveals significant impairment Psychomotor, memory and recall and the construction functions of the subjects P ≤ 0.000. The prevalence of cognitive impairment/dementia in the study population was 70.9% on M-HDS and 35% on MMSE. The implication of these findings is that clinicians should have reasonable index of suspicion when managing patients that are HIV Sero-positive to be able to identify patients with cognitive problems.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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    AB  - Human Immuno-deficiency (HIV) Virus is usually among other disorders associated with cognitive impairment and dementia adding to the burden of the disease in affected individuals and the quality of care. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a non-governmental organization caring for patients with the disease in Jos, North Central Nigeria. A total of 220 patients attending the Faith Alive Clinic in Jos were randomly selected and studied using instruments such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Modified – HIV Associated Dementia Scale (M-HDS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale – Revised (CES-D). Most of the patients were female (60.9%), male 31.9% with 48.6% married. Analysis of the different subscales of M-HAD the MMSE reveals significant impairment Psychomotor, memory and recall and the construction functions of the subjects P ≤ 0.000. The prevalence of cognitive impairment/dementia in the study population was 70.9% on M-HDS and 35% on MMSE. The implication of these findings is that clinicians should have reasonable index of suspicion when managing patients that are HIV Sero-positive to be able to identify patients with cognitive problems.
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