Safety and Efficacy of Chloral Hydrate in Outpatient Pediatrics for Sedation

Ruijuan Qiu; Guohua Huang

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Safety and Efficacy of Chloral Hydrate in Outpatient Pediatrics for Sedation

Ruijuan Qiu, Guohua Huang

Published in Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 30 June 2020 Accepted: 23 July 2020 Published: 5 August 2020

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Objective: Sedation is frequently applied in children who need to undergo a diagnosis or treatment procedure. We aim to investigate the safety and efficacy of retention enema with chloral hydrate for the sedation of outpatient children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed outpatient pediatric patients from March 1, 2020 to July 6, 2020, who were given an initial dose of chloral hydrate rectally for needed sedation. Patient demographics, sedation dose, onset action time, action duration time, adverse reactions were recorded. Results: In this study, totally fifty- four pediatric patients (36 males, 18 females; median [range] age, 3 [1-5] years) were sedated with chloral hydrate (median [range] dose, 70 [30-130] mg/kg). The median weight was 15 (10-21) kg, and 48 (88.9%) children was success to sedate and finished the designated examinations. Five cases (9.3%) awoke quickly and one child (1.9%) failure to fall asleep, which required rescheduling of sedation. The median action duration time of sedation was 3 (1-8) hours, and all children recovered normally post-sedation. Only 2 cases (3.7%) showed minor adverse reaction, presented as prolonged sleep. Conclusion: When strictly following the process, retention enema with chloral hydrate in pediatric patients for sedation in this study demonstrated a relatively high success rate and low risk of adverse reactions, and can be used safely and effectively for outpatient pediatrics.

Published in	Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12
Page(s)	51-53
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chloral Hydrate, Sedation, Pediatrics

References

[1]	Delgado J, Toro R, Rascovsky S, et al. Chloral hydrate in pediatric magnetic resonance imaging: evaluation of a 10-year sedation experience administered by radiologists. Pediatr Radiol. 2015; 45 (1): 108-114.
[2]	Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Eldevik OP, et al. Sedation and general anaesthesia in children undergoing MRI and CT: adverse events and outcomes. Br J Anaesth. 2000; 84 (6): 743-748.
[3]	Ratnapalan S. Chloral hydrate sedation in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2014; 53 (10): 933-936.
[4]	Treluyer JM, Andre C, Carp PF, et al. Sedation in children undergoing CT scan or MRI: effect of time-course and tolerance of rectal chloral hydrate. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2004; 18 (3): 347-350.
[5]	Heistein LC, Ramaciotti C, Scott WA, Coursey M, Sheeran PW, Lemler MS. Chloral hydrate sedation for pediatric echocardiography: physiologic responses, adverse events, and risk factors. Pediatrics. 2006; 117 (3): e434-e441.
[6]	Chen Z, Lin M, Huang Z, et al. Efficacy of chloral hydrate oral solution for sedation in pediatrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019; 13: 2643-2653.
[7]	Joo EY, Kim YJ, Park YS, et al. Intramuscular dexmedetomidine and oral chloral hydrate for pediatric sedation for electroencephalography: A propensity score-matched analysis. Paediatr Anaesth. 2020; 30 (5): 584-591.
[8]	Cheng X, Chen Z, Zhang L, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Midazolam Oral Solution for Sedative Hypnosis and Anti-anxiety in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11: 225.
[9]	Yuen VMY, Cheuk DKL, Hui TWC, Wong ICK, Lam WWM, Irwin MG. Oral chloral hydrate versus intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation of children undergoing computed tomography: a multicentre study. Hong Kong Med J. 2019; 25 Suppl 3 (1): 27-29.
[10]	2018 surveillance of sedation in under 19s: using sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (NICE guideline CG112). London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK); 2018.
[11]	Mace SE, Brown LA, Francis L, et al. CIinical policy: critical issues in the sedation of pediatric patients in the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 2008; 34 (3): e33-e107.
[12]	S. K. West, B. Griffiths, Y. Shariff, et al. Utilisation of an outpatient sedation unit in paediatric ophthalmology: safety and effectiveness of chloral hydrate in 1509 sedation episodes. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2013; 97 (11) 1437-1442.
[13]	Necula V, Stamate MC, Blebea C, Cozma S. Safety and effectiveness of chloral hydrate in outpatient paediatric sedation for objective hearing tests. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019; 126: 109605.
[14]	Karaoui M, Varadaraj V, Munoz B, et al. Chloral Hydrate Administered by a Dedicated Sedation Service Can Be Used Safely and Effectively for Pediatric Ophthalmic Examination. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018; 192: 39-46.
[15]	Finnemore A, Toulmin H, Merchant N, et al. Chloral hydrate sedation for magnetic resonance imaging in newborn infants. Paediatr Anaesth. 2014; 24 (2): 190-195.
[16]	Allegaert K, Daniels H, Naulaers G, et al. Pharmacodynamics of chloral hydrate in former preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr. 2005; 164 (7): 403-407.
[17]	Litman RS, Soin K, Salam A. Chloral hydrate sedation in term and preterm infants: an analysis of efficacy and complications. Anesth Analg. 2010; 110 (3): 739-746.
[18]	Cozzi G, Norbedo S, Barbi E. Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for Procedural Sedation in Children, a Suitable Alternative to Chloral Hydrate. Paediatr Drugs. 2017; 19 (2): 107-111.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ruijuan Qiu, Guohua Huang. (2020). Safety and Efficacy of Chloral Hydrate in Outpatient Pediatrics for Sedation. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(3), 51-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ruijuan Qiu; Guohua Huang. Safety and Efficacy of Chloral Hydrate in Outpatient Pediatrics for Sedation. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(3), 51-53. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ruijuan Qiu, Guohua Huang. Safety and Efficacy of Chloral Hydrate in Outpatient Pediatrics for Sedation. Sci J Clin Med. 2020;9(3):51-53. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12,
  author = {Ruijuan Qiu and Guohua Huang},
  title = {Safety and Efficacy of Chloral Hydrate in Outpatient Pediatrics for Sedation},
  journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {51-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20200903.12},
  abstract = {Objective: Sedation is frequently applied in children who need to undergo a diagnosis or treatment procedure. We aim to investigate the safety and efficacy of retention enema with chloral hydrate for the sedation of outpatient children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed outpatient pediatric patients from March 1, 2020 to July 6, 2020, who were given an initial dose of chloral hydrate rectally for needed sedation. Patient demographics, sedation dose, onset action time, action duration time, adverse reactions were recorded. Results: In this study, totally fifty- four pediatric patients (36 males, 18 females; median [range] age, 3 [1-5] years) were sedated with chloral hydrate (median [range] dose, 70 [30-130] mg/kg). The median weight was 15 (10-21) kg, and 48 (88.9%) children was success to sedate and finished the designated examinations. Five cases (9.3%) awoke quickly and one child (1.9%) failure to fall asleep, which required rescheduling of sedation. The median action duration time of sedation was 3 (1-8) hours, and all children recovered normally post-sedation. Only 2 cases (3.7%) showed minor adverse reaction, presented as prolonged sleep. Conclusion: When strictly following the process, retention enema with chloral hydrate in pediatric patients for sedation in this study demonstrated a relatively high success rate and low risk of adverse reactions, and can be used safely and effectively for outpatient pediatrics.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Safety and Efficacy of Chloral Hydrate in Outpatient Pediatrics for Sedation
AU - Ruijuan Qiu
AU - Guohua Huang
Y1 - 2020/08/05
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12
DO - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12
T2 - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JO - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
SP - 51
EP - 53
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2327-2732
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12
AB - Objective: Sedation is frequently applied in children who need to undergo a diagnosis or treatment procedure. We aim to investigate the safety and efficacy of retention enema with chloral hydrate for the sedation of outpatient children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed outpatient pediatric patients from March 1, 2020 to July 6, 2020, who were given an initial dose of chloral hydrate rectally for needed sedation. Patient demographics, sedation dose, onset action time, action duration time, adverse reactions were recorded. Results: In this study, totally fifty- four pediatric patients (36 males, 18 females; median [range] age, 3 [1-5] years) were sedated with chloral hydrate (median [range] dose, 70 [30-130] mg/kg). The median weight was 15 (10-21) kg, and 48 (88.9%) children was success to sedate and finished the designated examinations. Five cases (9.3%) awoke quickly and one child (1.9%) failure to fall asleep, which required rescheduling of sedation. The median action duration time of sedation was 3 (1-8) hours, and all children recovered normally post-sedation. Only 2 cases (3.7%) showed minor adverse reaction, presented as prolonged sleep. Conclusion: When strictly following the process, retention enema with chloral hydrate in pediatric patients for sedation in this study demonstrated a relatively high success rate and low risk of adverse reactions, and can be used safely and effectively for outpatient pediatrics.
VL - 9
IS - 3
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Ruijuan Qiu

Central Injection Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Guohua Huang

Central Injection Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ruijuan Qiu, Guohua Huang. (2020). Safety and Efficacy of Chloral Hydrate in Outpatient Pediatrics for Sedation. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(3), 51-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ruijuan Qiu; Guohua Huang. Safety and Efficacy of Chloral Hydrate in Outpatient Pediatrics for Sedation. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(3), 51-53. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ruijuan Qiu, Guohua Huang. Safety and Efficacy of Chloral Hydrate in Outpatient Pediatrics for Sedation. Sci J Clin Med. 2020;9(3):51-53. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12,
  author = {Ruijuan Qiu and Guohua Huang},
  title = {Safety and Efficacy of Chloral Hydrate in Outpatient Pediatrics for Sedation},
  journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {51-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20200903.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20200903.12},
  abstract = {Objective: Sedation is frequently applied in children who need to undergo a diagnosis or treatment procedure. We aim to investigate the safety and efficacy of retention enema with chloral hydrate for the sedation of outpatient children. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed outpatient pediatric patients from March 1, 2020 to July 6, 2020, who were given an initial dose of chloral hydrate rectally for needed sedation. Patient demographics, sedation dose, onset action time, action duration time, adverse reactions were recorded. Results: In this study, totally fifty- four pediatric patients (36 males, 18 females; median [range] age, 3 [1-5] years) were sedated with chloral hydrate (median [range] dose, 70 [30-130] mg/kg). The median weight was 15 (10-21) kg, and 48 (88.9%) children was success to sedate and finished the designated examinations. Five cases (9.3%) awoke quickly and one child (1.9%) failure to fall asleep, which required rescheduling of sedation. The median action duration time of sedation was 3 (1-8) hours, and all children recovered normally post-sedation. Only 2 cases (3.7%) showed minor adverse reaction, presented as prolonged sleep. Conclusion: When strictly following the process, retention enema with chloral hydrate in pediatric patients for sedation in this study demonstrated a relatively high success rate and low risk of adverse reactions, and can be used safely and effectively for outpatient pediatrics.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download