| Peer-Reviewed

Assessment Methods of Angiogenesis and Present Approaches for Its Quantification

Received: 7 May 2014    Accepted: 3 June 2014    Published: 30 June 2014
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Angiogenesis is the extension of blood vessels from the prevailing vessels. It is an essential process in the formation and development of blood vessels, so it is supportive in healing of wound while its inhibition may help to restrict the size of tumor. To quantify the effect of an agent on angiogenesis, a standardized preclinical screening assay is necessary. The objective of this review is to document all the methods of angiogenesis assessment and specific techniques to quantify the results, majorly focusing on the modes of calculation and concerns that researchers need to make before reaching to any conclusion. Scientific research on angiogenesis relies on different models for assessment, including in vitro, in vivo and in ovo models. Many of these assays are practiced to test the effect of both pro and anti angiogenic agents. The findings articulated in this study will help to provide better visions into the pathophysiology of diseases associated with angiogenesis and to establish new as well as appropriate angiogenic or anti angiogenic treatment strategies for the future. Nevertheless, angiogenesis is a vigorous process and the techniques to evaluate this process with thorough assessment of physiological characteristics of new blood vessels will be advantageous over the older systems of angiogenesis assessment methods.

Published in Cancer Research Journal (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12
Page(s) 47-62
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Angiogenesis, Angiogenesis Assays, Anti-Angiogenic, Quantification Techniques, In vitro, In vivo, Inovo, Treatment Strategies, Blood Vessels, Healing, Non-Invasive

References
[1] Eliseenko, V.I; O.K. Skobelkin, V.M. Chegin and M.K. Degtyarev (1998). Microcirculation and angiogenesis during wound healing by first and second intention. Bull Exp Bio Med, 105: 289-292.
[2] Manegold, C(2008). Bevacizumab or the treatment of advanced non small cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 12(7): 689-693.
[3] Benjamin, L. E., Goli-janin, D., Itin, A., Pode, D., & Keshet, E. (1999). Selective ablation of immature blood vessels in established human tumors follows vascular endothelial growth factor withdrawal. Journal of Clinical Investigation,103(2), 159-165.
[4] Folkman, J and M. Klagsbrun (1987). Angiogenic factors. Science 235 (4787): 442–7.
[5] Folkman, J (1971). Anti angi-ogenesis: New concept for therapy of tumor: Ann Surg., 175: 409-416.
[6] Folkman, J (2001). A new family of mediators of tumor angiogenesis: Cancer Invest., 19: 754-755.
[7] Wagoner, L.E; W. Merrill, J. Jacobs, G. Conway, J. Boehmer, K. Thomas and T.J. Stegmann (2007). An-giogenesis Protein Therapy With Human Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF-1): Results Of A Phase I Open Label, Dose Escalation Study In Subjects With CAD Not Eligible For PCI Or CABG. Circulation 116: 443.
[8] Fidler, I. J (2003). The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis revisited (Timeline). Nat. Rev. Cancer3:3453-3458.
[9] Hunter, J (1794). A treatise on the blood, inflammation and gunshot wounds. Palmer JF (Ed). P. 195.
[10] John, S. P (2008). Retinal and Choroidal angiogenesis. Sprin-ger.Pp.119-isbn 9781402067792. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
[11] Greenblatt, M and P. Shubik (1968). “Tumor angiogenesis: trans filter diffusion studies by the transparent chamber technique”, j. natl cancer inst. 41: 111-124.
[12] Marc, C and Chamberlain (2011). Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma. Clin Med Insights Oncol. 2011; 5: 117–129.
[13] Burri, P. H., & Djonov, V. (2002). Intussusceptive angiogenesis the alternative to capillary sprouting. Molecular aspects of medicine, 23(6), 1-27.
[14] Jain, R. K (2003) Nature Med., 9, 685-693.
[15] Gerber, H. P; V. Dixit and N. Ferrara (1998) J. Biol. Chem., 273, 13313-13316.
[16] Chong, C.R; J. Xu, J, Lu, S. Bhat, D.J. Sullivan and J.O. Liu (2007). “Inhibition of Angi-ogenesis by the Antifungal Drug Itraconazole”. ACS Chemical Biology 2 (4): 263–70.
[17] Adriana, A; T. Francesca, B. Roberto and M.N. Douglas, 2005.Tumor Inflammatory Angioge-nesis and Its Chemoprevention. Cancer Research, 65:10637-10641.
[18] Hass, T.L and J.A. Madri, 1999. Extracellular matrix-driven matrix metalloproteinase production in endothelial cells: implications for angiogenesis.Trendscardiovasc. Med, 9: 70-77.
[19] Clark, R.F.A (1996). Overview of Wound Repair, in The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Wound Repair, R. A. F. Clark (editor), Plenum, second edition.
[20] Madri, J.A; S. Sankarand A. M. Romanic (1996). Angiogenesis, in The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Wound Repair, R. A. F. Clark (editor), Plenum, second edition.
[21] Bonnet, C. S., & Walsh, D. A. (2005). Osteoarthritis, angiogenesis and inflammation. Rheumatology, 44(1), 7-16.
[22] Stegmann, T. J. (1998). FGF-1: a human growth factor in the induction of neoangiogenesis. Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 7(12), 2011-2015.
[23] Tímár, J., Döme, B., Fazekas, K., Janovics, Á., & Paku, S. (2001). Angiogenesis-dependent diseases and angiogenesis therapy. Pathology Oncology Research, 7(2), 85-94.
[24] Folkman, J (1995). Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nat Med.1:27–31.
[25] Couffinhal, T., Silver, M., Zheng, L. P., Kearney, M., Witzenbichler, B., &Isner, J. M. (1998). Mouse model of angiogenesis. The American journal of pathology,152(6), 1667.
[26] Elice, F and Rodeghiero F (2012). Side effects of anti-angiogenic drugs.129 Suppl 1:S50-3, 3848(12)70016-6.
[27] Auerbach, J. G., Yirmiya, N., & Kamel, F. N. (1996). Behavior problems in Israeli Jewish and Palestinian preschool children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25(4), 398-405.
[28] Pantely, G.A and J.M. Porter (2000). Therapeutic angiogenesis: Time for the next phase. J Am CollCardiol; 36:1245–7.
[29] Célérier, J; A. Cruz, N. Lamandé, J.M. Gasc and P. Corvol (2002). Angiotensinogen and its cleaved derivatives inhibit angiogenesis. Hypertension 39(2):224-8.
[30] Rieder, M.J; O.D.M. Drobinak and A.S Greene (1995).A computerized method for determination of microvascular density. Microvasc Res 49:180-9.
[31] Strick, D.M; R.L. Waycaster, J.P. Montani, W.J. Gay and T.H. Adair (1991). Morphometric measurements of chorioallantoic membrane vascularity: effects of hypoxia and hyperoxia. Am J Physiol 260(4):1385-9.
[32] Parsons-Wingerter, P;K.E. Elliot, A.G. Farr, K. Radhakrihnan, J.I. Clark and E.H. Sage (2000). General analysis reveals that TGF-.1 inhibits the rate of angiogenesis in vivo by selective decrease in the number of vessels. Microvasc Res 59:221-32.
[33] Kurz, H; J. Wilting, K. Sandau and B. Christ B (1998). Automated evaluation of angiogenic effects mediated by VEGF and PIGF homo and heteropolimers. Microvasc Res55:92-102.
[34] Jakob, W and K. Voss (1984). Utilisation of images analysis for the quantification of vascular responses in the chick chorioallatoic membrane. Exp Path 26:23-99.
[35] Dimitropoulou, C;W. Malkusch, E. Fait, M.E. Maragoudakis, M.A. Konerding (1998). The vascular architecture of the chick chorioallantoic membrane: sequential quantitative evaluation using corrosion casting. Angiogenesis 2:255-63.
[36] Christ, P.C; C.M. Jacques morel, M. Asifamin, C.A. Matthew, H.A. Lisa and K.E. Alisa (2001). Evidence of IL-18 as a novel angiogenesis mediator. The Journal of Immunology, 167, 1644-1653.
[37] Patan, S (2004). Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Cancer Treat Res;117:3–32.
[38] Algire, G.H (1943). An adaptation of the transparent chamber technique to the mouse. J Natl Cancer Inst; 4:1-11.
[39] Fox, S.B (2001). Microscopic assessment of angiogenesis in tumors. Murray JC eds. Angiogenesis protocols: 29-46 Humana Press Totowa, NJ.
[40] Padhani, A.R and M. Neeman (2001). Challenges for imaging angiogenesis. Br J Radiol;74:886-890.
[41] Dellian, M; B.P. Witwer, H. A. Salehi, F. Yuan and R.K. Jain (1996). Quantitation and physiological characterization of angiogenic vessels in mice: effect of basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, and host microenvironment. Am. J. Pathol. 149, 59–72.
[42] Rajani, M;G.K. Suresh, S. Neeta, M. Sandeep, K. Vinoth and T. Velpandian (2006). Evaluation of the effect of with aniasomnifera root extracts on cell cycle and angiogenesis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 105, 336-341.
[43] Wang, D., Carretero, O. A., Yang, X. Y., Rhaleb, N. E., Liu, Y. H., Liao, T. D., & Yang, X. P. (2004). N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline stimulates angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 287(5), H2099-H2105.
[44] Plunkett, M.L and J.A. Hailey (1990). An in vivo quantitative angiogenesis model using tumor cells entrapped in alginate. Lab. Invest. 62, 510–517.
[45] Passaniti, A; R.M. Taylor, R. Pili, Y. Guo, P.V. Long, J.A. Haney,. (1982). A simple, quantitative method for as-sessing angiogenesis and antiangiogenic agents using reconstituted basement membrane, heparin and fibroblast growth factor. Lab Invest;67:519-528.
[46] Keyong, H.L; R.C. Hye, and H.K. Chang (2006). Antiangiogenic effect of the seed extract of benincasa hispida cogniaux. Journal of Ethnopharmacology: 97, 509-513.
[47] Gimbrone, M. A., Cotran, R. S., & Folkman, J. (1974). Human vascular endothelial cells in culture growth and DNA synthesis. The Journal of Cell Biology, 60(3), 673-684.
[48] Muthukkaruppan, V.R;B.L. Shinners, R. Lewis, S.J. Park, B.J. Baechler BJ and R. Auerbach (2000). The chick embryo aortic arch assay: a new, rapid, quantifiable in vitro method for testing the efficacy of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in a three-dimensional, serum-free organ culture system.Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res.41:65.
[49] Presta, M; M. Rusnati, M. Belleri, L. Morbidelli, M. Ziche and D. Ribatti (1999). Purine analogue 6-methyl mercaptopurine riboside inhibits early and late phases of the angiogenic process. Cancer Res.59, 2417–2424.
[50] Barbel, K.M; V.E. Emile, C.C. Catherine, F. Evelyn, J. Folkman and A.D. Robert (2006). A model of angiogenesis in the mouse cornea. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 37, 1625-1632.
[51] Todaro, G. J; G. K. Lazar and H. Green (1965). The initiation of cell division in a contact-inhibited mammalian cell line. J. Cell Physiol. 66, 325–333.
[52] Semba, T., Funahashi, Y., Ono, N., Yamamoto, Y., Sugi, N. H., Asada, M., ... & Wakabayashi, T. (2004). An Angiogenesis Inhibitor E7820 Shows Broad-Spectrum Tumor Growth Inhibition in a Xenograft Model Possible Value of Integrin α2 on Platelets as a Biological Marker. Clinical cancer research, 10(4), 1430-1438.
[53] Algire, G.H and H.W Chalkley (1945). Vascular reactions of the normal and malignant tissues in vi-vo.1.Vascular reactions of mice to wounds and to normal and neoplastic transplants. J Natl Cancer Inst USA; 6: 73–75.
[54] Selye, H (1953). On the mechanism through which hydrocortisone affects the resistance of tissues to injury; An experimental study with the granuloma pouch technique. J Am Med Assoc; 152 (13): 1207–13.
[55] Yamakawa, S; T. Asai, T. Uchida, M. Matsukawa, T. Akizawa, N. Oku (2004).Epigallocatechingallate inhibits membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase, MT1-MMP, and tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Lett.210:47–55.
[56] Rubinstein A.L. (2003). Zebrafish: from disease modelling to drug discovery.Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel.6, 218–223.
[57] Childs, S; J.N. Chen, D.M. Garrity and M.C. Fishman (2002). Patterning of angiogenesis in the zebrafish embryo development129, 973–982.
[58] Isogai, S; M. Horiguchi and B.M. Weinstein (2001). The vascular anatomy of the developing zebrafish: an atlas of embryonic and early larval development. Dev. Biol.230, 278–301.
[59] Lawson, N.D and B.M. Weinstein (2002). In vivo imaging of embryonic vascular development using transgenic zebrafish. Dev. Biol.248, 307–318.
[60] Limbourg, A; T. Korff, L.C. Napp, W. Schaper, H. Drexler, F.P. Limbourg (2009). Evaluation of postnatal arteri-ogenesis and angiogenesis in a mouse model of hind-limb ische-mia.;4(12):1737-46
[61] James, H.C; B.P. Elizabeth, G.D. Joan, H.A. Halea, G.B. David, R.T. Irene and C.J. Jacquelyn (2001). Revascularization in the rabbit hind limb:dissociation between capillary sprouting and arteriogenesis. Cardiovascular Research, 49, 618-625.
[62] Takeshita, S; S.T. Rossow, M. Kearney M. (1995) Time course of increased cellular proliferation in collateral arteries after administration of vascular endothelial growth factor in the rabbit model of lower limb insufficiency. Am J Pathol;147:1649–1660.
[63] Abeler, V. M., Royne, O., Tho-resen, S., Danielsen, H. E., Nesland, J. M., & Kristensen, G. B. (2009). Uterine sarcomas in Norway. A histopathological and prognostic survey of a total population from 1970 to 2000 including 419 patients.Histopathology, 54(3), 355-364.
[64] Naganawa, S., Sato, C., Kumada, H., Ishigaki, T., Miura, S., & Takizawa, O. (2005). Apparent diffusion coefficient in cervical cancer of the uterus: comparison with the normal uterine cervix. European radiology, 15(1), 71-78.
[65] Cheon, D. J., & Orsulic, S. (2011). Mouse models of cancer. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, 6, 95-119.
[66] Livingston, D. M. (2005). Functional analysis of the BRCA1 gene product (s) and their associated proteins. Onkologie, 28(2), 1-68.
[67] Ellegala, D. B., Leong-Poi, H., Carpenter, J. E., Klibanov, A. L., Kaul, S., Shaffrey, M. E.,.. & Lindner, J. R. (2003). Imaging tumor angiogenesis with contrast ultrasound and microbubbles targeted to αvβ3. Circulation, 108(3), 336-341.
[68] Emoto, M. (2014). Development of a Cancer Treatment with the Concomitant Use of Low-Intensity Ultrasound: Entering the Age of Simultaneous Diagnosis and Treatment. Di-agnostics, 4(2), 47-56.
[69] Sharkey, A.M;K. Day, A. McPherson, S. Malik, D. Licence, S. K. Smith, and D. S. Char-nock-Jones. (2000). Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human endometrium is regulated by hypoxia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab;85:402– 9.
[70] Jaffe, E.A; R.L. Nachman, C.G. Becker, C.R. Minick (1973). Culture of human endothelial cells derived from umbilical veins. Identification by morphologic and immunologic criteria. J. Clin. Invest. 52:2745–2756.
[71] Jackson, C.J and M. Nguyen (1997) Human microvascular endothelial cells differ from macrovascular endothelial cells in their expression of matrix metallo-proteinases. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 29, 1167–1177.
[72] Myung, J.P; J.K. Hee, C.L. Hyung, H.Y. Doo, P. Inchul, K. Misuk, H.L. Seung, Chang, H.R and I.H. Seok (2007). Nerve growth factor induces endothelial cell invasion and cord formation by promoting matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ Akt signaling pathway and AP-2 transcription factor. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282, 30485-30496.
[73] Suya, Y; X. Xiaohua, Z. Constance, I. Gladys, F. Germaine, L. Bing, M. Barbara, M.D.V. Abraham and E. Marygerritsen (2001). Vascular endothelial cell growth factor driven endothelial tube formation is mediated by vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor-2, a kinase insert domain containing receptor. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 21, 1934-1940.
[74] Grant, D.S; M.C. Kibbey, J.L. Kinsella, M.C. Cid, H.K. Kleinman (1994). The role of basement membrane in angi-ogenesis and tumor growth. Pathol Res Pract; 190:854 – 63.
[75] Obeso, J; J. Weber, R. Auerbach (1990). A hemangio-endothelioma derived cell line: its use as a model for the study of endothelial cell biology. Lab In-vest ;63:259-269.
[76] Schor, A.M;I. Ellis and S.L. Schor (2001).Chemotaxis and chemokinesis in 3D macromolecular ma-trices.In: Murray JC, ed. Angiogenesis protocols. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 163–204.
[77] Mina, S and C. Sayeon (2009). Angiopoietin-like 3(ANGPTL3) stimulates human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation and vascular endothelial growth factor production. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society; 30(3), 707-709.
[78] Jeong, E.H;O.L. Eun, S.K. Min, S.K. Kyung, H.K. Cheol, C.C. Bae, J.S. Young and H.K. Sung (2005).Penta-O-gallol-beta-D-glucose suppresses tumor growth via inhibition of angiogenesis and stimulation of apoptosis: role of Cyclooxygenase-2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Carcinogenesis, 26(8), 1436-1445.
[79] Wei, L; C. Yukio, K. Tetsuya, M. Kouichi, U. Takahiko, I. Akio and M. Ryusuke (2001). Trans-myocardial laser revascularization induced angiogenesis correlated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinase’s and platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor. European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, 19, 156-163.
[80] Catterall, J.B and T.E. Cawston (2003).Assays of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and MMP inhibitors: bioassays and immunoassays applicable to cell culture medium, serum, and synovial fluid. Methods MolBiol; 225:353-64.
[81] Chaddarling, E; J. Rong, M. Michelle, W. Peter, J. Jakobvinten and P. Karin (2005). Post conditioning via stuttering reperfusion limits myocardial infarct size in rabbit heart: role of ERK 1/2. American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 289, H1618-H1626.
[82] Nicosia, R. F., & Ottinetti, A. (1990). Growth of microvessels in serum-free matrix culture of rat aorta.A quantitative assay of angiogenesis in vitro.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology, 63(1), 115-122.
[83] Plendl, J., Cilligan, B. J., Wang, S. J., Lewis, R., Shinners, B., Vandenbroeck, K., & Auerbach, R. (2002). Primitive endothelial cell lines from the porcine embryonic yolk sac. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Animal, 38(6), 334-342.
[84] Auerbach, R., Lewis, R., Shinners, B., Kubai, L., & Akhtar, N. (2003). Angiogenesis assays: a critical overview. Clinical chemistry, 49(1), 32-40.
[85] Khan, G. J., Omer, M. O., Ashraf, M., Rehman, H. U., & Khan, Z. U. D. (2013). Effect of Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruit extract on angiogenesis. J App Pharm, 04(02), 764-780.
[86] Ribbati, D; C. Urbinati, B. Nico, M. Rusnati, L. Roncali and M. Presta, 1995. Endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor is implicated in the vascularization of the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Dev. Biol, 170(1): 39-49.
[87] Ejaz, S; K.B. Seok and L.C. Woong, 2004. A novel image probing system for precise quantification of angi-ogenesis. Tumori, 90: 611-617.
[88] Colangelo,A.M; M.R. Bianco, L. Vitagliano, C. Cavaliere, G. Cirillo, L.D.E. Gioia, D. Diana, D. Colombo, C. Redaelli, L. Zaccaro, G. MorellI, M. Papa, P. Sarmientos, L. Alberghina and E. Martegani (2008). A new nerve growth factor-mimetic peptide active on neuropathic pain in rats. J Neurosci, 28, 2698-709.
[89] Adair, T.H;E.J. Gay and J.P. Montani (1990). Growth regulation of the vascular system: evidence for a metabolic hypothesis. Am J Physiol, 259, R393-404.
[90] Poelmann, R.E;D.E. Gittenberger,A.C. Groot, M.M. Mentink, R. Bokenkamp, and B. Hogers (1993). Development of the cardiac coronary vascular endothelium, studied with antiendothelial antibodies, in chicken-quail chimeras. Circ Res, 73, 559-68.
[91] Higgins, D and A.J. Pappano (1981). Development of transmitter secretory mechanisms by adrenergic neurons in the embryonic chick heart ventricle. Dev Biol, 87, 148-62.
[92] Altimiras, J and D.A. Crossley (2000). Control of blood pressure mediated by baroreflex changes of heart rate in the chicken embryo (Gallus gallus). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 278, R980-6.
[93] Jorgensen, J.F; C.P. Jensen and J. Garnaes (1998). Lateral metrology using scanning probe microscopes, 2D pitch standards and image processing. Appl Phys, 66: 847-852.
[94] Garnaes, J; P.E. Hansen, N. Agersnap, J. Holm, F. Borsetto and A. Kuhle, 2006. Profiles of a high-aspect- ratio grating determined by spectroscopic and atomic force microscopy.Appl. Opt, 45: 3201-3212.
[95] Kilpadi, D.V and J.E. Lemons, 1994. Surface energy characterization of unalloyed titanium implants. J. Biomed Mater Res, 28 (Suppl 12): 1419-1425.
[96] Vinoth Prabhu, V., Chidambaranathan, N., & Gopal, V. (2012). Evaluation and Quantification of Angiogenesis Activity of Terminalia Bellirica Roxb, by Mice Sponge Implantation Method. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 4(1), 22-27.
[97] Chia, J. S., Du, J. L., Hsu, W. B., Sun, A., Chiang, C. P., & Wang, W. B. (2010). Inhibition of metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumor growth by Chinese herbal cocktail Tien-Hsien Liquid. BMC cancer, 10(1), 175.
[98] Auerbach, R., Lewis, R., Shinners, B., Kubai, L., &Akhtar, N. (2003). Angiogenesis assays: a critical overview. Clinical chemistry, 49(1), 32-40.
[99] Lin, X., Li, W., Lai, J., Okazaki, M., Sugimoto, S., Yamamoto, S., ...& Krupnick, A. S. (2012). Five-year update on the mouse model of orthotopic lung transplantation: Scientific uses, tricks of the trade, and tips for success. Journal of thoracic disease, 4(3), 247.
[100] Reinisch, A., Hofmann, N. A., Obenauf, A. C., Kashofer, K., Rohde, E., Schallmoser, K., ... & Strunk, D. (2009). Humanized large-scale expanded endothelial colony–forming cells function in vitro and in vivo. Blood, 113(26), 6716-6725.
[101] Kumar, P., Benedict, R., Urzua, F., Fischbach, C., Mooney, D., & Polverini, P. (2005). Combination treatment significantly enhances the efficacy of antitumor therapy by preferentially targeting angiogenesis. Laboratory investigation, 85(6), 756-767.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ghulam Jilany Khan, Lubna Shakir, Sara Khan, H. Sadaf Naeem, Muhammad Ovais Omer. (2014). Assessment Methods of Angiogenesis and Present Approaches for Its Quantification. Cancer Research Journal, 2(3), 47-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Ghulam Jilany Khan; Lubna Shakir; Sara Khan; H. Sadaf Naeem; Muhammad Ovais Omer. Assessment Methods of Angiogenesis and Present Approaches for Its Quantification. Cancer Res. J. 2014, 2(3), 47-62. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Ghulam Jilany Khan, Lubna Shakir, Sara Khan, H. Sadaf Naeem, Muhammad Ovais Omer. Assessment Methods of Angiogenesis and Present Approaches for Its Quantification. Cancer Res J. 2014;2(3):47-62. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12,
      author = {Ghulam Jilany Khan and Lubna Shakir and Sara Khan and H. Sadaf Naeem and Muhammad Ovais Omer},
      title = {Assessment Methods of Angiogenesis and Present Approaches for Its Quantification},
      journal = {Cancer Research Journal},
      volume = {2},
      number = {3},
      pages = {47-62},
      doi = {10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.crj.20140203.12},
      abstract = {Angiogenesis is the extension of blood vessels from the prevailing vessels. It is an essential process in the formation and development of blood vessels, so it is supportive in healing of wound while its inhibition may help to restrict the size of tumor. To quantify the effect of an agent on angiogenesis, a standardized preclinical screening assay is necessary. The objective of this review is to document all the methods of angiogenesis assessment and specific techniques to quantify the results, majorly focusing on the modes of calculation and concerns that researchers need to make before reaching to any conclusion. Scientific research on angiogenesis relies on different models for assessment, including in vitro, in vivo and in ovo models. Many of these assays are practiced to test the effect of both pro and anti angiogenic agents. The findings articulated in this study will help to provide better visions into the pathophysiology of diseases associated with angiogenesis and to establish new as well as appropriate angiogenic or anti angiogenic treatment strategies for the future. Nevertheless, angiogenesis is a vigorous process and the techniques to evaluate this process with thorough assessment of physiological characteristics of new blood vessels will be advantageous over the older systems of angiogenesis assessment methods.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Assessment Methods of Angiogenesis and Present Approaches for Its Quantification
    AU  - Ghulam Jilany Khan
    AU  - Lubna Shakir
    AU  - Sara Khan
    AU  - H. Sadaf Naeem
    AU  - Muhammad Ovais Omer
    Y1  - 2014/06/30
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12
    T2  - Cancer Research Journal
    JF  - Cancer Research Journal
    JO  - Cancer Research Journal
    SP  - 47
    EP  - 62
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8214
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12
    AB  - Angiogenesis is the extension of blood vessels from the prevailing vessels. It is an essential process in the formation and development of blood vessels, so it is supportive in healing of wound while its inhibition may help to restrict the size of tumor. To quantify the effect of an agent on angiogenesis, a standardized preclinical screening assay is necessary. The objective of this review is to document all the methods of angiogenesis assessment and specific techniques to quantify the results, majorly focusing on the modes of calculation and concerns that researchers need to make before reaching to any conclusion. Scientific research on angiogenesis relies on different models for assessment, including in vitro, in vivo and in ovo models. Many of these assays are practiced to test the effect of both pro and anti angiogenic agents. The findings articulated in this study will help to provide better visions into the pathophysiology of diseases associated with angiogenesis and to establish new as well as appropriate angiogenic or anti angiogenic treatment strategies for the future. Nevertheless, angiogenesis is a vigorous process and the techniques to evaluate this process with thorough assessment of physiological characteristics of new blood vessels will be advantageous over the older systems of angiogenesis assessment methods.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Community Pharmacy Section, New Mehmood Pharmacy, Lahore, Pakistan; Scientific Research And Marketing Associates, (SRAMA. Pk) Pakistan

  • Faculty of Pharmacy, Hajvery University, Lahore, Pakistan

  • University college of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Pharmacoeconomics section, New Mehmood Pharmacy, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Sections