Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in the world. The triple-negative breast cancer subtype is associated with poorer prognosis than hormone receptor-positive subtypes and is more prevalent among African Americans than white, European Americans. The goal of this study has been to elucidate environmental, hormonal, and cultural factors that may be contributing to this disparity in an effort to identify modifiable risk factors and improve triple-negative breast cancer outcomes. Factors that may impact risk include vitamin D defiency, hormonal factors, environmental and dietary exposure, radiation exposure, and obesity. These factors may disproportionately affect African American women as a result of socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and cultural norms. Furthermore, disparities in prognosis may be compounded by barriers such as access to healthcare, prevention education, and perceptions of healthcare. Both biological and sociocultural factors impacting risk must be addressed in order for future prevention and treatment efforts to succeed.
| Published in | Cancer Research Journal (Volume 2, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12 |
| Page(s) | 18-28 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Health Disparity, Triple-negative Breast Cancer, Cultural Factors, Environmental Factors
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APA Style
Mackenzie Whitesell, Sarah Al-Najar, Gillian Bowser, Mark A. Brown. (2014). Cultural and Environmental Factors of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas. Cancer Research Journal, 2(2), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12
ACS Style
Mackenzie Whitesell; Sarah Al-Najar; Gillian Bowser; Mark A. Brown. Cultural and Environmental Factors of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas. Cancer Res. J. 2014, 2(2), 18-28. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12
AMA Style
Mackenzie Whitesell, Sarah Al-Najar, Gillian Bowser, Mark A. Brown. Cultural and Environmental Factors of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas. Cancer Res J. 2014;2(2):18-28. doi: 10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12,
author = {Mackenzie Whitesell and Sarah Al-Najar and Gillian Bowser and Mark A. Brown},
title = {Cultural and Environmental Factors of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas},
journal = {Cancer Research Journal},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {18-28},
doi = {10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.crj.20140202.12},
abstract = {Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in the world. The triple-negative breast cancer subtype is associated with poorer prognosis than hormone receptor-positive subtypes and is more prevalent among African Americans than white, European Americans. The goal of this study has been to elucidate environmental, hormonal, and cultural factors that may be contributing to this disparity in an effort to identify modifiable risk factors and improve triple-negative breast cancer outcomes. Factors that may impact risk include vitamin D defiency, hormonal factors, environmental and dietary exposure, radiation exposure, and obesity. These factors may disproportionately affect African American women as a result of socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and cultural norms. Furthermore, disparities in prognosis may be compounded by barriers such as access to healthcare, prevention education, and perceptions of healthcare. Both biological and sociocultural factors impacting risk must be addressed in order for future prevention and treatment efforts to succeed.},
year = {2014}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Cultural and Environmental Factors of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas AU - Mackenzie Whitesell AU - Sarah Al-Najar AU - Gillian Bowser AU - Mark A. Brown Y1 - 2014/03/10 PY - 2014 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12 DO - 10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12 T2 - Cancer Research Journal JF - Cancer Research Journal JO - Cancer Research Journal SP - 18 EP - 28 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8214 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12 AB - Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in the world. The triple-negative breast cancer subtype is associated with poorer prognosis than hormone receptor-positive subtypes and is more prevalent among African Americans than white, European Americans. The goal of this study has been to elucidate environmental, hormonal, and cultural factors that may be contributing to this disparity in an effort to identify modifiable risk factors and improve triple-negative breast cancer outcomes. Factors that may impact risk include vitamin D defiency, hormonal factors, environmental and dietary exposure, radiation exposure, and obesity. These factors may disproportionately affect African American women as a result of socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and cultural norms. Furthermore, disparities in prognosis may be compounded by barriers such as access to healthcare, prevention education, and perceptions of healthcare. Both biological and sociocultural factors impacting risk must be addressed in order for future prevention and treatment efforts to succeed. VL - 2 IS - 2 ER -
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