American Journal of Sports Science

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Adequate Energy Intake Prevents Low Bone Mass Under Exercise and Low Intake of Nutrients in Young Female Rats

Received: 14 August 2019    Accepted: 09 September 2019    Published: 19 September 2019
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Abstract

We examined the effects of adequate energy intake on bone strength and bone mass under exercise and low nutrient intake using a rat model of the female athlete triad (FAT). Seven-week-old female rats were divided into four groups: sedentary and ad libitum feeding group (SED), exercise and ad libitum feeding group (EX), exercise and 30% food restriction group (EX-FR), and exercise, 30% food restriction and adequate energy intake group (EX-FR + Ene). Excise groups were performed a voluntary running. The EX-FR + Ene group was fed glucose ad-libitum to adequate energy intake. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. The energy availability, internal organ weight, bone size, bone strength, bone mass, and calcium absorption in the EX-FR group were significantly lower than those in the EX group. There were no significant differences in these parameters except bone strength in between the EX and EX-FR + Ene groups. The breaking energy in the EX-FR + Ene group was significantly lower than those in the EX group. Our results provide evidence that adequate energy intake is important for optimal bone growth in young female athletes.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajss.20190703.17
Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2019)
Page(s) 127-135
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Female Athlete Triad, Food Restriction, Energy Supplementation, Bone Strength, Running Exercise

References
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Author Information
  • Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Science of Living, Tsu City College, Tsu, Japan

  • Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women’s University, Higashi-Osaka, Japan

  • Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Business Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina-machi, Japan

  • Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Faculty of Sport Science, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan

  • Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

  • Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan

  • Department of food and nutrition, Japan Women’s University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan

  • Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Yuki Aikawa, Yuya Kakutani, Umon Agata, Satoshi Hattori, Hitomi Ogata, et al. (2019). Adequate Energy Intake Prevents Low Bone Mass Under Exercise and Low Intake of Nutrients in Young Female Rats. American Journal of Sports Science, 7(3), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20190703.17

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    ACS Style

    Yuki Aikawa; Yuya Kakutani; Umon Agata; Satoshi Hattori; Hitomi Ogata, et al. Adequate Energy Intake Prevents Low Bone Mass Under Exercise and Low Intake of Nutrients in Young Female Rats. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2019, 7(3), 127-135. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20190703.17

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    AMA Style

    Yuki Aikawa, Yuya Kakutani, Umon Agata, Satoshi Hattori, Hitomi Ogata, et al. Adequate Energy Intake Prevents Low Bone Mass Under Exercise and Low Intake of Nutrients in Young Female Rats. Am J Sports Sci. 2019;7(3):127-135. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20190703.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajss.20190703.17,
      author = {Yuki Aikawa and Yuya Kakutani and Umon Agata and Satoshi Hattori and Hitomi Ogata and Ken Kiyono and Ikuko Ezawa and Naomi Omi},
      title = {Adequate Energy Intake Prevents Low Bone Mass Under Exercise and Low Intake of Nutrients in Young Female Rats},
      journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
      volume = {7},
      number = {3},
      pages = {127-135},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20190703.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20190703.17},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20190703.17},
      abstract = {We examined the effects of adequate energy intake on bone strength and bone mass under exercise and low nutrient intake using a rat model of the female athlete triad (FAT). Seven-week-old female rats were divided into four groups: sedentary and ad libitum feeding group (SED), exercise and ad libitum feeding group (EX), exercise and 30% food restriction group (EX-FR), and exercise, 30% food restriction and adequate energy intake group (EX-FR + Ene). Excise groups were performed a voluntary running. The EX-FR + Ene group was fed glucose ad-libitum to adequate energy intake. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. The energy availability, internal organ weight, bone size, bone strength, bone mass, and calcium absorption in the EX-FR group were significantly lower than those in the EX group. There were no significant differences in these parameters except bone strength in between the EX and EX-FR + Ene groups. The breaking energy in the EX-FR + Ene group was significantly lower than those in the EX group. Our results provide evidence that adequate energy intake is important for optimal bone growth in young female athletes.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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    T1  - Adequate Energy Intake Prevents Low Bone Mass Under Exercise and Low Intake of Nutrients in Young Female Rats
    AU  - Yuki Aikawa
    AU  - Yuya Kakutani
    AU  - Umon Agata
    AU  - Satoshi Hattori
    AU  - Hitomi Ogata
    AU  - Ken Kiyono
    AU  - Ikuko Ezawa
    AU  - Naomi Omi
    Y1  - 2019/09/19
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20190703.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20190703.17
    T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
    SP  - 127
    EP  - 135
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8540
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20190703.17
    AB  - We examined the effects of adequate energy intake on bone strength and bone mass under exercise and low nutrient intake using a rat model of the female athlete triad (FAT). Seven-week-old female rats were divided into four groups: sedentary and ad libitum feeding group (SED), exercise and ad libitum feeding group (EX), exercise and 30% food restriction group (EX-FR), and exercise, 30% food restriction and adequate energy intake group (EX-FR + Ene). Excise groups were performed a voluntary running. The EX-FR + Ene group was fed glucose ad-libitum to adequate energy intake. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. The energy availability, internal organ weight, bone size, bone strength, bone mass, and calcium absorption in the EX-FR group were significantly lower than those in the EX group. There were no significant differences in these parameters except bone strength in between the EX and EX-FR + Ene groups. The breaking energy in the EX-FR + Ene group was significantly lower than those in the EX group. Our results provide evidence that adequate energy intake is important for optimal bone growth in young female athletes.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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