American Journal of Sports Science

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Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice

Received: 30 September 2018    Accepted: 18 October 2018    Published: 15 November 2018
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Abstract

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), despite being controlled by government agencies, are illegally marketed and heavily consumed among youngsters that want a lean, muscular appearance and improved physical performance. Behavioral changes mediated by the amygdala, such as depression, aggressiveness and anxiety, are reported among users. The main scope of this work is to quantify the number of neuron cells on the nuclei of the central (CA) and basolateral (BLA) mice's amygdala submitted to a chronic supra-physiological doses of Durateston® (a combination of testosterone propionate, testosterone isocaproate and testosterone decanoate) and Deca Durabolin® (nandrolone decanoate), administered isolated and combined. For this purpose, 40 Swiss male mice were taken and divided into 4 (four) groups (n = 10): a control group (C), in which mice received saline solution; a Dura group, in which mice received Durateston®; a Deca group, in which mice received Deca Durabolin®; and a Dura-Deca group, in which mice received both drugs. Mice were treated with AAS for a period of 60 days and underwent exercises (swimming). After this time, mice were euthanized and had their brains removed. The material thus obtained was processed in a conventional histological routine. For the neuron cells quantitative analyses, the simple random sampling count method was used. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the number of neuron cells in all AAS treated animals comparing to the control group; concerning the amygdala basolateral nucleus, the decrease ranged from 23% to 36%, according to the AAS selected group; regarding the amygdala central nucleus, the decrease ranged from 20% to 29%, according to the AAS selected group. One can conclude that the administration of supra-physiological doses of these AAS causes decrease in the number of neuron cells on the central and basolateral nuclei of Swiss male mice's amygdala.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16
Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2018)
Page(s) 169-174
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids, Central Amygdala, Basolateral Amygdala, Neuron Density

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Author Information
  • Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil

  • Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil

  • Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil

  • Medical School, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil

  • Department of Morphology, Medical School, José Vellano University, Unifenas, Alfenas, Brazil

  • Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil

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    Débora Mantoan Alves, Wagner Costa Rossi Junior, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Evelise Aline Soares, Petrus Pires Marques, et al. (2018). Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(4), 169-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16

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    Débora Mantoan Alves; Wagner Costa Rossi Junior; Flávia Da Ré Guerra; Evelise Aline Soares; Petrus Pires Marques, et al. Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(4), 169-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16

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    AMA Style

    Débora Mantoan Alves, Wagner Costa Rossi Junior, Flávia Da Ré Guerra, Evelise Aline Soares, Petrus Pires Marques, et al. Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(4):169-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16,
      author = {Débora Mantoan Alves and Wagner Costa Rossi Junior and Flávia Da Ré Guerra and Evelise Aline Soares and Petrus Pires Marques and Alessandra Esteves},
      title = {Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice},
      journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
      volume = {6},
      number = {4},
      pages = {169-174},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180604.16},
      abstract = {Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), despite being controlled by government agencies, are illegally marketed and heavily consumed among youngsters that want a lean, muscular appearance and improved physical performance. Behavioral changes mediated by the amygdala, such as depression, aggressiveness and anxiety, are reported among users. The main scope of this work is to quantify the number of neuron cells on the nuclei of the central (CA) and basolateral (BLA) mice's amygdala submitted to a chronic supra-physiological doses of Durateston® (a combination of testosterone propionate, testosterone isocaproate and testosterone decanoate) and Deca Durabolin® (nandrolone decanoate), administered isolated and combined. For this purpose, 40 Swiss male mice were taken and divided into 4 (four) groups (n = 10): a control group (C), in which mice received saline solution; a Dura group, in which mice received Durateston®; a Deca group, in which mice received Deca Durabolin®; and a Dura-Deca group, in which mice received both drugs. Mice were treated with AAS for a period of 60 days and underwent exercises (swimming). After this time, mice were euthanized and had their brains removed. The material thus obtained was processed in a conventional histological routine. For the neuron cells quantitative analyses, the simple random sampling count method was used. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the number of neuron cells in all AAS treated animals comparing to the control group; concerning the amygdala basolateral nucleus, the decrease ranged from 23% to 36%, according to the AAS selected group; regarding the amygdala central nucleus, the decrease ranged from 20% to 29%, according to the AAS selected group. One can conclude that the administration of supra-physiological doses of these AAS causes decrease in the number of neuron cells on the central and basolateral nuclei of Swiss male mice's amygdala.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effect of Supra-Physiological Doses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids on the Neuronal Density of the Central and Basolateral Amygdala in Mice
    AU  - Débora Mantoan Alves
    AU  - Wagner Costa Rossi Junior
    AU  - Flávia Da Ré Guerra
    AU  - Evelise Aline Soares
    AU  - Petrus Pires Marques
    AU  - Alessandra Esteves
    Y1  - 2018/11/15
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16
    T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
    SP  - 169
    EP  - 174
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8540
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180604.16
    AB  - Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), despite being controlled by government agencies, are illegally marketed and heavily consumed among youngsters that want a lean, muscular appearance and improved physical performance. Behavioral changes mediated by the amygdala, such as depression, aggressiveness and anxiety, are reported among users. The main scope of this work is to quantify the number of neuron cells on the nuclei of the central (CA) and basolateral (BLA) mice's amygdala submitted to a chronic supra-physiological doses of Durateston® (a combination of testosterone propionate, testosterone isocaproate and testosterone decanoate) and Deca Durabolin® (nandrolone decanoate), administered isolated and combined. For this purpose, 40 Swiss male mice were taken and divided into 4 (four) groups (n = 10): a control group (C), in which mice received saline solution; a Dura group, in which mice received Durateston®; a Deca group, in which mice received Deca Durabolin®; and a Dura-Deca group, in which mice received both drugs. Mice were treated with AAS for a period of 60 days and underwent exercises (swimming). After this time, mice were euthanized and had their brains removed. The material thus obtained was processed in a conventional histological routine. For the neuron cells quantitative analyses, the simple random sampling count method was used. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the number of neuron cells in all AAS treated animals comparing to the control group; concerning the amygdala basolateral nucleus, the decrease ranged from 23% to 36%, according to the AAS selected group; regarding the amygdala central nucleus, the decrease ranged from 20% to 29%, according to the AAS selected group. One can conclude that the administration of supra-physiological doses of these AAS causes decrease in the number of neuron cells on the central and basolateral nuclei of Swiss male mice's amygdala.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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