American Journal of Sports Science

| Peer-Reviewed |

Sports Injuries and Therapeutic Patterns in Professional Footballers

Received: 22 September 2016    Accepted: 08 October 2016    Published: 18 November 2016
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Athletes attach vital values to full recovery after injury based on the needs for optimal performance. However, limited quantitative studies emphasising playing position, age and circumstance, and therapeutic patterns used for the treatment of injured First Capital Plus Premier League soccer players have been conducted. This study hence describes (a) injury types based on playing position, age and circumstance, and (b) therapeutic patterns used for the treatment of injured First Capital Plus Premier League soccer players. Athletes’ case files containing medical teams’ injury reports for 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 Ghana Football Association league seasons and a total of 209 injury cases of football players with age range of 19-30 years and mean age of 23.67±0.90 years were described. Ages 25-27(78, 37.32%) sustained more injuries while fracture lasted for 90 days. Eighty-eight (42.1%) athletes had contusion which lasted for between 3-28 days, Strain (37, 17.1%) and Sprain (23, 11.0%) were most prevalent. Midfielders sustained higher injury (83, 39.72%) of foul contact (186, 89.0%) circumstance. Frontal head (63, 30.2%) and Knee (43, 20.5%) were anatomical structures mostly hampered by injury. Significant differences exist in injury based on playing positions, causes and players’ age (p<0.05). Therapeutic patterns of RICE (123, 58.85%, p<0.05), psychotherapy (122, 58.37%, p>0.05), analgesia (114, 54.55%, p<0.05) and tapping and wrapping (110, 52.65%, p<0.05) administered to injury sustained were significant. Given that RICE is the mostly used therapeutic pattern based on injury type, we recommend that all Ghana club owners should abundantly make portable cold application materials and methods available to medical teams for use during games. This could reduce the risk of acute injury and lessen early career termination of premier league soccer players.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajss.20160406.12
Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016)
Page(s) 105-111
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Injury Types, Therapeutic Patterns, Soccer Players, Premier League

References
[1] D. T. P. Fong, Y. Hong, L. K. Chan, P. S. H. Yung, Chan K-M. "A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports". Sports Med. Vol. 37, no. 1: pp. 73–94, 2007.
[2] A. S. Goldberg, L. Moroz, A. Smith, T. Ganley. "Injury surveillance in young athletes: A clinician’s guide to sports injury literature". Sports Med. Vol. 37, no. 3: pp. 265–278, 2007.
[3] M. Hübscher, A. Zech, K. Pfeifer, F. Hänsel, L. Vogt, W. Banzer. "Neuromuscular training for sports injury prevention: A systematic review". Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Vol. 42, no. 3: pp. 413–421, 2010.
[4] K. McBain, I. Shrier, R. Shultz, W. H. Meeuwisse, M. Klugl, D. Garza, G. O. Matheson. "Prevention of sports injury I: a systematic review of applied biomechanics and physiology outcomes research". British Journal of Sports Medicine. Vol. 46, no. 3: pp. 169–173, 2012.
[5] K. McBain, I. Shrier, R. Shultz, W. H. Meeuwisse, M. Klugl, D. Garza, G. O. Matheson. "Prevention of sport injury II: a systematic review of clinical science research". British Journal of Sports Medicine. Vol. 46, no. 3: pp. 174–179, 2012.
[6] J. Ekstrand, M. Hägglund, M. Waldén. "Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football - the UEFA injury study". British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2009. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.060582.
[7] J. M. Hootman, R. Dick, J. Agel, J. "Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: Summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives". Journal of Athletic Training. Vol. 42, no. 2: pp. 311–319, 2007.
[8] A. L. Kitson, Å. M. Athlin. “Development and preliminary testing of a framework to evaluate patients' experiences of the fundamentals of care: a secondary analysis of three stroke survivor narratives”. Nursing Research and Practice, Vol. 2013, Article ID 572437, 12 pages, 2013. doi: 10.1155/2013/572437.
[9] J. O. Koh, J. D. Cassidy, E. J. Watkinson. "Incidence of concussion in contact sports: a systematic review of the evidence". Brain Injury, Vol. 17, no. 10: pp. 901–917, 2003.
[10] O. B. A. Owoeye. "Pattern and Management of Sports Injuries Presented by Lagos State Athletes at the 16th National Sports Festival (KADA Games, 2009) in Nigeria.” Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy and Technology: SMARTT 2 (2010): 3. PMC. Web. 23 Sept. 2016.
[11] T. Pillay, J. Frantz. "Injury prevalence of netball players in South Africa : The need for injury prevention". South African Journal of Physiotherapy. Vol. 68, no. 3: pp. 7–10, 2012, doi: 10.4102/sajp.v68i3.17.
[12] O. B. A. Owoeye, A. K. Akodu, B. M. Oladokun. "Incidence and pattern of injuries among adolescent basketball players in Nigeria". South Afican Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 25, no. 3: pp. 77-80, 2013. doi: 10.7196/sajsm.471.
[13] J. A. Adjei, M. O. Moses, F. K. Nutakor, A. Gyinaye. ”Sports injuries and injury management techniques among domestic athletes in kumasi, Ghana". International Journal of Sport Science and Fitness, Vol. 5, no. 1: pp. 31–41. 2015.
[14] M. O. Moses, B. Duduyemi. "Sports participation, anthropometric and physiological profiles of university athletes". Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, Vol. 31, no. 1: pp. 063–069. 2016.
[15] T. Dansu. "Sports injury prevention eduaction: expanding the frontier for sports science and safe performance". Journa of Nigerian Association of Sport Science and Medicine, Vol. 15, pp 73–80, 2014.
[16] O. K. Adepoju. "Effectiveness of a physiotherapy sports injury educational package for senoir secondary school students". Masters Thesis, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; 2007.
[17] J. Ekstrand, T. Timpka, M. Hagglund. "Risk of injury in elite football played on artificial turf versus natural grass: a prospective two-cohort study". British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 40, no. 12: pp. 975–981, 2006.
[18] C. Kang, D. S. Hwang, S. M. Cha. "Acetabular labral tears in patients with sports injury". Clin Orthop Surg. Vol. 1, no. 4: pp. 230–235, 2009.
[19] T. D. Dissanayaka, A. J. B. Rathnayaka. "Awareness on acute knee soft tissue injury management among rugby players". International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol. 4, no. 7: pp. 7–9, 2014.
[20] C. G. Koutures, A. J. M. Gregory. "Injuries in youth soccer". Pediatrics. Vol. 125, no. 2: pp. 410–414, 2010.
[21] E. Alentorn-Geli, G. D. Myer, H. J. Silvers, G. Samitier, D. Romero, C. Lázaro-Haro, R. Cugat. "Prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer players. Part 1: Mechanisms of injury and underlying risk factors". Knee Surgery Sport Traumatology Arthroscopy. Vol. 17, no. 7: pp. 705–729, 2009.
[22] E. Giza, L. J. Micheli. "Soccer injuries". Medicine and Sport Science, 49: pp. 140–169. 2005.
[23] H. Paajanen, L. Ristolainen, H. Turunen, U. M. Kujala. "Prevalence and etiological factors of sport-related groin injuries in top-level soccer compared to non-contact sports". Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Vol. 131, no. 2: pp. 261–266, 2011.
[24] P. Wicker, C. Breuer, T. Pawlowski. "Promoting sport for all to age-specific target groups: the impact of sport infrastructure". European Sport Management Quarterly. Vol. 9, no. 2: pp. 103–118, 2009.
[25] M. Kallinen, A. Markku. "Aging, physical activity and sports injuries. An overview of common sports injuries in the elderly". Sports Medicine, Vol. 20, no. 1: pp. 41–52, 1995.
[26] A. L. Chen, S. C. Mears, R. J. Hawkins. "Orthopaedic care of the aging athlete". Journal of American Orthopaedic Surgery. Vol. 13, no. 6: pp. 407–416, 2005.
[27] M. J. Daley, W. L. Spinks. "Exercise, mobility and aging". Sports Medicine. Vol. 29, no. 1: pp 1-12, 2000.
[28] H. Bracq, M. Chapuis, P. Violas. "Traumatology in football among children and teenagers". Science and Sports. Vol. 14, no. 5: pp. 242–247, 1999.
[29] J. Ekstrand, M. Hägglund, H. Törnqvist, K. Kristenson, H. Bengtsson, H. Magnusson, M. Waldėn. "Upper extremity injuries in male elite football players". Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatological Arthroscopy, Vol. 21, no. 7: pp. 1626–1632, 2013.
[30] F. Cromwell, J. Walsh, J. Gormley. "A pilot study examining injuries in elite gaelic footballers". British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 34, no. 2: pp. 104–108, 2000.
[31] B. J. Shiple. "Hamstring strains in elite footballers: predicting recovery and recurrence". Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, Vol. 21, no. 4: pp. 372–373, 2011.
[32] B. Rogalski, B. Dawson, J. Heasman, T. J. Gabbett. "Training and game loads and injury risk in elite Australian footballers". Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. Vol. 16, no. 6: pp. 499–503, 2013.
[33] J. W. Orchard, P. Farhart, C. Leopold. "Lumbar spine region pathology and hamstring and calf injuries in athletes: is there a connection?" British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 38, no. 4: pp. 502-504, 2004.
[34] M. Waldén, M. Hägglund, J. Ekstrand. "High risk of new knee injury in elite footballers with previous anterior cruciate ligament injury". British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 40, no. 2: pp. 158-162, 2006.
[35] K. O’Sullivan, B. O’Ceallaigh, K. O’Connell, A. Shafat. "The relationship between previous hamstring injury and the concentric isokinetic knee muscle strength of Irish Gaelic footballers". BMC Musculoskelet Disorders. 9: 30. 2008, doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-9-30.
[36] J. P. Slavotinek, G. M. Verrall, G. T. Fon, M. R. Sage. "Groin pain in footballers: the association between preseason clinical and pubic bone magnetic resonance imaging findings and athlete outcome". American Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 33, no. 6: pp. 894–899, 2005.
[37] F. Yamaner, A. Kartal. "Evaluation of Injuries in Professional Turkish Football Players". European Journal of General Medicine, Vol. 8, no. 2: pp. 98–104, 2011.
[38] T. E. Hewett, G. D. Myer, K. R. Ford, R. S. Heidt Jr., A. J. Colosimo, S. G. McLean, A. J. van den Bogert, M. V. Paterno, P. Succop. “Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study”. American Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 33, no. 4: pp. 492-501, 2005.
[39] J. H. Stubbe, A. M. van Beijsterveldt, S. van der Knaap, J. Stege, E. A. Verhagen, W. van Mechelen, F. J. Backx. "Injuries in professional male soccer players in the netherlands: a prospective cohort study". Journal of Athletic Training, Vol. 50, no. 2: pp. 211–216, 2015; doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.64.
[40] G. Dupeux, C. Cohen, D. Q. AnneLe Goff, C. Clanet. "Football curves". Journal of Fluids and Structures. Vol. 27: 659–667, 2011.
[41] L. Ristolainen. "Sports injuries in finnish elite cross-country skiers, swimmers, long-distance runners and soccer players. Masters Dissertation University of Jyväskylä, Finland, 2012.
[42] J. T. Costello, P. R. A. Baker, G. M. Minett, F. Bieuzen, I. B. Stewart, C. Bleakley. "Whole-body cryotherapy (extreme cold air exposure) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise in adults (Review)". The Cochrane Collaboration Bone J and MTG, editor. Australia: JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2015. Issue 9. Art. No.: CD010789. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010789.pub2.
[43] T. A. Järvinen, M. Järvinen, H. Kalimo. "Regeneration of injured skeletal muscle after the injury". Muscles Ligaments Tendons Journal. Vol. 3, no. 4: pp. 337–345, 2013.
[44] D. Spermon, Y. Darlington, P. Gibney. "Psychodynamic psychotherapy for complex trauma : targets, focus, applications, and outcomes". Psychology Research and Behaviour Management. Vol. 3: 119–127, 2010.
[45] D. F. Drake, S. F. Nadler, L. H. Chou, S. D. Toledo, V. Akuthota. "Sports and performing arts medicine. 4. Traumatic injuries in sports". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilation, Vol. 85, (3 Suppl 1): pp. S67–71, 2004.
[46] U. Jørgensen. "Epidemiology of sports injuries". Nordisk Medicine, Vol. 109, no. 2: pp. 47–49, 1994.
[47] D. Hawkins, J. Metheny. "Overuse injuries in youth sports: biomechanical considerations". Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Vol. 33, no. 10: pp. 1701–1707, 2001.
[48] K. Young. "Sports injuries and TCM". Journal of Chinese Medicine. Vol. 78: pp. 10, 2005.
[49] R. B. Anderson, K. J. Hunt, J. J. McCormick. "Management of common sports-related injuries about the foot and ankle". Journal of American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeon. Vol. 18, no. 9: pp. 546–556, 2010.
[50] F. De Paulis, A. Cacchio, O. Michelini, A. Damiani, R. Saggini. "Sports injuries in the pelvis and hip: diagnostic imaging". European Journal of Radiology, Vol. 27, (Suppl 1): pp. S49-S59, 1998.
[51] D. R. Patel, T. L. Nelson. "Sports injuries in adolescents". Medical Clinic of North America, Vol. 84, no. 4: pp. 983–1007, 2000.
[52] T. W. Kaminski, J. Hertel, N. Amendola, C. L. Docherty, M. G. Dolan, J. T. Hopkins, E. Nussbaum, W. Poppy, D. Richie. "National athletic trainers’ association position statement: Conservative management and prevention of ankle sprains in athletes". Journal of Athletic Training, Vol. 48, no. 4: pp. 528–545, 2013.
Author Information
  • Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

  • Medical Department, National Sports Authority and Asante Kotoko Sporting Club, Kumasi, Ghana

  • Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Moses Monday Omoniyi, Boateng Arthur Kwaku, Osei Francis. (2016). Sports Injuries and Therapeutic Patterns in Professional Footballers. American Journal of Sports Science, 4(6), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20160406.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Moses Monday Omoniyi; Boateng Arthur Kwaku; Osei Francis. Sports Injuries and Therapeutic Patterns in Professional Footballers. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2016, 4(6), 105-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20160406.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Moses Monday Omoniyi, Boateng Arthur Kwaku, Osei Francis. Sports Injuries and Therapeutic Patterns in Professional Footballers. Am J Sports Sci. 2016;4(6):105-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20160406.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajss.20160406.12,
      author = {Moses Monday Omoniyi and Boateng Arthur Kwaku and Osei Francis},
      title = {Sports Injuries and Therapeutic Patterns in Professional Footballers},
      journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
      volume = {4},
      number = {6},
      pages = {105-111},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20160406.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20160406.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20160406.12},
      abstract = {Athletes attach vital values to full recovery after injury based on the needs for optimal performance. However, limited quantitative studies emphasising playing position, age and circumstance, and therapeutic patterns used for the treatment of injured First Capital Plus Premier League soccer players have been conducted. This study hence describes (a) injury types based on playing position, age and circumstance, and (b) therapeutic patterns used for the treatment of injured First Capital Plus Premier League soccer players. Athletes’ case files containing medical teams’ injury reports for 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 Ghana Football Association league seasons and a total of 209 injury cases of football players with age range of 19-30 years and mean age of 23.67±0.90 years were described. Ages 25-27(78, 37.32%) sustained more injuries while fracture lasted for 90 days. Eighty-eight (42.1%) athletes had contusion which lasted for between 3-28 days, Strain (37, 17.1%) and Sprain (23, 11.0%) were most prevalent. Midfielders sustained higher injury (83, 39.72%) of foul contact (186, 89.0%) circumstance. Frontal head (63, 30.2%) and Knee (43, 20.5%) were anatomical structures mostly hampered by injury. Significant differences exist in injury based on playing positions, causes and players’ age (p<0.05). Therapeutic patterns of RICE (123, 58.85%, p<0.05), psychotherapy (122, 58.37%, p>0.05), analgesia (114, 54.55%, p<0.05) and tapping and wrapping (110, 52.65%, p<0.05) administered to injury sustained were significant. Given that RICE is the mostly used therapeutic pattern based on injury type, we recommend that all Ghana club owners should abundantly make portable cold application materials and methods available to medical teams for use during games. This could reduce the risk of acute injury and lessen early career termination of premier league soccer players.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Sports Injuries and Therapeutic Patterns in Professional Footballers
    AU  - Moses Monday Omoniyi
    AU  - Boateng Arthur Kwaku
    AU  - Osei Francis
    Y1  - 2016/11/18
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20160406.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20160406.12
    T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
    SP  - 105
    EP  - 111
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8540
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20160406.12
    AB  - Athletes attach vital values to full recovery after injury based on the needs for optimal performance. However, limited quantitative studies emphasising playing position, age and circumstance, and therapeutic patterns used for the treatment of injured First Capital Plus Premier League soccer players have been conducted. This study hence describes (a) injury types based on playing position, age and circumstance, and (b) therapeutic patterns used for the treatment of injured First Capital Plus Premier League soccer players. Athletes’ case files containing medical teams’ injury reports for 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 Ghana Football Association league seasons and a total of 209 injury cases of football players with age range of 19-30 years and mean age of 23.67±0.90 years were described. Ages 25-27(78, 37.32%) sustained more injuries while fracture lasted for 90 days. Eighty-eight (42.1%) athletes had contusion which lasted for between 3-28 days, Strain (37, 17.1%) and Sprain (23, 11.0%) were most prevalent. Midfielders sustained higher injury (83, 39.72%) of foul contact (186, 89.0%) circumstance. Frontal head (63, 30.2%) and Knee (43, 20.5%) were anatomical structures mostly hampered by injury. Significant differences exist in injury based on playing positions, causes and players’ age (p<0.05). Therapeutic patterns of RICE (123, 58.85%, p<0.05), psychotherapy (122, 58.37%, p>0.05), analgesia (114, 54.55%, p<0.05) and tapping and wrapping (110, 52.65%, p<0.05) administered to injury sustained were significant. Given that RICE is the mostly used therapeutic pattern based on injury type, we recommend that all Ghana club owners should abundantly make portable cold application materials and methods available to medical teams for use during games. This could reduce the risk of acute injury and lessen early career termination of premier league soccer players.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections