International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences

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The Impact of Washing and Peeling of Cucumbers and Tomatoes in Reduction of Daily Intake of Dithiocarbamates

Received: 18 July 2016    Accepted: 21 June 2017    Published: 25 September 2017
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Abstract

Background: Pesticides residues on foods are potentially toxic to humans. They may induce adverse health effects such as cancer, effects on reproduction, immune and nervous system complications. One of the important goals of public and environmental health officials is reducing exposure to pesticide residues on foods. Materials and methods: In the present study, 80 samples of cucumbers and 60 samples of tomatoes were collected from greenhouses and after preparation, dithiocarbamates (DTCs) residues were analyzed. Dithiocarbamates were determined using spectrophotometric method. During this procedure a mixture of cupper was shaped from the reaction between CS2 and the cupper after acid decomposition of the DTCs in a 3 trap responsive order. The concentrations of DTCs remnant were compared with MRLs and their daily intake were calculated and compared with ADI. Results: The outcome depicted that washing with water and peeling may able the reduction of absorption of daily intake of the rest of DTCs from 1.8% (as percent of ADI) in unwashed cucumbers to 0.6% ADI and 0.13% ADI respectively. The DTCs residues daily intake in unwashed tomatoes samples were 0.66% ADI and also in water-washed and peeled tomatoes were 0.43% ADI and 0.23% ADI respectively. Conclusion: The daily intake of DTCs was reduced by washing with water and peeling significantly. Although the estimated daily intakes of DTCs in the studied vegetables do not pose a health risk in consumers, but, because the entrance of fungicides into the human body by other commodities, these daily intakes are considerable.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170606.11
Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 6, November 2017)
Page(s) 215-220
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Daily Intake, Dithiocarbamates, Peeling, Washing

References
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[10] Ong, K. C., Cash, J. N., Zabik, M. J., Siddiq, M., & Jones, A. L. 1996. Chlorine and ozone washes for pesticide removal from apples and processed apple sauce. Food Chemistry 55: 153-160.
[11] Fahey, J. E., Nelson, P. E., Ballee, D. L. 1970. Removal of Gardona from fruit by commercial preparative methods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 18: 866–868.
[12] Hegazy, M. E. A., Abdel-Razik M., Diab, M. M., Abu-Zahw, M. M. 1988. Sumithion residues on and in potato tubers. Annals of Agricultural Science – Cairo 33: 1291–1298.
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[14] Lentza-Rizos, C., & Balokas, A. 2001. Residue levels of chlorpropham in individual tubers and composite samples of postharvest-treated potatoes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49: 710-714.
[15] Singh, R., Madan, V. K., Singh, B., Kathpal, T. S. 2000. Dissipation of propham and chlorpropham residues in potato tubers, peel and pulp. Pesticide Research Journal 12: 133-136.
[16] Lee, M. i.-Gyung, & Lee, S. u.-Rae. 1997. Reduction factors and risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticides in Korean foods. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 29: 240-248.
[17] Yoshida, S., Murata, H., Imaida, M. 1992. Distribution of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits and removal by washing. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi 66: 1007-1007.
[18] Cullen, T. E. 1964. Spectrophotometric Determination of Dithiocarbamates Residues on Food Crops. Anal. Chem 36: 221-224.
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Author Information
  • Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

  • Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

  • Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

  • Department of Entomology, School of Medicin, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

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    Mohammad Reza Mehrasebi, Roohangiz Moradjoo, Zohre Farahmandkia, Jamshid Mohammadi. (2017). The Impact of Washing and Peeling of Cucumbers and Tomatoes in Reduction of Daily Intake of Dithiocarbamates. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 6(6), 215-220. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170606.11

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    ACS Style

    Mohammad Reza Mehrasebi; Roohangiz Moradjoo; Zohre Farahmandkia; Jamshid Mohammadi. The Impact of Washing and Peeling of Cucumbers and Tomatoes in Reduction of Daily Intake of Dithiocarbamates. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2017, 6(6), 215-220. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170606.11

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    AMA Style

    Mohammad Reza Mehrasebi, Roohangiz Moradjoo, Zohre Farahmandkia, Jamshid Mohammadi. The Impact of Washing and Peeling of Cucumbers and Tomatoes in Reduction of Daily Intake of Dithiocarbamates. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2017;6(6):215-220. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170606.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170606.11,
      author = {Mohammad Reza Mehrasebi and Roohangiz Moradjoo and Zohre Farahmandkia and Jamshid Mohammadi},
      title = {The Impact of Washing and Peeling of Cucumbers and Tomatoes in Reduction of Daily Intake of Dithiocarbamates},
      journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
      volume = {6},
      number = {6},
      pages = {215-220},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170606.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170606.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20170606.11},
      abstract = {Background: Pesticides residues on foods are potentially toxic to humans. They may induce adverse health effects such as cancer, effects on reproduction, immune and nervous system complications. One of the important goals of public and environmental health officials is reducing exposure to pesticide residues on foods. Materials and methods: In the present study, 80 samples of cucumbers and 60 samples of tomatoes were collected from greenhouses and after preparation, dithiocarbamates (DTCs) residues were analyzed. Dithiocarbamates were determined using spectrophotometric method. During this procedure a mixture of cupper was shaped from the reaction between CS2 and the cupper after acid decomposition of the DTCs in a 3 trap responsive order. The concentrations of DTCs remnant were compared with MRLs and their daily intake were calculated and compared with ADI. Results: The outcome depicted that washing with water and peeling may able the reduction of absorption of daily intake of the rest of DTCs from 1.8% (as percent of ADI) in unwashed cucumbers to 0.6% ADI and 0.13% ADI respectively. The DTCs residues daily intake in unwashed tomatoes samples were 0.66% ADI and also in water-washed and peeled tomatoes were 0.43% ADI and 0.23% ADI respectively. Conclusion: The daily intake of DTCs was reduced by washing with water and peeling significantly. Although the estimated daily intakes of DTCs in the studied vegetables do not pose a health risk in consumers, but, because the entrance of fungicides into the human body by other commodities, these daily intakes are considerable.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Impact of Washing and Peeling of Cucumbers and Tomatoes in Reduction of Daily Intake of Dithiocarbamates
    AU  - Mohammad Reza Mehrasebi
    AU  - Roohangiz Moradjoo
    AU  - Zohre Farahmandkia
    AU  - Jamshid Mohammadi
    Y1  - 2017/09/25
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170606.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170606.11
    T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    SP  - 215
    EP  - 220
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2716
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20170606.11
    AB  - Background: Pesticides residues on foods are potentially toxic to humans. They may induce adverse health effects such as cancer, effects on reproduction, immune and nervous system complications. One of the important goals of public and environmental health officials is reducing exposure to pesticide residues on foods. Materials and methods: In the present study, 80 samples of cucumbers and 60 samples of tomatoes were collected from greenhouses and after preparation, dithiocarbamates (DTCs) residues were analyzed. Dithiocarbamates were determined using spectrophotometric method. During this procedure a mixture of cupper was shaped from the reaction between CS2 and the cupper after acid decomposition of the DTCs in a 3 trap responsive order. The concentrations of DTCs remnant were compared with MRLs and their daily intake were calculated and compared with ADI. Results: The outcome depicted that washing with water and peeling may able the reduction of absorption of daily intake of the rest of DTCs from 1.8% (as percent of ADI) in unwashed cucumbers to 0.6% ADI and 0.13% ADI respectively. The DTCs residues daily intake in unwashed tomatoes samples were 0.66% ADI and also in water-washed and peeled tomatoes were 0.43% ADI and 0.23% ADI respectively. Conclusion: The daily intake of DTCs was reduced by washing with water and peeling significantly. Although the estimated daily intakes of DTCs in the studied vegetables do not pose a health risk in consumers, but, because the entrance of fungicides into the human body by other commodities, these daily intakes are considerable.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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