International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences

| Peer-Reviewed |

The Progress of Food Allergy Concept, Classifications and Diagnosis

Received: 09 May 2016    Accepted: 21 May 2016    Published: 04 June 2016
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Food allergies, defined as an immune response to food proteins, affect as many as 8% of young children and 5% of adults in most countries, and their prevalence appears to be rising like all allergic diseases, In addition to well-recognized urticaria and anaphylaxis triggered by IgE antibody-mediated immune responses. Food allergy is a rapidly growing public health concern because of its increasing prevalence and life-threatening potential. Food allergic reaction can be further subdivided into IgE mediated and non IgE mediated. The diagnosis of food allergy is made from the history, supported by investigations and by responses to avoidance of specific food triggers. So in this work we want to introduce some concepts in food allergy such as classification of allergic and diagnosis of food triggers and finally how to manage this problem and minimize the prevalence of food allergy.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.11
Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2016)
Page(s) 234-240
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Allergy, IgE, Diagnosis, Application in Food Industries

References
[1] Gi Boyce, J. A. (2010) Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol, (2010) 126 (suppl), S1–58.
[2] Taylor, S. L. and Hefl e, S. L. Food allergies and other food sensitivities. J Food Technol, (2010) 55, 68–83
[3] Cianferoni, A. and Spergel, J. Food allergy: review, classification and diagnosis. Allergol Int. (2009), 58, 457–466.
[4] Hourihane, J. O’B. and Knulst, A. C. Thresholds of allergenic proteins in food. Tox Appl Pharmacol, (2005) 207, S152–S156.
[5] Antonella Cianferoni Food Allergy: Review, Classification and Diagnosis, Allergology International 2009 Vol 58.
[6] Eriksson NE, Moller C, Self-reported food hypersensitivity in Sweden, Denmark, J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2004; 14: 70-9.
[7] Cath ryn R. Nagler Introduction to Special Issue on Food Allergy, Semin Immunopathol (2012) 34: 615–616.
[8] Montserrat Fernández-Rivas, Ricardo Asero Risk Management for Food Allergy, 2014, Pages 25-43.
[9] Ja¨rvinen KM. Food-induced anaphylaxis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 11: 255-61.
[10] Wu TC, Tsai TC, Huang CF, Chang FY, Lin CC, Huang IF, et al. Prevalence of food allergy in Taiwan: a questionnaire-based survey. Intern Med. J. 2012; 42: 1310-5.
[11] Sampson HA. Food allergy. Part 2: diagnosis and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 103: 981-9.
[12] Lee LA, Burks AW. Food allergies: prevalence, molecular characterization, and treatment prevention strategies. Annu Rev Nutr 2006; 26: 539-65.
[13] Anderson. J. A. The establishment of common language concerning adverse reaction to food. J. allergy clin. Immuno. 1988.78. 140-143.
[14] Sampson HA, Mu~noz-Furlong A, Bock SA, Schmitt C, Bass R, Chowdhury BA, et al. Symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115: 584-91.
[15] Sackeyfio A, Senthinathan A, Kandaswamy P, Barry PW, Shaw B, Baker M. Diagnosis and assessment of food allergy in children and young people: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ 2011; 342: d747.
[16] Boyce JA, Assa’ad A, Burks AW, Jones SM, Sampson HA, Wood RA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126 (suppl): S1-58.
[17] Fiocchi A, Brozek J, Sch€unemann H, Bahna SL, von Berg A, Beyer K, et al. World Allergy Organization (WAO) Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow’s Milk Allergy (DRACMA) Guidelines. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010; 21 (suppl 21): 1-125.
[18] European Medicines Agency committee for medical products for human use (CHMP). Guideline on the clinical development of products for specific immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic diseases/Doc. Ref. CHMP/EWP/18504/2006/ date for coming into effect June 1st, 2009. Available at: http://www.emea.europa. eu. Accessed March 2, 2012.
[19] Venter C, Pereira B, Grundy J et al. Incidence of parentally reported and clinically diagnosed food hypersensitivity in the first year of life. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117: 1118-24.
[20] Venter C, Pereira B, Grundy J, Clayton CB, Arshad SH, Dean T. Prevalence of sensitization reported and objectively assessed food hypersensitivity amongst six-year-old children: a population-based study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006; 17: 356-63.
[21] Sicherer SH, Munoz-Furlong A, Sampson HA. Prevalence of seafood allergy in the United States determined by a random telephone survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114: 159-65.
[22] Schrander JJ, van den Bogart JP, Forget PP, Schrander Stumpel CT, Kuijten RH, Kester AD. Cow’s milk protein intolerance in infants under 1 year of age: a prospective epidemiological study. Eur J Pediatr 1993; 152: 640-4.
[23] Eggesbo M, Botten G, Halvorsen R, Magnus P. The prevalence of allergy to egg: a population-based study in young children. Allergy 2001; 56: 403-11.
[24] Host A, Halken S, Jacobsen HP, Christensen AE, Herskind AM, Plesner K. Clinical course of cow’s milk protein allergyintolerance and atopic diseases in childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2002; 13 (Suppl 15): 23-8.
[25] Saarinen KM, Pelkonen AS, Makela MJ, Savilahti E. Clinical course and prognosis of cow’s milk allergy are dependent on milk-specific IgE status. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 116: 869-75.
[26] Savage JH, Matsui EC, Skripak JM, Wood RA. The natural history of egg allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120: 1413-7.
[27] Agne PS, Bidat E, Agne PS, Rance F, Paty E. Sesame seed allergy in children. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 36: 300-5.
[28] Fleischer DM, Conover-Walker MK, Matsui EC, Wood RA. The natural history of tree nut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 116: 1087-93.
[29] Poulos LM, Waters AM, Correll PK, Loblay RH, Marks GB. Trends in hospitalizations for anaphylaxis, angioedema, and urticaria in Australia, 1993-1994 to 2004-2005. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120: 878-84.
[30] Sheikh A, Alves B. Hospital admissions for acute anaphylaxis: time trend study. BMJ 2000; 320: 1441.
[31] Grundy J, Matthews S, Bateman B, Dean T, Arshad SH. Rising prevalence of allergy to peanut in children: Data from 2 sequential cohorts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 110: 784-9.
[32] Sicherer SH, Munoz-Furlong A, Burks AW, Sampson HA. Prevalence of peanut and tree nut allergy in the US determined by a random digit dial telephone survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 103: 559-62.
[33] Bach JF. The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 911-20.
[34] Schaub B, Lauener R, von Mutius E. The many faces of the hygiene hypothesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117: 969-77; quiz 978.
[35] Du Toit G, Katz Y, Sasieni P et al. Early consumption of peanuts in infancy is associated with a low prevalence of peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122: 984-91.
[36] Chehade M, Mayer L. Oral tolerance and its relation to food hypersensitivities. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115: 3-12; quiz 13.
[37] Heyman M. Symposium on ‘dietary influences on mucosal immunity’. How dietary antigens access the mucosal immune system. Proc Nutr Soc 2001; 60: 419-26.
[38] Mowat AM. Anatomical basis of tolerance and immunity to intestinal antigens. Nat Rev Immunol 2003; 3: 331-41.
[39] Marrs t. bruce kd. is there an association between microbial exposure and food allergy. pediatr allergy immune. 2013; 24: 311-20.
[40] Atarashi. k shima.t imaoka. A induction of colonic regulatory t cells by indigenous clostridium species. Science 2011; 331: 337-41.
[41] Russell. Sl gold. mj woldarska. M early life antibiotic driven changes Microbiota enhance susceptibility to allergy asthma. EMBO rep. 2012; 13: 440-7.
[42] Basher. Me Anderson. C. toll-like receptor for signaling by intestinal microbes influence susceptibility to food allergy j. immunol. 2004; 172: 6978-87.
[43] Geuking. Mb cahenzli. J intestinal bacteria colonization induces mutualistic regulatory t cells responses. immunity 2011; 34: 794-806.
[44] Mazmanian. Sk round. jL amicrobial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease. nature 2008; 453: 620-5.
[45] Mathias. Cb hobson ca Lawson g IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis impaired tolerance to food antigens in mice with enhanced IL 4 receptor signaling. j allergy clinical immunal. 2011; 127: 795-805.
[46] Noval rivas m. hobson sa. Garcia lloret m. a microbiota signature associated with experimental food allergy promotes allergic sensitization and anaphylaxis. j allergy clinical immunol. 2013; 131: 201-12.
[47] Boyce JA, Assa’ad A, Burks AW, Jones SM, Sampson HA, Wood RA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: report of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126 (suppl): S1-58.
[48] Fiocchi A, Brozek J, Sch€unemann H, Bahna SL, von Berg A, Beyer K, et al. World Allergy Organization (WAO) Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow’s Milk Allergy (DRACMA) Guidelines. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010; 21 (suppl 21): 1-125.
[49] Knight AK, Shreffler WG, Sampson HA, Sicherer SH, Noone S, Mofidi S, et al. Skin prick test to egg white provides additional diagnostic utility to serum egg white-specific IgE antibody concentration in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117: 842-7.
[50] Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. 9. Food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117 (suppl Mini-Primer): S470-5.
[51] Sampson HA. Utility of food-specific IgE concentrations in predicting symptomatic food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107: 891-6.
[52] Roberts G, Lack G. Diagnosing peanut allergy with skin prick and specific IgE testing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115: 1291-6.
[53] Teuber SS, Beyer K. Peanut, tree nut and seed allergies. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 4: 201-3.
[54] Hompes S, Kohli A, Nemat K, Scherer K, Lange L, Rueff F, et al. Provoking allergens and treatment of anaphylaxis in children and adolescents—data from the anaphylaxis registry of German-speaking countries. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 568-74.
[55] Nelson HS, Lahr J, Rule R, Bock A, Leung D. Treatment of anaphylactic sensitivity to peanuts by immunotherapy with injections of aqueous peanut extract. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 99: 744-51.
[56] Jones SM, Pons L, Roberts JL, Scurlock AM, Perry TT, Kulis M, et al. Clinical efficacy and immune regulation with peanut oral immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124: 292-300.
[57] Hofmann AM, Scurlock AM, Jones SM, Palmer KP, Lokhnygina Y, Steele PH, et al. Safety of a peanut oral immunotherapy protocol in children with peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124: 286-91.
[58] Blumchen K, Ulbricht H, Staden U, Dobberstein K, Beschorner J, de Oliveira LC, et al. Oral peanut immunotherapy in children with peanut anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126: 83-91.
[59] Clark AT, Islam S, King Y, Deighton J, Anagnostou K, Ewan PW. Successful oral tolerance induction in severe peanut allergy. Allergy 2009; 64: 1218-20.
[60] Sheikh A, Nurmatov U, Venderbosch I, Bischoff E. Oral immunotherapy for the treatment of peanut allergy: systematic review of six case series studies. Prim Care Respir J 2012; 21: 41-9.
[61] Varshney P, Jones SM, Scurlock AM, Perry TT, Kemper A, Steele P, et al. A randomized controlled study of peanut oral immunotherapy: clinical desensitization and modulation of the allergic response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127: 654-60.
[62] Anagnostou K, Clark A, King Y, Islam S, Deighton J, Ewan P. Efficacy and safety of high-dose peanut oral immunotherapy with factors predicting outcome. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41: 1273-81.
[63] Beyer K, Wahn U. Oral immunotherapy for food allergy in children. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 8: 553-6.
[64] Calvani M, Giorgio V, Miceli SS. Specific oral tolerance induction for food. A systematic review. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 42: 11-9.
[65] Fisher HR, Du TG, Lack G. Specific oral tolerance induction in food allergic children: is oral desensitisation more effective than allergen avoidance. Meta-analysis of published RCTs. Arch Dis Child 2011; 96: 259-64.
[66] E. A. Miles, University of Southampton, UK. Adverse immune reactions to foods. Wood head Publishing Limited, 2013.
[67] Spergel JM, Beausoleil JL, Fiedler JM, Ginsberg J, Wagner K, Pawlowski NA. Correlation of initial food reactions to observed reactions on challenges. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 92: 217-24.
[68] Eigenmann PA, Sampson HA. Interpreting skin prick tests in the evaluation of food allergy in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1998; 9: 186-91.
[69] Spergel JM, Beausoleil JL, Fiedler JM, Ginsberg J, Wagner K, Pawlowski NA. Correlation of initial food reactions to observed reactions on challenges. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 92: 217-24.
[70] Celik-Bilgili S, Mehl A, Verstege A et al. The predictive value of specific immunoglobulin E levels in serum for the outcome of oral food challenges. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35: 268-73.
[71] Sampson HA. Utility of food-specific IgE concentrations in predicting symptomatic food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107: 891-6.
[72] Perry TT, Matsui EC, Kay Conover-Walker M, Wood RA. The relationship of allergen-specific IgE levels and oral food challenge outcome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114: 144-9.
[73] Fogg MI, Brown-Whitehorn TA, Pawlowski NA, Spergel JM. Atopy patch test for the diagnosis of food proteininduced enterocolitis syndrome. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006; 17: 351-5.
[74] Spergel JM, Beausoleil JL, Mascarenhas M, Liacouras CA. The use of skin pricks tests and patch tests to identify causative foods in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 109: 363-8.
[75] Heine RG, Verstege A, Mehl A, Staden U, Rolinck Werninghaus C, Niggemann B. Proposal for a standardized interpretation of the atopy patch test in children with atopic dermatitis and suspected food allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2006; 17: 213-7.
[76] Spergel JM, Brown-Whitehorn T, Beausoleil JL, Shuker M, Liacouras CA. Predictive values for skin prick test and atopy patch test for eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119: 509-11.
[77] Niggemann B. Atopy Patch Test (APT)―its role in diagnosis of food allergy in atopic dermatitis. Indian J Pediatr 2002; 69: 57-9.
[78] Vadas P, Gold M, Perelman B et al. Platelet-activating factor, PAF acetylhydrolase, and severe anaphylaxis. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 28-35.
[79] Yamaki k. yoshino s. preventive and therapeutic effects of rapamycin, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, on food allergy in mice. allergy 2012; 67: 1259-70.
[80] Osterfeld h. finkelman fd. Hogan sp. Differential roles for the IL-9/IL-9 receptor alpha- chain pathway in systemic and oral antigen – induced anaphylaxis. J allergy clinc immunol. 2010; 125: 469-76.
[81] Forbes ee. Brandt eb. Cohen e. al. IL-9-and mast cell mediated intestinal permeability predisposes to oral antigen hypersensitivity. J exp med 2008; 205: 897-913.
[82] Sugimura t. tananari y. ozaky y. ito s. yoshimoto y. effect of oral sodium cromoglycate in 2 children with food dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA). clin pediatr (phila) 2009; 48: 945-50.
[83] Yamaki k. yoshino s. tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib relieves systemic and oral antigen induced anaphylaxis in mice. Allergy 2012; 67: 114-22.
[84] Motzer rj. Hoosen s. Christensen jg. Sunitinib malate for the treatment of solid tumours: Is view of current clinical data. Expert opin investing drug. 2006; 15: 553-61.
Author Information
  • School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Food Enzymology and Food Chemistry, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alfurat, Deir Ezzor, Syria

  • School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Centers of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

  • School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Centers of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

  • School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Centers of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Kamal-Alahmad, Sameh A. Korma, Tao Zhang, Jinfang Zhang. (2016). The Progress of Food Allergy Concept, Classifications and Diagnosis. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 5(4), 234-240. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Kamal-Alahmad; Sameh A. Korma; Tao Zhang; Jinfang Zhang. The Progress of Food Allergy Concept, Classifications and Diagnosis. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2016, 5(4), 234-240. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Kamal-Alahmad, Sameh A. Korma, Tao Zhang, Jinfang Zhang. The Progress of Food Allergy Concept, Classifications and Diagnosis. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2016;5(4):234-240. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.11,
      author = {Kamal-Alahmad and Sameh A. Korma and Tao Zhang and Jinfang Zhang},
      title = {The Progress of Food Allergy Concept, Classifications and Diagnosis},
      journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
      volume = {5},
      number = {4},
      pages = {234-240},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20160504.11},
      abstract = {Food allergies, defined as an immune response to food proteins, affect as many as 8% of young children and 5% of adults in most countries, and their prevalence appears to be rising like all allergic diseases, In addition to well-recognized urticaria and anaphylaxis triggered by IgE antibody-mediated immune responses. Food allergy is a rapidly growing public health concern because of its increasing prevalence and life-threatening potential. Food allergic reaction can be further subdivided into IgE mediated and non IgE mediated. The diagnosis of food allergy is made from the history, supported by investigations and by responses to avoidance of specific food triggers. So in this work we want to introduce some concepts in food allergy such as classification of allergic and diagnosis of food triggers and finally how to manage this problem and minimize the prevalence of food allergy.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Progress of Food Allergy Concept, Classifications and Diagnosis
    AU  - Kamal-Alahmad
    AU  - Sameh A. Korma
    AU  - Tao Zhang
    AU  - Jinfang Zhang
    Y1  - 2016/06/04
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.11
    T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    SP  - 234
    EP  - 240
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2716
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.11
    AB  - Food allergies, defined as an immune response to food proteins, affect as many as 8% of young children and 5% of adults in most countries, and their prevalence appears to be rising like all allergic diseases, In addition to well-recognized urticaria and anaphylaxis triggered by IgE antibody-mediated immune responses. Food allergy is a rapidly growing public health concern because of its increasing prevalence and life-threatening potential. Food allergic reaction can be further subdivided into IgE mediated and non IgE mediated. The diagnosis of food allergy is made from the history, supported by investigations and by responses to avoidance of specific food triggers. So in this work we want to introduce some concepts in food allergy such as classification of allergic and diagnosis of food triggers and finally how to manage this problem and minimize the prevalence of food allergy.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections