International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences

| Peer-Reviewed |

Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Selected Government and Private Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Received: 04 October 2014    Accepted: 14 October 2014    Published: 30 October 2014
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Background: Changes in the nutritional intake combined with increasingly sedentary life styles and increasing urbanization has led to the emergence of chronic disease as a major new health threat. Objective: To assess and compare nutritional status of adolescents and analyze the risk factors associated to/with overweight/obesity in government and private secondary schools of Addis Ababa, 2012. Methods: A comparative cross sectional study comprising 1024 adolescents of government and private secondary schools of Addis Ababa was conducted from February 02, 2012 to June 28, 2012. Information on socio-demographic data, eating habits and physical activity was collected using interviews. Measurements on weight and height were made using standardized weighing scales and measuring boards, respectively. Height-for-age and body mass index-for-age were compared to the 2007 WHO growth reference. Data were entered using Epi info version 3.5.1, WHO AnthroPlus and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Overall, the prevalence of stunting (low height-for-age), underweight (low body mass index-for-age) and overweight/obese (high body mass index-for-age) in all school adolescents was 7.2% (95% CI; 5.8, 9.0), 6.2% (95% CI; 4.9, 8.0) and 8.5% (95% CI; 6.9, 10.4), respectively. Adolescents in government schools were significantly more likely to be undernourished [stunting; 51(10.0%) versus 23(4.5%) and underweight; 36(7.0%) versus 28(5.5%)] compared to their counterparts in private schools (P-value <0.05). Adolescents in private schools were overweight/obese compared to those in government schools [65(12.7%) versus 22(4.3%); OR=3.2 (95% CI; 1.9, 5.3)]. Conclusions and recommendations: The findings of this investigation showed that being in a private school, lacking daily breakfast and consumption of animal products more than once a day are significantly associated with overweight/Obese during adolescence. Results of this study emphasize the need for educational interventions at early ages involving the whole family to promote optimal nutritional status.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.13
Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2014)
Page(s) 504-514
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Comparative Cross Sectional, Nutritional Status, Adolescents, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

References
[1] Ahmad H, Liaqat P, Paracha PI, Qayyum A and Uppal A. Assessment of Nutritional Status of Adolescents versus Eating Practices in Islamabad City. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, vol. 8(8), pp.1304-08, 2009.
[2] Meseret Y. Anthropometric Assessment of Adolescent Malnutrition in Elementary and Secondary Schools of Ambo Town,West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. MPH thesis, Addis Ababa University, 2008.
[3] Afework M, Fitsum H, Barbara S, Gideon K, Vincent L, Zenebe A et al. Nutritional Status of Adolescent Girls from Rural Communities of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. EthiopJHealth Dev, vol. 23(1), pp.5-11, 2009.
[4] Anyika J, Uwaegbute, Olojede A and Nwamarah J. Nutrient Intakes of Adolescent Girls in Secondary Schools and Universities in Abia State of Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, vol. 8(10), pp.1596-602, 2009.
[5] Kalhan M, Vashisht B, kumar V and Sharma S. Nutritional Status of adolescent girls of rural Haryana.The Internet Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 8(1), pp.67-75, 2010.
[6] Carvalho IH, Francescantonio M, Neutzling M and Taddei A. Risk factors for overweight and obesity in adolescents of a Brazilian university: a case-control study. Nutr Hosp, vol. 24, pp.17-24, 2009.
[7] VanderKloet M. Dual Burden of Malnutrition in Andhra Pradesh, India: Identification of Independent Predictors for Underweight and Overweight in Adolescents with Overweight Mothers. Research for Develoipment record¸ September 2008.
[8] WHO. Developing countries face double burdened of disease, bulletin of the WHO, 82(7) Genebra, July 2004.
[9] David H, Mc Carth, Sandra M and Tim J. Central overweight and obesity in British youth aged 11-16 years: cross sectional surveys of waist circumference. BMJ, vol. 326(7390), pp.624, 2004.
[10] Stice E, Presnell K and Shaw H. Psychological and Behavioral Risk Factors for Obesity Onset in Adolescent Girls: A Prospective Study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 73(2), pp.195-202, 2005.
[11] Stray-Pedersen M, Helsing R, Gibbons L, Cormick G, Holmen T, Vik T et al. Weight status and hypertension among adolescent girls in Argentina and Norway: Data from the ENNyS and HUNT studies. BMC Public Health, vol. 9, pp. 398, Oct 2009.
[12] Deshmukh P, Gupta S, Bharambe M, Dongre M, Kaur S and Garg B. Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Rural Wardha Indian. J Pediatrics,vol.73 (2), pp.139-41, 2006.
[13] WHO anthroplus manual. Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. Geneva, Switzerland, 2009.
[14] Zeleke A. Prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity among elementary school students in Addis Ababa: duble burden of malnutrition in Ethiopia. .Addis Ababa University Libraries Electronic Thesis and Dissertations, November 2007.
[15] Reilly JJ et al. Childhood obesity in United Kingdom. British Medical Journal, September 2003.
[16] Weight control Information Network, WIN.statistics related to overweight and obesity. NIDDK, 2010.
[17] Jildeh C, Papandreou C, Mourad TA, Hatzis C, Kafatos A, Qasrawi R et al. Assessing the Nutritional Status of Palestinian Adolescents from East Jerusalem: School-based Study. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2002-03.
[18] Jackson M, Samms-Vaughan M and Ashley D. Nutritional status of 11-12 years-old Jamaican children: coexistence of under and over-nutrition in early adolescence. Public Health Nutr, vol. 5(2), pp.281-288, 2002.
[19] WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia New Delhi. Improvement of Nutritional Status of Adolescents. Report of the Regional Meeting Chandigarh, India, 17-19 September 2002.
[20] Wang Y. Cross-sectional comparison of childhood obesity: The epidemic and the relationship between obesity and socio-economic status International journal of Epidemiology, vol.30, pp.1129-36, 2001.
[21] Ejike EC, Ugwu EC and Ezeanyika L. Physical Growth and Nutritional Status of a Cohort of Semi-Urban Nigerian Adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, vol. 9(4), pp.392-397, 2010.
[22] Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Boyce WF, King MA and Pickett W. Overweight and obesity in Canadian adolescents and their associationswith dietary habits and physical activity patterns. J Adolesc Health, vol. 35, pp.360-7, 2004.
[23] Celi F, Bini V, De-Giorgi G et al. Epidemiology of overweight and obesity among school children and adolescents in three provinces of central Italy: study of potential influencing variables. Eur. J. Clin Nutr, vol. 57, pp.1045-51, 2003.
[24] Dietz WH. Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity. Am.J. Clin. Nutr, vol.59, pp.955-9, 1994.
[25] National Center for Health Statistics. Update: Prevalence of overweight among children, adolescents and adults, United States. Morb Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 46(9), pp. 199-201, 1997.
[26] Izaga M, Rocandio A, Ansotegui L, Apalauza P, Salces I and Ochoa E. Diet quality, overweight and obesity in university students. Nutr Hosp, vol. 21, pp.673-9, 2006.
[27] Jiménez-Cruz A, Bacardí-Gascón M and Jones E. Consumption of fruits, vegetables, soft drinks, and high-fat-containing snacks among Mexican children on the Mexico-U.S. border. Arch Med Res, vol.33, pp.74-80, 2002.
[28] Kumar B, Holmboe-Ottesen G, Lien N and Wandel M. Ethnic differences in body mass index and associated factors of adolescents from minorities in Oslo, Norway: a cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr, vol.7, pp.999-1008, 2004.
[29] Ruxton CHS and Kirk TR. Breakfast: a review of associations with measures of dietary intake, physiology and biochemistry. Br J Nutr, vol.78, pp.199-213, 1997.
[30] Sjoberg A, Hallberg L, Hoglund D and Hulthen L. Meal pattern, food choice, nutrient intake and lifestyle factors in the Goteborg Adolescence Study. Eur J Clin Nutr, vol.57, pp.1569-78, 2003.
[31] National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity. Overweight, obesity, and health risk. Arch Intern Med, vol. 160(7), pp.898-904, 2000.
[32] Marshall SJ, Biddle SJ, Gorely T, Cameron N and Murdey I. Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, vol.28, pp.1238-46, 2004.
Author Information
  • Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department Public health, Medical faculty, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Midwifery, college of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

  • Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Yoseph Gebreyohannes, Solomon Shiferaw, Balem Demtsu, Gessessew Bugssa. (2014). Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Selected Government and Private Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3(6), 504-514. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.13

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Yoseph Gebreyohannes; Solomon Shiferaw; Balem Demtsu; Gessessew Bugssa. Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Selected Government and Private Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014, 3(6), 504-514. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.13

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Yoseph Gebreyohannes, Solomon Shiferaw, Balem Demtsu, Gessessew Bugssa. Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Selected Government and Private Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;3(6):504-514. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.13

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.13,
      author = {Yoseph Gebreyohannes and Solomon Shiferaw and Balem Demtsu and Gessessew Bugssa},
      title = {Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Selected Government and Private Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia},
      journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {6},
      pages = {504-514},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20140306.13},
      abstract = {Background: Changes in the nutritional intake combined with increasingly sedentary life styles and increasing urbanization has led to the emergence of chronic disease as a major new health threat. Objective: To assess and compare nutritional status of adolescents and analyze the risk factors associated to/with overweight/obesity in government and private secondary schools of Addis Ababa, 2012. Methods: A comparative cross sectional study comprising 1024 adolescents of government and private secondary schools of Addis Ababa was conducted from February 02, 2012 to June 28, 2012. Information on socio-demographic data, eating habits and physical activity was collected using interviews. Measurements on weight and height were made using standardized weighing scales and measuring boards, respectively. Height-for-age and body mass index-for-age were compared to the 2007 WHO growth reference. Data were entered using Epi info version 3.5.1, WHO AnthroPlus and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Overall, the prevalence of stunting (low height-for-age), underweight (low body mass index-for-age) and overweight/obese (high body mass index-for-age) in all school adolescents was 7.2% (95% CI; 5.8, 9.0), 6.2% (95% CI; 4.9, 8.0) and 8.5% (95% CI; 6.9, 10.4), respectively. Adolescents in government schools were significantly more likely to be undernourished [stunting; 51(10.0%) versus 23(4.5%) and underweight; 36(7.0%) versus 28(5.5%)] compared to their counterparts in private schools (P-value <0.05). Adolescents in private schools were overweight/obese compared to those in government schools [65(12.7%) versus 22(4.3%); OR=3.2 (95% CI; 1.9, 5.3)]. Conclusions and recommendations: The findings of this investigation showed that being in a private school, lacking daily breakfast and consumption of animal products more than once a day are significantly associated with overweight/Obese during adolescence. Results of this study emphasize the need for educational interventions at early ages involving the whole family to promote optimal nutritional status.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Nutritional Status of Adolescents in Selected Government and Private Secondary Schools of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    AU  - Yoseph Gebreyohannes
    AU  - Solomon Shiferaw
    AU  - Balem Demtsu
    AU  - Gessessew Bugssa
    Y1  - 2014/10/30
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.13
    T2  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    SP  - 504
    EP  - 514
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2716
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.13
    AB  - Background: Changes in the nutritional intake combined with increasingly sedentary life styles and increasing urbanization has led to the emergence of chronic disease as a major new health threat. Objective: To assess and compare nutritional status of adolescents and analyze the risk factors associated to/with overweight/obesity in government and private secondary schools of Addis Ababa, 2012. Methods: A comparative cross sectional study comprising 1024 adolescents of government and private secondary schools of Addis Ababa was conducted from February 02, 2012 to June 28, 2012. Information on socio-demographic data, eating habits and physical activity was collected using interviews. Measurements on weight and height were made using standardized weighing scales and measuring boards, respectively. Height-for-age and body mass index-for-age were compared to the 2007 WHO growth reference. Data were entered using Epi info version 3.5.1, WHO AnthroPlus and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Overall, the prevalence of stunting (low height-for-age), underweight (low body mass index-for-age) and overweight/obese (high body mass index-for-age) in all school adolescents was 7.2% (95% CI; 5.8, 9.0), 6.2% (95% CI; 4.9, 8.0) and 8.5% (95% CI; 6.9, 10.4), respectively. Adolescents in government schools were significantly more likely to be undernourished [stunting; 51(10.0%) versus 23(4.5%) and underweight; 36(7.0%) versus 28(5.5%)] compared to their counterparts in private schools (P-value <0.05). Adolescents in private schools were overweight/obese compared to those in government schools [65(12.7%) versus 22(4.3%); OR=3.2 (95% CI; 1.9, 5.3)]. Conclusions and recommendations: The findings of this investigation showed that being in a private school, lacking daily breakfast and consumption of animal products more than once a day are significantly associated with overweight/Obese during adolescence. Results of this study emphasize the need for educational interventions at early ages involving the whole family to promote optimal nutritional status.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections