American Journal of Nursing Science

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Cold Application and Breathing Exercises to Reduce Pain and Anxiety During Chest Tube Removal

Received: 04 May 2017    Accepted: 18 May 2017    Published: 04 July 2017
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Abstract

Chest tube insertion following chest trauma or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery is a frequent practice. Patients who undergo chest tube removal experience moderate to severe pain. Patients always described chest tube removal as a painful and frightening experience. Cold application and deep breathing exercise are effective non-pharmacological techniques to reduce pain and anxiety during chest tube removal. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of cold application and breathing exercises technique on pain and anxiety level during chest tube removal. A convenient sample of 120 patients. A quasi experimental design was used (study/control). Surgical intensive care unites at Menoufia University Hospital, Shebin EL-Kome. Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS) used to measure pain intensity during chest tube removal. Hamilton Anxiety Scale used to measure the anxiety level during chest tube removal. There was a statistically significant difference between study and control group regarding pain intensity post intervention. There was a statistically significant difference between study and control group regarding anxiety level post intervention. Using cold application and breathing exercise during chest tube removal is an effective practice to reduce pain intensity and anxiety level during chest tube removal. Encourage critical care nurses to develop practice guidelines for pain management during chest tube removal including application of cold and deep breathing exercise as a non pharmacological measure during chest tube removal.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.12
Published in American Journal of Nursing Science (Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2017)
Page(s) 285-292
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chest Tube Removal, Pain, Anxiety, Breathing Exercises, Cold Application

References
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[2] Demir Y, Khorshid L. The effect of cold application in combination with standard analgesic administration on pain and anxiety during chest tube removal: A single- blinded, randomized, double-controlled study. Pain Manag Nurs. (2010); 11: 186-96.
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[5] Seers, K. and Dawn C. Relaxation techniques for acute pain management: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing (1998); March. 27 (3): 466 -475.
[6] Friesner SA, Curry DM, Moddeman GR. Comparison of two pain management strategies during chest tube removal: relaxation exercise with opioids and opioids alone. Heart Lung (2006); 35 (4): 269-76.
[7] Etoch SL, Ulcer S, Codkun O, man L E, K Anatli Y. Cold therapy in migraine patients: Open labels, Non controlled, pilot study. Evidence based Complement Alternat Med. Dec J. (2006); 3(4): 489-93.
[8] Broscious SK. Music: an intervention for pain during chest tube removal after open heart surgery. American Journal of Critical Care (1999); 8, 410–415.
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[13] Biteman, K., and Dalton, T. Management of procedural pain: Empowering nurses to care for patients through clinical nurse specialist consultation and intervention. Clinical Nurse Specialist (2009); 23 (3): 131–137.
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[18] Casey E, Bostanci K, Kuriakose D, McGeary S, Hayes N, Phelan D, Buggy D. The Effect of Cold Application in Combination with Standard Analgesic Administration on Pain and Anxiety during Chest Tube Removal: A Single-Blinded, Randomized, Double- Controlled Study. Pain Management Nursing (2008). 11(3), September: 186–196.
[19] Sauls J. The use of ice for pain associated with chest tube removal. Pain Manag Nurs. (2002); 3: 44-52.
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Author Information
  • Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University, Shebin AL Khom, Egypt

  • Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University, Shebin AL Khom, Egypt

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  • APA Style

    Naglaa Mohamed EL Mokadem, Shimaa EL-Sayed Ibraheem. (2017). Cold Application and Breathing Exercises to Reduce Pain and Anxiety During Chest Tube Removal. American Journal of Nursing Science, 6(4), 285-292. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.12

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    ACS Style

    Naglaa Mohamed EL Mokadem; Shimaa EL-Sayed Ibraheem. Cold Application and Breathing Exercises to Reduce Pain and Anxiety During Chest Tube Removal. Am. J. Nurs. Sci. 2017, 6(4), 285-292. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.12

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    AMA Style

    Naglaa Mohamed EL Mokadem, Shimaa EL-Sayed Ibraheem. Cold Application and Breathing Exercises to Reduce Pain and Anxiety During Chest Tube Removal. Am J Nurs Sci. 2017;6(4):285-292. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.12,
      author = {Naglaa Mohamed EL Mokadem and Shimaa EL-Sayed Ibraheem},
      title = {Cold Application and Breathing Exercises to Reduce Pain and Anxiety During Chest Tube Removal},
      journal = {American Journal of Nursing Science},
      volume = {6},
      number = {4},
      pages = {285-292},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajns.20170604.12},
      abstract = {Chest tube insertion following chest trauma or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery is a frequent practice. Patients who undergo chest tube removal experience moderate to severe pain. Patients always described chest tube removal as a painful and frightening experience. Cold application and deep breathing exercise are effective non-pharmacological techniques to reduce pain and anxiety during chest tube removal. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of cold application and breathing exercises technique on pain and anxiety level during chest tube removal. A convenient sample of 120 patients. A quasi experimental design was used (study/control). Surgical intensive care unites at Menoufia University Hospital, Shebin EL-Kome. Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS) used to measure pain intensity during chest tube removal. Hamilton Anxiety Scale used to measure the anxiety level during chest tube removal. There was a statistically significant difference between study and control group regarding pain intensity post intervention. There was a statistically significant difference between study and control group regarding anxiety level post intervention. Using cold application and breathing exercise during chest tube removal is an effective practice to reduce pain intensity and anxiety level during chest tube removal. Encourage critical care nurses to develop practice guidelines for pain management during chest tube removal including application of cold and deep breathing exercise as a non pharmacological measure during chest tube removal.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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    T1  - Cold Application and Breathing Exercises to Reduce Pain and Anxiety During Chest Tube Removal
    AU  - Naglaa Mohamed EL Mokadem
    AU  - Shimaa EL-Sayed Ibraheem
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    T2  - American Journal of Nursing Science
    JF  - American Journal of Nursing Science
    JO  - American Journal of Nursing Science
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20170604.12
    AB  - Chest tube insertion following chest trauma or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery is a frequent practice. Patients who undergo chest tube removal experience moderate to severe pain. Patients always described chest tube removal as a painful and frightening experience. Cold application and deep breathing exercise are effective non-pharmacological techniques to reduce pain and anxiety during chest tube removal. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of cold application and breathing exercises technique on pain and anxiety level during chest tube removal. A convenient sample of 120 patients. A quasi experimental design was used (study/control). Surgical intensive care unites at Menoufia University Hospital, Shebin EL-Kome. Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS) used to measure pain intensity during chest tube removal. Hamilton Anxiety Scale used to measure the anxiety level during chest tube removal. There was a statistically significant difference between study and control group regarding pain intensity post intervention. There was a statistically significant difference between study and control group regarding anxiety level post intervention. Using cold application and breathing exercise during chest tube removal is an effective practice to reduce pain intensity and anxiety level during chest tube removal. Encourage critical care nurses to develop practice guidelines for pain management during chest tube removal including application of cold and deep breathing exercise as a non pharmacological measure during chest tube removal.
    VL  - 6
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