| Peer-Reviewed

Impact of a Planned Sexual Harassment Protective Program on Feeling of Safety and Self Confidence among Adolescent Girls

Received: 27 May 2015    Accepted: 9 June 2015    Published: 7 July 2015
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Background: Sexual harassment is a widespread phenomenon among adolescents. Its emergence is correlated to biological development; this behavior is neither normative nor socially appropriate given the negative impact on victims and its association with other aggressive and violent behavior. Enhancing adolescents’ self-confidence is helpful in empowering then to feel safe and protected against this antisocial phenomenon. Aim: is to assess the impact of a planned sexual harassment protective program on feeling of safety and self confidence among adolescent girls. Design: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted in two secondary schools at Menoufia Governerate: (1) El-Sanawia banat old secondary school. (2) El-Sanawia banat new secondary school. Sample: a number of 100 secondary school adolescent girls were selected randomly from the previously mentioned settings. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection. Tool one: Students’ knowledge questionnaire: it consisted of two parts. Part one: a structured: socio-demographic questionnaire to obtain demographic data about the studied sample. Part two: - sexual harassment structured questionnaire. Tool two: Five points Likert- scale structured questionnaire regarding degree of self confidence and felling of safety of adolescent girls. .Results: The results of the current study showed that, there were highly statistically significant differences between pre and after implementation of planned sexual harassment protective program of studied group regarding their level of confidence in their abilities and their actions for facing sexual harassment. Also, highly statistically significant differences were found between pre and after implementation of planned sexual harassment protective program of studied group concerning levels of self confidence and feeling of safety where p: (<0.001). Conclusion: it was concluded that, adolescent girls had significant improvement in their feeling of safety and self confidence after utilization of a planned sexual harassment protective program .Recommendation: the study recommended to urgently utilize a planned sexual harassment protective programs for all adolescent girls as a mean to protect themselves and enhance their feeling of safety and self confidence regarding this negative phenomenon.

Published in American Journal of Nursing Science (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajns.20150404.17
Page(s) 190-199
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sexual Harassment, Safety, Self Confidence

References
[1] The Egyptian Center for Women's Rights. "Clouds in Egypt's Sky" Sexual Harassment: from Verbal Harassment to Rape, A Sociological Study, Egypt. 2008; 1:6-11.
[2] Gruber J and Fineran S. The impact of bullying and sexual harassment on middle and high school girls. Violence against Women. 2008; 13, 627-643.
[3] The National Council for Women {NCW}, Egypt violence against women study: summary report.2009.
[4] Shattla S. Psychological impact of sexual harassment among monufia university student. (Unpublished Master's Thesis). Faculty of nursing. Monufia University, Egypt.2012; 75-77.
[5] Menesini E and Nocentini A. Dating aggression in adolescence. Giornale Italiano di. Psicologia. 2008; 2: 405-430.
[6] Chiodo D, Wolfe D A, Crooks C, et al. Impact of sexual harassment victimization by peers on subsequent adolescent victimization and adjustment: A longitudinal Study. J. Adol. Heal. 2009; 45:246-252.
[7] Frank, R. Functional or futile: the (in) utility of methodological critiques of genetic research on racial disparities in health. A commentary on Kaufman’s ‘‘Epidemiologic analysis of racial/ethnic disparities: some fundamental issues and a cautionary example’’. Social Science & Medicine. 2008; 66(8): 1670- 1674.
[8] Link S. Self-esteem in adolescence. Adolescent's psychiatric journal. 2006; 123:186-192.
[9] American Association of University Women. Hostile hallways: Bullying, teasing, and sexual harassment in school. Washington, DC: American Association of University Women. 2001.
[10] McMaster L E, Connolly J A, Pepler D J, et al. Peer to peer sexual harassment in early adolescence: A developmental perspective. Development and Psychopathology. 2002; 14: 91-105.
[11] The Egyptian Center for Women's Rights {ECWR}. “Summary of the monitoring report with a gender perspective on the current People’s Assembly election 2011” accessed 16 April 2012 at http://www.1000 peacewomen.org/upload/120122%.
[12] Lazarus et al. Cenozoic Planktonic Marine Diatom Diversity and Correlation to Climate Change. PLOS One. 2014;9(1): e84857. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084857.
[13] Catherine Hill and Holly Kearl. Crossing the Line: Sexual harassment at school. 2011, Library of Congress Control Number: 2011940886 ISBN: 978-1-879922-41-9. Published by AAUW.1111 Sixteenth St. NW. Washington, DC 20036.Phone: 202/785-7700.E-mail: connect@aauw.org Web: www.aauw.org.
[14] Timmerman G. A comparison between girls’ and boys’ experiences of unwanted sexual behavior in secondary schools. Educational Research. 2005. 47(3): 291-306
[15] Gruber JE, Fineran S. The impact of bullying and sexual harassment on middle and high school girls. Viol Against Women 2007; 13:627–43.
[16] Marwa J G. Issues on students’ safety in secondary schools in Kuria District, Nyanza Province. (Unpublished Masters Thesis). Kenyatta University. 2012.
[17] Street AE, Gradus JL, Stafford J, et al. Gender differences in experiences of sexual harassment: Data from a male-dominated environment. J Consult Clin Psychol 2007;75:464–74.
[18] Lunenburg F C. Sexual harassment: An abuse of power. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration. 2010; 13 (1), 1-7.
[19] Equal Opportunities Commission {EOC}.Study on Students’ Sexual Attitudes and Views on Sexual Harassment. Department of Special Education and Counseling the Hong Kong Institute of Education. 2013
[20] Ngakane M V, Muthukrishna N & Ngcobo JE. Experiencing violence in schools: Voices of learners in Lesotho context. Anthropologist. 2012; 14 (1), 39-48.
[21] El Shaer, M. Sexual harassment in Arab society, Gaza, House of Fath for Eastern Studies, 2010: 33-34.
[22] Hashmi A, Rehman A, Butt Z, Aftab M, et al. Gender discrimination among medical students in Pakistan: a cross sectional survey. Pakistan J Med Sci. 2013; 29(2):449–453.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Jaklein R. Younis, Mona A. Elnagar, Mervat M. Atia. (2015). Impact of a Planned Sexual Harassment Protective Program on Feeling of Safety and Self Confidence among Adolescent Girls. American Journal of Nursing Science, 4(4), 190-199. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20150404.17

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Jaklein R. Younis; Mona A. Elnagar; Mervat M. Atia. Impact of a Planned Sexual Harassment Protective Program on Feeling of Safety and Self Confidence among Adolescent Girls. Am. J. Nurs. Sci. 2015, 4(4), 190-199. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.20150404.17

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Jaklein R. Younis, Mona A. Elnagar, Mervat M. Atia. Impact of a Planned Sexual Harassment Protective Program on Feeling of Safety and Self Confidence among Adolescent Girls. Am J Nurs Sci. 2015;4(4):190-199. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.20150404.17

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajns.20150404.17,
      author = {Jaklein R. Younis and Mona A. Elnagar and Mervat M. Atia},
      title = {Impact of a Planned Sexual Harassment Protective Program on Feeling of Safety and Self Confidence among Adolescent Girls},
      journal = {American Journal of Nursing Science},
      volume = {4},
      number = {4},
      pages = {190-199},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajns.20150404.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20150404.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajns.20150404.17},
      abstract = {Background: Sexual harassment is a widespread phenomenon among adolescents. Its emergence is correlated to biological development; this behavior is neither normative nor socially appropriate given the negative impact on victims and its association with other aggressive and violent behavior. Enhancing adolescents’ self-confidence is helpful in empowering then to feel safe and protected against this antisocial phenomenon. Aim: is to assess the impact of a planned sexual harassment protective program on feeling of safety and self confidence among adolescent girls. Design: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted in two secondary schools at Menoufia Governerate: (1) El-Sanawia banat old secondary school. (2) El-Sanawia banat new secondary school. Sample: a number of 100 secondary school adolescent girls were selected randomly from the previously mentioned settings. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection. Tool one: Students’ knowledge questionnaire: it consisted of two parts. Part one: a structured: socio-demographic questionnaire to obtain demographic data about the studied sample. Part two: - sexual harassment structured questionnaire. Tool two: Five points Likert- scale structured questionnaire regarding degree of self confidence and felling of safety of adolescent girls. .Results: The results of the current study showed that, there were highly statistically significant differences between pre and after implementation of planned sexual harassment protective program of studied group regarding their level of confidence in their abilities and their actions for facing sexual harassment. Also, highly statistically significant differences were found between pre and after implementation of planned sexual harassment protective program of studied group concerning levels of self confidence and feeling of safety where p: (<0.001). Conclusion: it was concluded that, adolescent girls had significant improvement in their feeling of safety and self confidence after utilization of a planned sexual harassment protective program .Recommendation: the study recommended to urgently utilize a planned sexual harassment protective programs for all adolescent girls as a mean to protect themselves and enhance their feeling of safety and self confidence regarding this negative phenomenon.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Impact of a Planned Sexual Harassment Protective Program on Feeling of Safety and Self Confidence among Adolescent Girls
    AU  - Jaklein R. Younis
    AU  - Mona A. Elnagar
    AU  - Mervat M. Atia
    Y1  - 2015/07/07
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20150404.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajns.20150404.17
    T2  - American Journal of Nursing Science
    JF  - American Journal of Nursing Science
    JO  - American Journal of Nursing Science
    SP  - 190
    EP  - 199
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5753
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20150404.17
    AB  - Background: Sexual harassment is a widespread phenomenon among adolescents. Its emergence is correlated to biological development; this behavior is neither normative nor socially appropriate given the negative impact on victims and its association with other aggressive and violent behavior. Enhancing adolescents’ self-confidence is helpful in empowering then to feel safe and protected against this antisocial phenomenon. Aim: is to assess the impact of a planned sexual harassment protective program on feeling of safety and self confidence among adolescent girls. Design: A quasi experimental research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted in two secondary schools at Menoufia Governerate: (1) El-Sanawia banat old secondary school. (2) El-Sanawia banat new secondary school. Sample: a number of 100 secondary school adolescent girls were selected randomly from the previously mentioned settings. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection. Tool one: Students’ knowledge questionnaire: it consisted of two parts. Part one: a structured: socio-demographic questionnaire to obtain demographic data about the studied sample. Part two: - sexual harassment structured questionnaire. Tool two: Five points Likert- scale structured questionnaire regarding degree of self confidence and felling of safety of adolescent girls. .Results: The results of the current study showed that, there were highly statistically significant differences between pre and after implementation of planned sexual harassment protective program of studied group regarding their level of confidence in their abilities and their actions for facing sexual harassment. Also, highly statistically significant differences were found between pre and after implementation of planned sexual harassment protective program of studied group concerning levels of self confidence and feeling of safety where p: (<0.001). Conclusion: it was concluded that, adolescent girls had significant improvement in their feeling of safety and self confidence after utilization of a planned sexual harassment protective program .Recommendation: the study recommended to urgently utilize a planned sexual harassment protective programs for all adolescent girls as a mean to protect themselves and enhance their feeling of safety and self confidence regarding this negative phenomenon.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Paediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt

  • Department of psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt

  • Department of psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt

  • Sections