American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics

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A Screening Experiment on a Diabetes Mellitus Herbal Formulation

Received: 15 October 2016    Accepted: 27 October 2016    Published: 18 November 2016
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Abstract

Screening experiments are usually performed on mixtures in order to determine the experimental variables that have significant influence on the targeted response. In this study, a screening experiment was carried out on a herbal formulation prescribed by a registered Kenyan herbalist to diabetes mellitus type II patients. The herbal formulation was composed of the following six herbs: Utica dioica, Moringaoleifera, Cinnamomum verum, Azadirachta indica, Momordica charantia and Gymnema sylvestre. The targeted response was the change that had occurred in blood glucose level 2 hours after the herbal drug treatment had been administered to alloxan induced diabetic albino wistar rats. An axial mixture design with replicated centre points was adopted and a first degree mixture model fitted to the data. The axial mixture design was constructed using Design Expert® software with randomly distributed 23 design points positioned on the component axes. The analysis of the data was carried out using the R statistical software environment. The results showed that Cinnamomum verum and Azadirachta indica caused the highest change individually on the blood glucose level among the six herbs. The complete mixture of the six herbs registered the lowest reduction in the blood glucose level. We recommend that the two herbs, Cinnamomum verum and Azadirachta indica, be tested farther to find out the most optimal conditions for their extraction in terms of temperature and time so as to produce a maximum reduction on the blood glucose level. In addition, we recommend that this study be extended to higher animals to establish whether the same patterns would be observed and also obtain the appropriate dosage levels.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajtas.20160506.18
Published in American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics (Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2016)
Page(s) 387-394
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Screening Mixtures, Axial Design, Experiment, Herbal Medicine, Diabetes Mellitus

References
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[3] American Diabetes Association, ADA, “Standards of medical care in diabetes-2016,” Diabetes Care, 39 (suppl 1), S1- S106, 2016.
[4] American Diabetes Association, “Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus,” Diabetes Care, 34 (suppl 1), S62- S69, 2011.
[5] Chang, C. L. T., Lin, Y., Bartolome, A. P., Yi-Ching, C., Shao-Chih, C. & Wen-Chin, Y., “Herbal therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Chemistry, Biology and potential application of selected plants and compounds,” Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine-33-Article ID 378657.http://dxdoi.org /10.1155/2013/378657, 2013.
[6] Cornell, J. A., Experiments with Mixtures: designs, models and the analysis of mixture data, 3rdEdition,New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,2002.
[7] Cornell, J. A., Experiments with Mixtures: Designs, Models and the Analysis of Mixture Data, 2ndEdition,New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1990.
[8] Design-Expert® User’s Guide, Split-plot Tutorial, Stat-Ease, Inc. Minneapolis, 2016.
[9] Design-Expert® Software Version 10, State-Ease Inc, Minneapolis, 2016.
[10] Dwivedi, C., Daspaul, S., “Antidiabetic herbal drug and polyherbal formulation used for diabetes: a review,” Journal of Phytopharmacology,2(3), 44-51, 2013.
[11] Goos, P. and Bradley, J., Optimal Design of Experiments: A Case Study Approach, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2011.
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[14] Matheka, D. M. and Alkizim, F. O., “Complementary and alternative medicine for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Role of medicinal herbs,” Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 3(4), 44-56, 2012.
[15] Mcferran, L., “Obstacles to diabetes care in Kenya,”Medical Journal of Therapeutics Africa, 2(2), 127-129, 2008.
[16] Odey, M. O., Iwara, I. A., Ubiba, U. U., Johnson, J. T., Inekwe, U. V., Asenye, M. E. and Victor, O.,“Preparation of Plant Extracts from indigenous medicinal plants,”International Journal Science and Technology, 1 (12), 688-692, 2012.
[17] Ozougwu, J. C., Obimba, K. C., Belonwu, C. D. and Unakalamba, C. B., “The pathogenesis and phathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus,” Journal of Physiology and Pathophysiology, 4(4), 46-57, 2013.
[18] Reagan, S. S., Nihal, M. and Ahmad, N.,“Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited,”The FASEB Journal, 22(3), 659-661, 2007.
[19] Sangal, A.,“Role of Cinnamon as beneficial ant diabetic food Adjunct: a review,” Advances in Applied Sciences Research, 2(4), 440-450, 2011.
[20] Shaw, J. E., Sicree, R. A. andZimmet, P.Z.,“Global estimates of the prevalence of Diabetes for 2010 and 2030,”Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 87(1), 4-14, 2010.
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Author Information
  • Department of Physical Sciences, Chuka University, Chuka, Kenya

  • Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya

  • Department of Zoological Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya

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  • APA Style

    Gladys Gakenia Njoroge, Joseph Arap Koske, Jemimah Ayuma Simbauni. (2016). A Screening Experiment on a Diabetes Mellitus Herbal Formulation. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(6), 387-394. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160506.18

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    ACS Style

    Gladys Gakenia Njoroge; Joseph Arap Koske; Jemimah Ayuma Simbauni. A Screening Experiment on a Diabetes Mellitus Herbal Formulation. Am. J. Theor. Appl. Stat. 2016, 5(6), 387-394. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20160506.18

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    AMA Style

    Gladys Gakenia Njoroge, Joseph Arap Koske, Jemimah Ayuma Simbauni. A Screening Experiment on a Diabetes Mellitus Herbal Formulation. Am J Theor Appl Stat. 2016;5(6):387-394. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtas.20160506.18

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajtas.20160506.18,
      author = {Gladys Gakenia Njoroge and Joseph Arap Koske and Jemimah Ayuma Simbauni},
      title = {A Screening Experiment on a Diabetes Mellitus Herbal Formulation},
      journal = {American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics},
      volume = {5},
      number = {6},
      pages = {387-394},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajtas.20160506.18},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160506.18},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajtas.20160506.18},
      abstract = {Screening experiments are usually performed on mixtures in order to determine the experimental variables that have significant influence on the targeted response. In this study, a screening experiment was carried out on a herbal formulation prescribed by a registered Kenyan herbalist to diabetes mellitus type II patients. The herbal formulation was composed of the following six herbs: Utica dioica, Moringaoleifera, Cinnamomum verum, Azadirachta indica, Momordica charantia and Gymnema sylvestre. The targeted response was the change that had occurred in blood glucose level 2 hours after the herbal drug treatment had been administered to alloxan induced diabetic albino wistar rats. An axial mixture design with replicated centre points was adopted and a first degree mixture model fitted to the data. The axial mixture design was constructed using Design Expert® software with randomly distributed 23 design points positioned on the component axes. The analysis of the data was carried out using the R statistical software environment. The results showed that Cinnamomum verum and Azadirachta indica caused the highest change individually on the blood glucose level among the six herbs. The complete mixture of the six herbs registered the lowest reduction in the blood glucose level. We recommend that the two herbs, Cinnamomum verum and Azadirachta indica, be tested farther to find out the most optimal conditions for their extraction in terms of temperature and time so as to produce a maximum reduction on the blood glucose level. In addition, we recommend that this study be extended to higher animals to establish whether the same patterns would be observed and also obtain the appropriate dosage levels.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - A Screening Experiment on a Diabetes Mellitus Herbal Formulation
    AU  - Gladys Gakenia Njoroge
    AU  - Joseph Arap Koske
    AU  - Jemimah Ayuma Simbauni
    Y1  - 2016/11/18
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160506.18
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajtas.20160506.18
    T2  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
    JF  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
    JO  - American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
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    EP  - 394
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160506.18
    AB  - Screening experiments are usually performed on mixtures in order to determine the experimental variables that have significant influence on the targeted response. In this study, a screening experiment was carried out on a herbal formulation prescribed by a registered Kenyan herbalist to diabetes mellitus type II patients. The herbal formulation was composed of the following six herbs: Utica dioica, Moringaoleifera, Cinnamomum verum, Azadirachta indica, Momordica charantia and Gymnema sylvestre. The targeted response was the change that had occurred in blood glucose level 2 hours after the herbal drug treatment had been administered to alloxan induced diabetic albino wistar rats. An axial mixture design with replicated centre points was adopted and a first degree mixture model fitted to the data. The axial mixture design was constructed using Design Expert® software with randomly distributed 23 design points positioned on the component axes. The analysis of the data was carried out using the R statistical software environment. The results showed that Cinnamomum verum and Azadirachta indica caused the highest change individually on the blood glucose level among the six herbs. The complete mixture of the six herbs registered the lowest reduction in the blood glucose level. We recommend that the two herbs, Cinnamomum verum and Azadirachta indica, be tested farther to find out the most optimal conditions for their extraction in terms of temperature and time so as to produce a maximum reduction on the blood glucose level. In addition, we recommend that this study be extended to higher animals to establish whether the same patterns would be observed and also obtain the appropriate dosage levels.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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