Comparison of Different Methods to Rectify IKONOS Imagery without Use of Sensor Viewing Geometry.

Oscar Rosario Belfiore; Claudio Parente

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11

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Comparison of Different Methods to Rectify IKONOS Imagery without Use of Sensor Viewing Geometry.

Oscar Rosario Belfiore, Claudio Parente

Published in American Journal of Remote Sensing (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 16 September 2014 Accepted: 6 October 2014 Published: 20 October 2014

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Abstract

Satellite images can be rectified and adapted to map representation also without information about viewing geometry of the sensor. Polynomial Functions (PFs) or Rational Polynomial Functions (RPFs) can be applied for this purpose, both requiring Ground Control Points (GCPs), of which the positions in the image as well as in the real world must be known. Typically for PFs only planimetric (X, Y) positions of GCPs are used while for RPFs 3D coordinates (X, Y, Z) of them as well as a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) of the entire scene are required. Check Points (CPs) with the same characteristics of GCPs (but not coincident with them) are used to better verify the accuracy of the product. Not only topographic survey, but also maps or ortho-photos with adequate resolution supply the coordinates of GCPs as well as CPs. This paper is aimed to compare methods to rectify IKONOS images based on PFs or RPFs applications, considering the positional accuracy of the results as index for performance evaluation. Tests were executed on IKONOS panchromatic image of an area of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, in Campania Region (Italy): ortho-photos (scale 1:10,000) were used for GCPs and CPs planimetric position in the real world while for RPFs applications also DEM (cell size 20 m) was considered as source of 3D information. To compare the selected methods, differences (residuals) between the X, Y coordinates of GCPs (but also of the CPs) on the ortho-photos and corresponding values in the rectified image were calculated and evaluated. The positional accuracy of the resulting products in relation to the method as well as to the number of GCPs was analyzed; also the implications of the calculation of Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) in alternative to the use of the values supplied for them by the image provider were investigated.

Published in	American Journal of Remote Sensing (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11
Page(s)	15-19
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

IKONOS Satellite Imagery, Rectification, Polynomial Functions, Rational Polynomial Functions, Rational Polynomial Coefficients

References

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[3]	M. Herold, J. Scepan, A. Müller and S. Günther, “Object oriented mapping and analysis of urban land use/cover using IKONOS data,” Proceedings of 22nd EARSEL Symposium “Geoinformation for European-wide integration”, Prague, June 2002.
[4]	I. Z. Gitas, C. G. Karydas and G. V. Kazakis, “Land cover mapping of Mediterranean landscapes, using SPOT4 Xi and IKONOS imagery – Preliminary investigation,” Options Mediterraneennes, Series B - n 46, 2003, pp. 27-41.
[5]	M. Basile Giannini, C. Parente, P. Maglione and R. Santamaria, “Cartography and Remote sensing for coastal erosion analysis,” Proceedings of Coastal Process II, 27-29 April, 2011, Naples, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Editors: G. Benassai, C.A. Brebbia, and G. Rodriguez, WIT Press, ISBN: 978-1-84564-534-2, 2011, pp. 65-76.
[6]	A. Errico, F. Guastaferro, C. Parente and R. Santamaria, “Applications on geometric correction of different resolution satellite images,” in Proceedings of the IEEE GOLD Conference 2010, Livorno, Italy, 2010, on-line available: http://ieee.uniparthenope.it/chapter/_private/proc10/29.pdf. Latest access 09/05/2014.
[7]	E.P. Baltsavias, “Geometric transformations and registration of images, orthoimage generation and mosaicking,” Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, ETHZ Zurich, 2000, on-line available: http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:26968/eth-26968-01.pdf#search=%22(keywords_en:GEODESY)%22. Latest access 09/05/2014.
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[11]	I. Parcharidis, M. Foumelis, E. Papageorgiou, M. Segou and V. Sakkas, “Orthorectification and assessment of QuickBird imagery using D-GPS measurements over Paros urban area,” in Proceedings of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 2005 Joint Conference, 2005.
[12]	I. Dowman and J. T. Dolloff, “An evaluation of rational functions for photogrammetric restitution,” International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 33. B3/1; PART 3, 2000, pp. 254-266.
[13]	C. V. Tao and Y. Hu, “A comprehensive study of the rational function model for photogrammetric processing,” Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 67.12, 2001, pp. 1347-1358.
[14]	F. Guastaferro, P. Maglione and C. Parente, “Rectification of Spot 5 satellite imagery for Marine Geographic Information Systems,” in Proceedings of ARSA – Advanced Research in Scientific Areas, Virtual Conference, 2012, pp. 1649-1653.
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[16]	N. Levin, “Fundamentals of remote sensing,” 1st Hydrographic Data Management Course, IMO—International Maritime Academy, Trieste, 1999, pp. 85-86.
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APA Style

Oscar Rosario Belfiore, Claudio Parente. (2014). Comparison of Different Methods to Rectify IKONOS Imagery without Use of Sensor Viewing Geometry.. American Journal of Remote Sensing, 2(3), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11

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ACS Style

Oscar Rosario Belfiore; Claudio Parente. Comparison of Different Methods to Rectify IKONOS Imagery without Use of Sensor Viewing Geometry.. Am. J. Remote Sens. 2014, 2(3), 15-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11

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AMA Style

Oscar Rosario Belfiore, Claudio Parente. Comparison of Different Methods to Rectify IKONOS Imagery without Use of Sensor Viewing Geometry.. Am J Remote Sens. 2014;2(3):15-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11,
  author = {Oscar Rosario Belfiore and Claudio Parente},
  title = {Comparison of Different Methods to Rectify IKONOS Imagery without Use of Sensor Viewing Geometry.},
  journal = {American Journal of Remote Sensing},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {15-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajrs.20140203.11},
  abstract = {Satellite images can be rectified and adapted to map representation also without information about viewing geometry of the sensor. Polynomial Functions (PFs) or Rational Polynomial Functions (RPFs) can be applied for this purpose, both requiring Ground Control Points (GCPs), of which the positions in the image as well as in the real world must be known. Typically for PFs only planimetric (X, Y) positions of GCPs are used while for RPFs 3D coordinates (X, Y, Z) of them as well as a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) of the entire scene are required. Check Points (CPs) with the same characteristics of GCPs (but not coincident with them) are used to better verify the accuracy of the product. Not only topographic survey, but also maps or ortho-photos with adequate resolution supply the coordinates of GCPs as well as CPs. This paper is aimed to compare methods to rectify IKONOS images based on PFs or RPFs applications, considering the positional accuracy of the results as index for performance evaluation. Tests were executed on IKONOS panchromatic image of an area of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, in Campania Region (Italy): ortho-photos (scale 1:10,000) were used for GCPs and CPs planimetric position in the real world while for RPFs applications also DEM (cell size 20 m) was considered as source of 3D information. To compare the selected methods, differences (residuals) between the X, Y coordinates of GCPs (but also of the CPs) on the ortho-photos and corresponding values in the rectified image were calculated and evaluated. The positional accuracy of the resulting products in relation to the method as well as to the number of GCPs was analyzed; also the implications of the calculation of Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) in alternative to the use of the values supplied for them by the image provider were investigated.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparison of Different Methods to Rectify IKONOS Imagery without Use of Sensor Viewing Geometry.
AU  - Oscar Rosario Belfiore
AU  - Claudio Parente
Y1  - 2014/10/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11
T2  - American Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - American Journal of Remote Sensing
JO  - American Journal of Remote Sensing
SP  - 15
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-580X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11
AB  - Satellite images can be rectified and adapted to map representation also without information about viewing geometry of the sensor. Polynomial Functions (PFs) or Rational Polynomial Functions (RPFs) can be applied for this purpose, both requiring Ground Control Points (GCPs), of which the positions in the image as well as in the real world must be known. Typically for PFs only planimetric (X, Y) positions of GCPs are used while for RPFs 3D coordinates (X, Y, Z) of them as well as a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) of the entire scene are required. Check Points (CPs) with the same characteristics of GCPs (but not coincident with them) are used to better verify the accuracy of the product. Not only topographic survey, but also maps or ortho-photos with adequate resolution supply the coordinates of GCPs as well as CPs. This paper is aimed to compare methods to rectify IKONOS images based on PFs or RPFs applications, considering the positional accuracy of the results as index for performance evaluation. Tests were executed on IKONOS panchromatic image of an area of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, in Campania Region (Italy): ortho-photos (scale 1:10,000) were used for GCPs and CPs planimetric position in the real world while for RPFs applications also DEM (cell size 20 m) was considered as source of 3D information. To compare the selected methods, differences (residuals) between the X, Y coordinates of GCPs (but also of the CPs) on the ortho-photos and corresponding values in the rectified image were calculated and evaluated. The positional accuracy of the resulting products in relation to the method as well as to the number of GCPs was analyzed; also the implications of the calculation of Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) in alternative to the use of the values supplied for them by the image provider were investigated.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Oscar Rosario Belfiore

Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
Claudio Parente

Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy

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APA Style

Oscar Rosario Belfiore, Claudio Parente. (2014). Comparison of Different Methods to Rectify IKONOS Imagery without Use of Sensor Viewing Geometry.. American Journal of Remote Sensing, 2(3), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11

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ACS Style

Oscar Rosario Belfiore; Claudio Parente. Comparison of Different Methods to Rectify IKONOS Imagery without Use of Sensor Viewing Geometry.. Am. J. Remote Sens. 2014, 2(3), 15-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11

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AMA Style

Oscar Rosario Belfiore, Claudio Parente. Comparison of Different Methods to Rectify IKONOS Imagery without Use of Sensor Viewing Geometry.. Am J Remote Sens. 2014;2(3):15-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11,
  author = {Oscar Rosario Belfiore and Claudio Parente},
  title = {Comparison of Different Methods to Rectify IKONOS Imagery without Use of Sensor Viewing Geometry.},
  journal = {American Journal of Remote Sensing},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {15-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajrs.20140203.11},
  abstract = {Satellite images can be rectified and adapted to map representation also without information about viewing geometry of the sensor. Polynomial Functions (PFs) or Rational Polynomial Functions (RPFs) can be applied for this purpose, both requiring Ground Control Points (GCPs), of which the positions in the image as well as in the real world must be known. Typically for PFs only planimetric (X, Y) positions of GCPs are used while for RPFs 3D coordinates (X, Y, Z) of them as well as a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) of the entire scene are required. Check Points (CPs) with the same characteristics of GCPs (but not coincident with them) are used to better verify the accuracy of the product. Not only topographic survey, but also maps or ortho-photos with adequate resolution supply the coordinates of GCPs as well as CPs. This paper is aimed to compare methods to rectify IKONOS images based on PFs or RPFs applications, considering the positional accuracy of the results as index for performance evaluation. Tests were executed on IKONOS panchromatic image of an area of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, in Campania Region (Italy): ortho-photos (scale 1:10,000) were used for GCPs and CPs planimetric position in the real world while for RPFs applications also DEM (cell size 20 m) was considered as source of 3D information. To compare the selected methods, differences (residuals) between the X, Y coordinates of GCPs (but also of the CPs) on the ortho-photos and corresponding values in the rectified image were calculated and evaluated. The positional accuracy of the resulting products in relation to the method as well as to the number of GCPs was analyzed; also the implications of the calculation of Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) in alternative to the use of the values supplied for them by the image provider were investigated.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparison of Different Methods to Rectify IKONOS Imagery without Use of Sensor Viewing Geometry.
AU  - Oscar Rosario Belfiore
AU  - Claudio Parente
Y1  - 2014/10/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11
T2  - American Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - American Journal of Remote Sensing
JO  - American Journal of Remote Sensing
SP  - 15
EP  - 19
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-580X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajrs.20140203.11
AB  - Satellite images can be rectified and adapted to map representation also without information about viewing geometry of the sensor. Polynomial Functions (PFs) or Rational Polynomial Functions (RPFs) can be applied for this purpose, both requiring Ground Control Points (GCPs), of which the positions in the image as well as in the real world must be known. Typically for PFs only planimetric (X, Y) positions of GCPs are used while for RPFs 3D coordinates (X, Y, Z) of them as well as a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) of the entire scene are required. Check Points (CPs) with the same characteristics of GCPs (but not coincident with them) are used to better verify the accuracy of the product. Not only topographic survey, but also maps or ortho-photos with adequate resolution supply the coordinates of GCPs as well as CPs. This paper is aimed to compare methods to rectify IKONOS images based on PFs or RPFs applications, considering the positional accuracy of the results as index for performance evaluation. Tests were executed on IKONOS panchromatic image of an area of the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, in Campania Region (Italy): ortho-photos (scale 1:10,000) were used for GCPs and CPs planimetric position in the real world while for RPFs applications also DEM (cell size 20 m) was considered as source of 3D information. To compare the selected methods, differences (residuals) between the X, Y coordinates of GCPs (but also of the CPs) on the ortho-photos and corresponding values in the rectified image were calculated and evaluated. The positional accuracy of the resulting products in relation to the method as well as to the number of GCPs was analyzed; also the implications of the calculation of Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) in alternative to the use of the values supplied for them by the image provider were investigated.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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