Variation of Physico-Chemical and Textural Properties of Laboratory Prepared Red Mud Through Acid and Thermal Activations

Tsamo Cornelius; Richard Kamga

doi:doi:10.11648/j.am.20170602.12

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Variation of Physico-Chemical and Textural Properties of Laboratory Prepared Red Mud Through Acid and Thermal Activations

Tsamo Cornelius, Richard Kamga

Published in Advances in Materials (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 28 March 2017 Accepted: 18 April 2017 Published: 1 June 2017

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Abstract

Red mud prepared in the laboratory was activated using hydrochloric acid with concentrations from 2-4 mol/L, heat at 900°C and combined acid and heat at 900°C, and the respective yields evaluated. The physico-chemical properties of these samples were determined using pH, EC, XRF, XRD, SEM, TGA-DTA analyses and textural properties (isotherm type, BET surface area, pore size distribution, total pore volume, average pore size, external surface area, micropore volume, micropore area) determined by nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption. Acid activation reduces red mud quantity than by thermal means. Raw red mud showed a pH of 11.0, EC of 2.50 x 10⁹ μS/cm, BET surface area of 13 m²/g, total pore volume of 0.063 cm³/g with the major oxides being Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, TiO₂ and SiO₂. It contain mesopores > macropores > micropores. All these properties are improved variably by acid and thermal activation. Acid modification increase alumina content but decreases that of iron. Conversely, heat treatment increase iron content but reduces alumina content. Combined acid and heat treated red mud shows high thermal stability than untreated and acid treated red muds. These results show that possible different applications of red mud can be achieved depending on modification conditions.

Published in	Advances in Materials (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.am.20170602.12
Page(s)	11-19
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bauxite, Red Mud, Activation, Minim-Martap, Properties

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APA Style

Tsamo Cornelius, Richard Kamga. (2017). Variation of Physico-Chemical and Textural Properties of Laboratory Prepared Red Mud Through Acid and Thermal Activations. Advances in Materials, 6(2), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20170602.12

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ACS Style

Tsamo Cornelius; Richard Kamga. Variation of Physico-Chemical and Textural Properties of Laboratory Prepared Red Mud Through Acid and Thermal Activations. Adv. Mater. 2017, 6(2), 11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20170602.12

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AMA Style

Tsamo Cornelius, Richard Kamga. Variation of Physico-Chemical and Textural Properties of Laboratory Prepared Red Mud Through Acid and Thermal Activations. Adv Mater. 2017;6(2):11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20170602.12

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@article{10.11648/j.am.20170602.12,
  author = {Tsamo Cornelius and Richard Kamga},
  title = {Variation of Physico-Chemical and Textural Properties of Laboratory Prepared Red Mud Through Acid and Thermal Activations},
  journal = {Advances in Materials},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {11-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.am.20170602.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20170602.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.am.20170602.12},
  abstract = {Red mud prepared in the laboratory was activated using hydrochloric acid with concentrations from 2-4 mol/L, heat at 900°C and combined acid and heat at 900°C, and the respective yields evaluated. The physico-chemical properties of these samples were determined using pH, EC, XRF, XRD, SEM, TGA-DTA analyses and textural properties (isotherm type, BET surface area, pore size distribution, total pore volume, average pore size, external surface area, micropore volume, micropore area) determined by nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption. Acid activation reduces red mud quantity than by thermal means. Raw red mud showed a pH of 11.0, EC of 2.50 x 109 μS/cm, BET surface area of 13 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.063 cm3/g with the major oxides being Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2. It contain mesopores > macropores > micropores. All these properties are improved variably by acid and thermal activation. Acid modification increase alumina content but decreases that of iron. Conversely, heat treatment increase iron content but reduces alumina content. Combined acid and heat treated red mud shows high thermal stability than untreated and acid treated red muds. These results show that possible different applications of red mud can be achieved depending on modification conditions.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Variation of Physico-Chemical and Textural Properties of Laboratory Prepared Red Mud Through Acid and Thermal Activations
AU - Tsamo Cornelius
AU - Richard Kamga
Y1 - 2017/06/01
PY - 2017
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20170602.12
DO - 10.11648/j.am.20170602.12
T2 - Advances in Materials
JF - Advances in Materials
JO - Advances in Materials
SP - 11
EP - 19
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2327-252X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20170602.12
AB - Red mud prepared in the laboratory was activated using hydrochloric acid with concentrations from 2-4 mol/L, heat at 900°C and combined acid and heat at 900°C, and the respective yields evaluated. The physico-chemical properties of these samples were determined using pH, EC, XRF, XRD, SEM, TGA-DTA analyses and textural properties (isotherm type, BET surface area, pore size distribution, total pore volume, average pore size, external surface area, micropore volume, micropore area) determined by nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption. Acid activation reduces red mud quantity than by thermal means. Raw red mud showed a pH of 11.0, EC of 2.50 x 109 μS/cm, BET surface area of 13 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.063 cm3/g with the major oxides being Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2. It contain mesopores > macropores > micropores. All these properties are improved variably by acid and thermal activation. Acid modification increase alumina content but decreases that of iron. Conversely, heat treatment increase iron content but reduces alumina content. Combined acid and heat treated red mud shows high thermal stability than untreated and acid treated red muds. These results show that possible different applications of red mud can be achieved depending on modification conditions.
VL - 6
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Tsamo Cornelius

Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon; Laboratoire des Matériaux et Chimie Inorganique Industrielle, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Richard Kamga

Laboratoire des Matériaux et Chimie Inorganique Industrielle, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon

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APA Style

Tsamo Cornelius, Richard Kamga. (2017). Variation of Physico-Chemical and Textural Properties of Laboratory Prepared Red Mud Through Acid and Thermal Activations. Advances in Materials, 6(2), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20170602.12

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ACS Style

Tsamo Cornelius; Richard Kamga. Variation of Physico-Chemical and Textural Properties of Laboratory Prepared Red Mud Through Acid and Thermal Activations. Adv. Mater. 2017, 6(2), 11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20170602.12

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AMA Style

Tsamo Cornelius, Richard Kamga. Variation of Physico-Chemical and Textural Properties of Laboratory Prepared Red Mud Through Acid and Thermal Activations. Adv Mater. 2017;6(2):11-19. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20170602.12

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@article{10.11648/j.am.20170602.12,
  author = {Tsamo Cornelius and Richard Kamga},
  title = {Variation of Physico-Chemical and Textural Properties of Laboratory Prepared Red Mud Through Acid and Thermal Activations},
  journal = {Advances in Materials},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {11-19},
  doi = {10.11648/j.am.20170602.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20170602.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.am.20170602.12},
  abstract = {Red mud prepared in the laboratory was activated using hydrochloric acid with concentrations from 2-4 mol/L, heat at 900°C and combined acid and heat at 900°C, and the respective yields evaluated. The physico-chemical properties of these samples were determined using pH, EC, XRF, XRD, SEM, TGA-DTA analyses and textural properties (isotherm type, BET surface area, pore size distribution, total pore volume, average pore size, external surface area, micropore volume, micropore area) determined by nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption. Acid activation reduces red mud quantity than by thermal means. Raw red mud showed a pH of 11.0, EC of 2.50 x 109 μS/cm, BET surface area of 13 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.063 cm3/g with the major oxides being Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2. It contain mesopores > macropores > micropores. All these properties are improved variably by acid and thermal activation. Acid modification increase alumina content but decreases that of iron. Conversely, heat treatment increase iron content but reduces alumina content. Combined acid and heat treated red mud shows high thermal stability than untreated and acid treated red muds. These results show that possible different applications of red mud can be achieved depending on modification conditions.},
 year = {2017}
}

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